Relationship Between Stimulated Ethylene Production and Alternative Respiration Pathway in “Royal Gala” Apple Fruit

Endogenous ethylene production and alternative oxidase (AOX) protein expression in “Royal Gala”apple fruits were investigated after treatments with cold (0℃ for 1 week) and heat (38℃ for 1 h). Amonoclonal antibody to the terminal oxidase of the alternative pathway from Sauromatum guttatum was used to identify the AOX protein in apple fruits. The molecular mass of AOX in “Royal Gala” apple fruits is approximately 38 kDa, similar to those reported in tobacco and tomato. The cold treatment depressed the release of endogenous ethylene production before the climacteric ethylene production and obviously induced the expression of AOX protein expression. The heat treatment had the opposite effects on the ethylene production and AOX protein expression. In addition, the climax of endogenous ethylene production preceded the maximum AOX expression after the cold temperature treatment. It is therefore proposed that in climacteric fruits the production of induced ethylene is not coordinated with the level of AOX protein.     

Determination of Absorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) Concentration in Wool Dyeing Effluent of Lanasol Dyes

In this paper, the absorbable organic halogen (AOX) amounts in the effluents from Lanasol reactive wool dyeing were determined using DIN 38409 H14 methods and compared with the remaining chromophore concentratlons which were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that the dyes remaining in the dyeing effluents did result in AOX concentratiom. By measuring the adsorption rates of Lanasol dyes on activated charcoal at different temperatures and pH values, the maximum adsorption on activated charcoal and optimum adsorption conditions of the Lanasol reactive dyes were determined. The experiments showed that the AOX values of the dyes measured by these two methods were not in agreement.he reasons for this observation are discussed.     

用于地下回灌的城市污水臭氧处理

为回用城市污水 ,以缓解我国水资源日益短缺的紧张局面 ,研究了臭氧对典型城市二级生化出水 (北京高碑店污水处理厂 )中有机物的去除效果。对以 AOX表征的有机物 ,臭氧与之的直接反应和间接反应的去除率存在限值 ,直接反应的最大去除率可达 2 4% ,间接反应的最大去除率可达 3 8%。间接反应中 ,NO-2 、细菌、苯系物优先与臭氧反应 ,AOX、DOC反应慢 ,臭氧去除 AOX是氧化卤素原子的脱卤作用。二级生化出水经臭氧处理后 ,还可以有效去除细菌 ,并破坏大分子及苯环 ,从而提高了水的可生化降解性。臭氧消耗量为 2 4mg/ L 时 ,再经土壤含水层处理 ,出水 DOC值可达地下水水源标准     

羊毛氯化废水中有机卤化物的处理

羊毛氯化处理产生有机卤化物,对人类造成极大危害,氯化工艺面临淘汰.为保护氯化工艺,采用絮凝和碱解等方法处理氯化废水,降低废水中有机卤化物的含量.经过处理,废水中可吸附有机卤化物AOX(Adsorbable Organic Halo-gens)含量可达到1mg/L以下.     

Influence of the Process Conditions on the Formation df AOX Compounds during Wool Chlorine Pretreatment

Chlorination occurred simultaneously with oxidation when wool was treated by chlorine-containing reagents. The adsorbable organic halogens( AOX) compounds were produced by the chlorination of amino acid residues, especially tyrosine residue. The factors that might influence the reaction of dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA) with tyrosine residue were discussed. Higher temperature, appropriate pH value and lower concentration of chloride ion are favorable to decrease the percentage of chlorination. Determination of optimum process conditions would be helpful to control AOX compounds formation during wool chlorine pretreatment.     

Influence of the Process Conditions on the Formation of AOX Compounds during Wool Chlorine Pretreatment

Chlorination occurred simultaneously with oxidationwhen wool was treated by chlorine-containing reagents.The adsorbable organic halogens(AOX) compounds were produced by the chlorination of amino acid residues,especially tyrosine residue. The factors that might influence the reaction of dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA) with tyrosine residue were discussed. Higher temperature, appropriate pH value and lower concentration of chloride ion are favorable to decrease the percentage of chlorination. Determination of optimum process conditions would be helpful to control AOX compounds formation during wool chlorine pretreatment.     

