大肠杆菌ppsA,pckA基因的克隆与串联表达

磷酸烯醇丙酮酸合成酶（ppsA)和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（pckA）是糖代谢中心途径中生成磷酸烯醇丙酮酸（PEP）的2个关键酶，在大肠杆菌中分别由ppsA和pckA基因编码，首先用PCR方法从大肠杆菌K12菌株基因组DNA扩增得到了ppsA和pckA基因，并将ppsA,pckA以单独或串联的方式克隆到大肠杆菌表达质粒pλPR上，构建成的质粒pλPR-ppsA,pλPR-pckA,pλPR-ppsA-PckA导入E.coli P2392菌株中表达，结果表明，ppsA,pckA基因的单独表达使宿主细胞的ppsA和pckA酶活力分别提高到5．2和2．5倍，串联表达使宿主细胞PAt和PckA酶活力分别提高到3．1和2．3倍，还使得以PEP为底物合成的3－脱氧α－阿拉伯 酮糖－7－磷酸（DAHP）产量提高到2．1倍，2个基因串联表达比单个基因表达更有利于提高DAHP的产量。     

丙烯酰CoA合成酶在大肠杆菌中的表达及其酶活性表征

以橙色绿屈挠菌（Chloroflexus aurantiacus）dsm636基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR技术扩增并克隆了丙烯酰CoA合成酶（ACS）基因,并连接到表达载体pET-22b(+)质粒上,构建了pET-22b(+)-Acs重组质粒,测序结果100%正确。将重组质粒pET-22b(+) Acs转化到大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)中,通过氨苄霉素抗性平板筛选,构建了大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)-pET-22b(+)-Acs基因工程菌。重组菌株经异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳分析,目标条带出现在分子量约160000处,表明丙烯酰CoA合成酶基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达;体外酶活实验证明,所表达的丙烯酰CoA合成酶是具有活性的。     

纳豆激酶基因重组表达载体的构建及其稳定性

利用PCR方法从分泌纳豆激酶的纳豆杆菌基因组DN中扩增纳豆激酶基因,将该基因克隆到表达载体PBV220上,筛选重组子,通过限制性内切酶和PCR技术分析,初步确定该重组子所携外源基因为纳豆激酶基因,用凝块溶解时间法（CLT）测出表达产物具有溶解血栓活性,证明该基因可在大肠杆菌中表达,对重组菌中重组质粒的稳定性进行研究,结果表明质粒的插入对宿主菌的生长没有太大影响,该质粒在宿主菌中具有良好的分离稳定性,但结构稳定性较差,SDS-PAGE分析结果表明基因产物为分泌型,蛋白表达量占菌体蛋白的12%左右。     

枯草杆菌纤溶酶基因的克隆及表达

为了提高豆豉纤溶酶(DFE)的表达产量,采用PCR方法从高纤溶活性的枯草芽孢杆菌DC12的基因组中扩增获得DFE基因,将含有启动子至3非翻译区的全长1400 bp基因插入大肠杆菌-枯草杆菌穿梭载体pBE3,构建了DFE基因的表达质粒,化学转化枯草杆菌WB800获得了DFE的重组表达菌.试验结果表明:DFE基因在自身启动子驱动下,在蛋白酶缺陷型的枯草杆菌中获得了高活性的分泌表达;重组表达菌株培养30 h后,培养物上清液中的纤溶酶活性最高可达690U/mL.     

鸡腺病毒内蒙古分离株六邻体蛋白基因片段的合成和分子克隆

根据鸡１０型腺病毒以及人２、５、４０、４１型腺病毒、牛３型、鼠１型腺病毒六邻体蛋白基因序列，选择保守区，设计和合成一对引物，以鸡腺病毒内蒙古分离株基因组ＤＮＡ为模板，进行聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增得到预期大小的０．５５ｋｂＤＮＡ片段．将此ＤＮＡ片段克隆于ｐＵＣ１９的ＳｍａＩ位点，筛选重组质粒，进行限制酶切分析和ＰＣＲ检测，得到含有六邻体蛋白基因片段的重组质粒，为进一步开展此病毒分子生物学研究和分子生物学诊断技术的建立创造了条件     

pEGFP-N3-t-PA真核表达质粒的构建及其在成纤维细胞中的表达

目的利用基因工程技术克隆人组织纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）基因并构建一种能高效、安全表达t—PA的pEGFP—N3-t—PA真核表达重组质粒,为进一步研制转基因动物奠定基础．方法采用高效Trizol试剂快速从黑色素瘤细胞中提取总RNA,RT—PCR获得t—PAcDNA,并将真核表达质粒pEGFP—N3和t—PA基因片段分别双酶切,将回收的pEGFP—N3大片段（4．7kb）与t—PA基因片段（1．1kb）重组．对pEGFP—N3-t—PA质粒进行酶切鉴定和基因测序鉴定．脂质体介导pEGFP—N3-t—PA转染成纤维细胞（NIn313）,并用RT—PCR法从mRNA水平检测t—PA的表达情况,用倒置荧光显微镜检测、分析其在NH 3T3细胞中的表达．结果成功地从黑色素瘤细胞中克隆了t—PA基因,并构建了以pEGFP—N3为载体的真核表达质粒载体,并能在真核细胞中表达、分泌t—PA．结论含t—PA基因真核表达质粒构建成功．     

