Influence of the Process Conditions on the Formation df AOX Compounds during Wool Chlorine Pretreatment

Chlorination occurred simultaneously with oxidation when wool was treated by chlorine-containing reagents. The adsorbable organic halogens( AOX) compounds were produced by the chlorination of amino acid residues, especially tyrosine residue. The factors that might influence the reaction of dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA) with tyrosine residue were discussed. Higher temperature, appropriate pH value and lower concentration of chloride ion are favorable to decrease the percentage of chlorination. Determination of optimum process conditions would be helpful to control AOX compounds formation during wool chlorine pretreatment.     

Identification of Some AOX Compounds Formed in Wool Chlorination Using Model Chemicals

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｓｓｕｅｓｈａｖｅａｓｓｕｍｅｄｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ Ｌｅｇｉｓｌａｔｉｏｎｏｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕ ｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｓｔｒｉｎｇｅｎｔ Ｔｅｘｔｉｌｅｗｅｔｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｍａｊｏｒｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ Ｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｅｘｔｉｌｅｗ…     

羊毛氯化废水中有机卤化物的处理

羊毛氯化处理产生有机卤化物,对人类造成极大危害,氯化工艺面临淘汰.为保护氯化工艺,采用絮凝和碱解等方法处理氯化废水,降低废水中有机卤化物的含量.经过处理,废水中可吸附有机卤化物AOX(Adsorbable Organic Halo-gens)含量可达到1mg/L以下.     

Determination of Absorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) Concentration in Wool Dyeing Effluent of Lanasol Dyes

In this paper, the absorbable organic halogen (AOX) amounts in the effluents from Lanasol reactive wool dyeing were determined using DIN 38409 H14 methods and compared with the remaining chromophore concentratlons which were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that the dyes remaining in the dyeing effluents did result in AOX concentratiom. By measuring the adsorption rates of Lanasol dyes on activated charcoal at different temperatures and pH values, the maximum adsorption on activated charcoal and optimum adsorption conditions of the Lanasol reactive dyes were determined. The experiments showed that the AOX values of the dyes measured by these two methods were not in agreement.he reasons for this observation are discussed.     

含手性碳偶氮苯化合物的合成及其光致变色性能

采用重氮化偶合反应合成得到偶氮苯染料母体,再经酰氯化、酯化反应合成出两种新型的含手性碳的偶氮苯化合物4-甲酸乳酸乙酯酯基-4'-N,N-二甲基偶氮苯和4-甲酸乳酸乙酯酯基-4'-N,N-二甲基双偶氮苯,并用纸色谱、傅里叶红外(IR)光谱进行了监测和表征.经紫外一可见光(UV-Vis)光谱测试表明两种化合物显示出良好的光致变色性能,与母体化合物的对比可以看出,接入手性碳后光致变色光谱表现出明显的变化,且单偶氮结构的化合物要比双偶氮结构的化合物光致变色光谱明显.     

Low Temperature Dyeing and Shrinkage-Resistance Finishing of Wool by Composition of Salt-Ammonia and Enzyme Treatment

Wool top and knitted fabric were treated with ammonia in the presence of sodium chloride （salt-ammonia process）. The effectiveness of salt-ammonia process traditionally used as pretreatment for low temperature dyeing has been investigated for conferring shrink-resistance of wool. The pretreatmont of salt-ammonia process followed by enzymatic treatment has been proved that contribute to not only the enhancement of dyeing behavionr but also shrinkage-resistance in the present studies. A novel composition of salt-ammonia pretreatment, oxidized and reduced treatment as well as protease modification was recommended to achieve low temperature dyeing and shrinkage-resistance of wool. At the same time, the process conditions were optimized by orthogonal array and assessed by dye uptake rate, weight loss and area shrinkage. Laboratory experiments showed that the knitted fabric treated according to optimized conditions of the combined process, achieved not only improvement of dye abilities but also the strict requirement of machine-washable, representing a possible alternative to chlorination.     