马尾松PmAOX基因克隆与不同逆境胁迫表达分析

揭示马尾松（Pinus massoniana）抗氰呼吸途径的交替氧化酶（alternative oxidase,AOX）基因的功能。     

氰丙氨酸合酶在乙烯诱导杨树耐盐中的作用

【目的】探讨木本植物线粒体β-氰丙氨酸合成酶在乙烯诱导的交替呼吸氧化酶(AOX)途径对盐胁迫响应中的作用。【方法】选取盐胁迫下‘南林895’杨叶片,利用HPLC测定氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC,乙烯前体)含量,实时荧光定量PCR分析基因表达,比色法测定半胱氨酸水平。【结果】盐胁迫使杨树幼苗叶片ACC积累,乙烯合成相关酶(ACS7和ACO3)、氰丙氨酸合酶(CYS C1),以及腈水解酶(NIT4)等基因显著上调表达,同时伴随着线粒体交替呼吸氧化酶(AOX1b)基因的上调和细胞色素c氧化酶(COX6b)基因下调表达。水杨基氧肟酸(SHAM)预处理导致AOX1b基因表达被抑制,电解质渗透率(EL)和丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,但不影响CYS C1表达。而乙烯合成抑制剂氨基氧乙酸(AOA)了抑制CYS C1和盐胁迫诱导的AOX1b基因的表达,并增加EL和MDA含量。此外,AOA恢复盐胁迫减少的半胱氨酸含量,而SHAM和抗霉素A(AA)均无此效应。【结论】杨树叶片CYS C1参与了乙烯激发的耐盐响应,但乙烯诱导的交替呼吸氧化酶(AOX)并未位于CYS C1上游而发挥作用。     

重组Pichia酵母(Muts)发酵过渡阶段关键酶活分析

重组Pichia酵母表达系统的发酵存在从利用甘油为碳源生长到利用甲醇为碳源表达外源蛋白的发酵表达过渡阶段。Pichia酵母过渡阶段碳源代谢途径关键酶酶活分析表明：甲醇诱导3h AOX2酶活为0,4h时突然增加到0．05U,继续诱导,酶活缓慢增加;在过渡阶段甲醛脱氢酶和6-P-葡萄糖脱氢酶分别增加了6．1倍、2．5倍,而丙酮酸脱氢酶和异柠檬酸脱氢酶分别下降为原酶活的29．4％及16．4％,表明甲醇诱导后甲醇完全氧化代谢途径得到强化,而糖酵解途径和三羧酸循环途径代谢作用减弱。     

混凝-水解-接触氧化处理造纸漂白废水的研究

本文研究了混凝,厌氧酸化,生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理造纸制浆含氯漂白废水,在水力停留时间为15h时,整个系数CODcr总去除率达88．1％,BOD5去除率达81％,AOX去除率达98．4％,毒性值去除了92％,絮凝单元去除的主要是大分子氯代有机物,厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解,氯代有机物得到了基本的去除;好氧单元对COD有较高的去除率,红外光谱的分析结果表明：废水中既有木素又有纤维素和半纤维素,虽然漂白废水厌氧处理效果不如好氧处理,但厌氧,好氧联合处理可有效地提高其处理效果。     

土壤基质对回灌水的净化效果

在水资源管理体系中,人工地下水回灌是实现水资源再生的有效途径。介绍了城市污水人工地下水回灌技术的基础理论与发展现状。利用在北京市高碑店污水处理厂内的建立的人工地下水回灌示范工程,初步研究了城市污水处理厂二级出水经深度处理后进行地下水回灌对地下水水质的影响。引入钠吸附比表征回灌水在渗滤过程对土壤结构的影响。研究结果表明:土壤非饱和带对可溶解性有机碳(DOC)、氨氮(NH_4~ -N)、UV-254表征的有机物有良好的去除效果,对回灌水中可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的去除率很低。     

马尾松SGW高白度全无氯漂白研究

对马尾松磨石磨木浆(SGW)进行了单段H2O2漂白和2段H2O2漂白试验，研究了不同预处理方法和条件对H2O2漂白效果的影响，提出了最佳的预处理工艺；同时还研究了以EDTA和MgSO4作为金属螯合剂改善H2O2漂白效果，进而确定了H2O2漂白的最佳工艺参数．结果表明，应用EDTA和MgSO4作为金属螯合剂，SGW经预处理后，采用两段H2O2漂白，漂后纸浆白度可由原浆的47．8％提高到74．5％，从而使制得的漂白浆能满足低定量高白度胶印新闻纸和其他高级纸种的生产要求．结果还表明，与传统CEH3段漂白相比，漂白废水中的CODCr减少78．5％，BOD5减少97％，且不再含有可吸附的有机卤化物(AOX)．     

毕赤酵母FLD1启动子元件的克隆与测序

为了应用毕赤酵母表达某些食用蛋白或同时表达多个异源蛋白,本文以毕赤酵母GS115基因组DNA为模板,采用prime5.9程序设计了一对不等长引物,经多轮直接多聚酶链式反应,扩增获得了大小为597bp目标DNA片段;再经限制性内切酶和双脱氧末端终止法分析,其DNA片段排列顺序与EMBL发表的FLD1启动子的序列完全一致。     

Expression of human β-subunit nerve growth factor (hNGFB) in yeast Pichia pastoris and E. coli