人endostatin基因重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在NIH3T3细胞中表达

为探讨转人血管内皮抑制基因（endostatin）在转染细胞中的表达，利用逆转录病毒载体构建人endostatin基因的重组质粒，通过脂质体（lipofectamine）将重组质粒导入包装细胞PA317,制备重组病毒液。用重组病毒液感染NIH3T3细胞，经G418筛选获得转入endostatin基因细胞株NIH3T3-endo。同法制备对照细胞株NIH3T3-pLncx.PCR检测NIH3T3-endo细胞基因组，在扩增产物中一份550bp人endostatin基因特异性片段，对照组为阴性。免疫组化测定示仅NIH3T3-endo细胞中有外源性endostatin蛋白的表达，说明人endostatin基因已被成功导入NIH3T3细胞，并获得稳定表达。     

绵羊角蛋白关联蛋白KAP6-1基因5''端调控区的分子克隆及测序结果比较

根据绵羊毛囊角蛋白关联蛋白（KAP6-1）基因已知DNA序列设计合成了两个特异性引物，以绵羊基因组DNA为模板，PCR扩增出1042bp的特异性片段，连接到pMD19T载体中获得该片段克隆．经过快速提质粒法筛选、限制性内切酶分析表明该克隆包含所需的目的片段．DNA测序结果也证明该克隆片段与原基因5＇端调控区序列相比具有很高的一致性．研究结果为今后制备转基因克隆动物，在毛囊细胞中特异性表达绒毛生长调控基因奠定了基础．     

大肠杆菌caiE基因的克隆与高效表达

用聚合酶链反应（PCR）从大肠杆菌K12s中扩增大肠杆菌肉碱代谢相关酶基因cai E,将其克隆到克隆载体pBluescripy SK中，测序表明：该基因有612bp，与文献报道相比，有10个核苷酸不同，相应的翻译氨基酸有6个相异，将该基因重组到ColE1为复制子，T7为启动子控制下的分泌型表达载体pET-22b( )中，构建表达质粒pETCaiE，重组到载体pACYC184中构建以p15A为复制子，Lac为启动子的表达质粒pACYC-CaiE；重组到载体pWSK129中，构建以pSC101为复制子，T7为启动子的表达质粒pSC-CaiE。上述表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），经1mmol/L异丙基硫代－β－D－半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导后，均可表达，SDS－PAGE分析表明表达蛋白分子质量约26ku，表达量占菌体总蛋白质的比例分别为pETCaiE30%,pACYC-CaiE8%,pSC-CaiE5%。     

AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒基因工程多肽疫苗的构建及其免疫原性分析

为了构建Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒多肽疫苗,用反转录PCR方法扩增VPI基因并测得该基因的核苷酸序列．将VPI（133AA-163AA）、VP2（1AA～33AA）抗原表位基因分别与卢一半乳糖苷酶基因（简称LacZ＇）3’末端相连构建表达质粒LacZ’-VIP和LacZ’-VP2．化学合成VP1（133AA～163AA）-VP2（1AA～33AA）-VPl（133AA～163AA）串联重复抗原表位DNA,然后分别连接在β-半乳糖苷酶基因和IgG重链恒定区基因的3’末端,构建两种重组表达质粒LacZ’-VPl（133AA--163AA）-VP）2（1AA～33AA）-VP1（133AA-163AA）（命名为pTl）和IgGvPl（133AA～163AA）-VP2（1AA～33AA）-VPl（133AA-163AA）（命名为pT2）．通过Westernblot、血清中和抗体效价测定、T细胞增殖反应及豚鼠抗病毒保护实验分析所构建疫苗的免疫原性及有效性．结果显示pT1、pT2表达的融合蛋白能够诱发豚鼠产生较高的中和抗体及刺激豚鼠T细胞增殖．pT1、pT2两种融合蛋白分别2次免疫豚鼠后,100％的豚鼠能抵抗100 ID50 AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒攻击．pT2融合蛋白1次免疫豚鼠后70％的豚鼠能抵抗100 ID50 AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒攻击．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to