用于地下回灌的城市污水臭氧处理

为回用城市污水 ,以缓解我国水资源日益短缺的紧张局面 ,研究了臭氧对典型城市二级生化出水 (北京高碑店污水处理厂 )中有机物的去除效果。对以 AOX表征的有机物 ,臭氧与之的直接反应和间接反应的去除率存在限值 ,直接反应的最大去除率可达 2 4% ,间接反应的最大去除率可达 3 8%。间接反应中 ,NO-2 、细菌、苯系物优先与臭氧反应 ,AOX、DOC反应慢 ,臭氧去除 AOX是氧化卤素原子的脱卤作用。二级生化出水经臭氧处理后 ,还可以有效去除细菌 ,并破坏大分子及苯环 ,从而提高了水的可生化降解性。臭氧消耗量为 2 4mg/ L 时 ,再经土壤含水层处理 ,出水 DOC值可达地下水水源标准     

乙酸光氯化合成三氯乙酸宏观动力学研究

针对乙酸光氯化制备三氯乙酸反应过程，采用带有溢流的环流反应器，在半连续条件下测定乙酸、氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸浓度随时间的变化规律。建立了乙酸光氯化反应过程的宏观动力学方程，考虑到Cl2与乙酸、氯乙酸和二氯乙酸的反应存在竞争性，通过引入“竞争因子”提高备组分浓度模型计算值与实验值的拟合度，并估计出动力学参数。结果表明，加入“竞争因子”的平行-连串宏观动力学模型能准确地反映己酸光氯化合成三氯乙酸的反应动力学规律。     

Research on the Dyeing and Finishing Properties of Wool Treated with Chitosan

The dyeing and finishing properties of wool treated with chitosan were studied. It was shown that chitosan can be absorbed by wool in an acetic acid bath, both dyeing rate and equilibrium dye uptake of wool treated with chitosan increase in a wide pH range from strong acid to neutral conditions. This work also indicated that chitosan could be used to achieve feltproofing of wool.     

N-{[(5-对氯苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑]-2-基}-2-芳氧烟酰胺的合成及生物活性

利用酚与2-氯烟酸在氢化钠作用下得到中间体芳氧基烟酸.芳氧基烟酸经酰氯化,再与取代2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑作用,合成了8个未见文献报道的含取代1,3,4-噻二唑的芳氧烟酰胺类化合物.目标化合物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析等确证.初步的生物活性测试表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的除草活性.     

Ac_2O-PCl_3-S_2Cl_2催化乙酸制备高纯度氯乙酸

以乙酸为原料,采用Ａｃ２Ｏ－ＰＣｌ３－Ｓ２Ｃｌ２为催化剂,进行催化氯化制备高纯度氯乙酸,产品含量≥９８．５％。同时讨论了反应温度,催化剂用量等工艺条件对氯化反应及产品质量的影响。     

含环丙烷氨基酸残基的构象限制二肽的合成及其晶体结构研究

以(L)-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、N-叔丁氧羰基-(L)-丙氨酸和2,3-二苯基-1-叔丁氧酰氨基环丙烷酸甲酯为原料,采用混酐法合成了两个含2,3-二苯基取代环丙烷氨基酸残基的构象限制二肽,并用IR、NMR、MS和单晶X-射线衍射对这两个二肽的结构进行了研究.     

异噁唑酰腙类化合物的合成及其结构表征

以5-甲基4-异噁唑甲酸为原料,与氯化亚砜、水合肼反应得5一甲基4-异噁唑甲酰肼2,2与芳香醛缩合反应合成了6个新的酰腙化合物,其结构经IR、1HNMR、MS等表征确证.实验结果表明,酰肼与芳香醛在冰醋酸中进行缩合酰腙化反应,具有产率高、条件温和、操作简便等优点.     

Redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B involves a sulphenyl-amide intermediate

The second messenger hydrogen peroxide is required for optimal activation of numerous signal transduction pathways, particularly those mediated by protein tyrosine kinases. One mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide regulates cellular processes is the transient inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases through the reversible oxidization of their catalytic cysteine, which suppresses protein dephosphorylation. Here we describe a structural analysis of the redox-dependent regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which is reversibly inhibited by oxidation after cells are stimulated with insulin and epidermal growth factor. The sulphenic acid intermediate produced in response to PTP1B oxidation is rapidly converted into a previously unknown sulphenyl-amide species, in which the sulphur atom of the catalytic cysteine is covalently linked to the main chain nitrogen of an adjacent residue. Oxidation of PTP1B to the sulphenyl-amide form is accompanied by large conformational changes in the catalytic site that inhibit substrate binding. We propose that this unusual protein modification both protects the active-site cysteine residue of PTP1B from irreversible oxidation to sulphonic acid and permits redox regulation of the enzyme by promoting its reversible reduction by thiols.     

乙酸催化氯化法合成氯乙酸的催化剂研究现状

探讨了乙酸氯化法的反应机理,分析了乙酸催化氯化法合成氯乙酸过程中催化剂的作用,介绍了国内外近年来乙酸氯化法中催化剂体系的研究现状,展望了其研究方向.     

添加剂对改性含钛高炉渣氯化过程的影响

针对高钙镁改性含钛高炉渣氯化过程物料易粘结问题,通过热力学分析及X射线衍射检测研究了添加剂防止粘结的作用机制,并考察了温度、配碳量、气体(N2+Cl2)流量和氯气分压对氯化行为的影响.结果表明:氯化过程中添加剂磷酸优先与CaO作用生成高熔点的Ca3(PO4)2以及后者与CaCl2反应生成Ca5(PO4)3Cl,避免了低熔点钙镁氯化物富集而造成的物料粘结.当反应条件为温度850~900℃、配碳过量15%、气体流量400 mL/min和氯气分压40 kPa,得到最佳的氯化结果,60 min内氯化率可达到90.8%~93.5%.     

3,5-双三氟甲基苯甲酰氯的合成

介绍了以间双三氟甲基苯为起始原料合成3,5-双三氟甲基苯甲酰氯的方法。该合成路线经溴代、羧基化和酰化等三步反应,以61.7%的总收率得到目的物。讨论了浓硫酸用量、反应温度对溴代反应的影响,酰化温度、二甲亚砜用量对3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯甲酰氯收率的影响;得到了合成3,5-双三氟甲基苯甲酰氯的适宜条件。结果表明,该法工艺路线简单,是经济价值较高的合成路线。     

Relationship Between Stimulated Ethylene Production and Alternative Respiration Pathway in “Royal Gala” Apple Fruit

Endogenous ethylene production and alternative oxidase (AOX) protein expression in “Royal Gala”apple fruits were investigated after treatments with cold (0℃ for 1 week) and heat (38℃ for 1 h). Amonoclonal antibody to the terminal oxidase of the alternative pathway from Sauromatum guttatum was used to identify the AOX protein in apple fruits. The molecular mass of AOX in “Royal Gala” apple fruits is approximately 38 kDa, similar to those reported in tobacco and tomato. The cold treatment depressed the release of endogenous ethylene production before the climacteric ethylene production and obviously induced the expression of AOX protein expression. The heat treatment had the opposite effects on the ethylene production and AOX protein expression. In addition, the climax of endogenous ethylene production preceded the maximum AOX expression after the cold temperature treatment. It is therefore proposed that in climacteric fruits the production of induced ethylene is not coordinated with the level of AOX protein.     

碳纳米管对天然有机质氯化消毒副产物生成的影响

以应用广泛的碳纳米材料多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)和水体中普遍存在的天然有机质(NOMs)为研究对象,探讨CNTs对两种不同种类NOMs(Suwannee river standard humic acid,HASR和Suwannee river standard fulvic acid,FASR)氯化生成消毒副产物的影响...     

乙酸氯化合成氯乙酸反应机理研究进展

分析乙酸在光、硫磺和醋酐催化条件下生成氯乙酸的反应机理.乙酸光催化反应速度快,但二氯乙酸生成量高.硫磺催化和醋酐催化产生的乙酰氯是真正的乙酸氯化催化剂.对二氯乙酸生成机理进行评述,认为乙酸氯化生成二氯乙酸属于平行-连串反应机理.