The gene hNGFB encoding the β subunit of human nerve growth factor (hNGF) was cloned intoP. pastoris secretive expression vector pHIL-S1 andE. coli expression vector pET-15b. The recombinant hNGFB vectors pSNGF and pET15b-NGF were transformed intoP. pastoris host cell GS115 (Mut⁺, His⁻) andE. coli strain BL21 (DE3) respectively. Expression and secretion of hNGFB inP. pastoris was attempted under the direction of the AOX1 promoter and PHO1 signal sequence. The positive colonies growing on medium without histidine were further selected by PCR. The yield of rehNGFB in GS115 was about 14.4% of total cellular secretive protein. The secreted protein was immunological active on Western blotting with rabbit anti-mNGFB antibodies. The fusion protein yield of rehNGFB inE. coli BL21 (DE3) was about 10.3% of total cellular protein after IPTG induction. Western blot detection showed its immunological activity.     

COMPARISON OF ECF-LIGHT,TCF AND CEH BLEACHING OF NON-NOOD FIBERS

A comparative evaluation of DQP, OQP and CEH bleaching of non-wood fibres has revealed that wheat straw, reed, bagasse and bamboo pulps can be bleached to brightness levels of just above 80% ISO,when applying an OQP bleaching sequence and to brightness levels of about 85% ISO when applying the DQP sequence using 10 - 15 kg/tp of ClO2 (aC1.),15 - 20 kg/tp of H2O2 together with 1 - 2 kg/tp of EDTA. The P.C. numbers of the DQP and OQP bleached pulps are much lower and the viscosity much higher than those of the CEH bleached pulps.Compared with CEH pulps, both the DQP and OQP pulps had better strength properties, particularly Tear Index. In spite of their higher final brightness levels,the DQP pulps show similar or better strength properties than the OQP pulps. A comparison of the CEH and DQP effluents showed that the DQP bleaching could reduce the pollution load (CODCDBOD5, SS) by 35 to 60% without the need for recirculation of any effluent streams. The AOX levels could be reduced by 87 to 93%.     

Heterologous Expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AgSSB in Pichia pastoris

The DNA fragment encoding matureMycobacterium tuberculosis major secretory protein Ag85B was inserted into thePichia pastoris secretory expression vector pHBM905A, under the control of theAOX1 promoter. The recombinant plasmid pHBM905A-85B linearized bySal I was introduced intoPichia pastoris strain GS115 by PEG1000 transformation method. After phenotype screening and PCR identification, the resulting GS115-pHBM905A-85B strain was cultivated and induced with methanol. The recombinant Ag85B protein in secreted form was attained with molecular weight of 35×10³ approximately detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. ELISA experiment proved that the protein had good antigen specificity. Secretory expression of recombinantM. tuberculosis Ag85B inP. pastoris will open a door to mass production of the protein in heterologous host and allow ready evaluation of its immunological function. Foundation item: Supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Wuhan(301121028) Biography: LIU Yan(1971-), female, Ph. D candidate, research direction: vaccine against tuberculosis.     

大仓鼠的食性与食量研究

对陕西省临潼县渭河滩地大仓鼠的食性、食物选择程度、日食量及贮粮情况进行了观察研究.结果表明,大仓鼠是一种主要以农作物种子为食,兼食一些小型无脊椎动物的杂食性动物.不同季节鼠胃中均以作物种子出现率最高,动物性食物在4月及8—9月份出现率高于其它各月,在作物未成熟及收获后的4、6月及11月,大仓鼠最喜食的作物种子是花生和豆类.幼鼠日食量为12.2g,成年鼠为15.1g,成年鼠的日食量显著高于幼年鼠.未成年鼠贮粮量较少或不贮粮,成年鼠贮粮较多.     

小荚蛏消化酶活性的季节变化

研究了小荚蛏蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶在不同季节的活力变化。结果表明:三种消化酶的活力在不同季节差异极显著。纤维素酶的活力大小为:冬季>秋季>春季和夏季;蛋白酶的活力大小为:春季和秋季>冬季和夏季;淀粉酶的活力大小为:秋季>冬季和春季>夏季;三种消化酶的活力均为夏季最低。     

辽河盆地桃园构造东营组砂岩的储集空间类型及成岩作用

桃园构造位于辽河盆地东部凹陷，其产层老第三系东营组砂岩主要属河流相砂体。砂岩孔隙发育，渗透率大，属高孔、高渗储层。其储集空间类型主要有粒间原生孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶蚀扩大孔及粒间胶结物溶孔。对砂岩有影响的成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用及溶蚀作用。东营组泥岩中有机质为半成熟阶段，属早成岩阶段Ｂ期。引起砂岩中矿物溶蚀的有机酸主要来自下伏地层。而构造上发育的张性正断层成为深部地层中流体向上运移的通道。有机酸随流体上升，进入砂体产生溶蚀，改善了砂岩储集物性。尔后，天然气沿断裂向上运移进入砂岩，并沿砂体运移到有利圈闭处聚集成气藏。