基于无迹卡尔曼滤波软测量技术的汽车行驶状态估计

为了有效解决电动汽车在行驶过程中的车速、质心侧偏角和横摆角速度等参数低成本测量的问题,采用无迹卡尔曼搭建了软测量算法;该算法充分考虑电动汽车动态行驶状况下非线性的影响因素,同时采用非线性的高速公路研究所动态轮胎模型对轮胎侧向力进行精确估计。通过与Car Sim动力学仿真软件进行联合仿真,对比分析验证所建立的软测量算法能够准确、实时地估计出电动汽车的运动参数。     

车辆行驶状态无迹卡尔曼软测量

为了有效解决电动汽车在行驶过程中的车速、质心侧偏角和横摆角速度等参数低成本测量的问题,采用无迹卡尔曼搭建了软测量算法,该算法充分考虑了电动汽车非线性的车辆运动状态估计,对于轮胎侧向力的估计采用非线性的魔术轮胎模型。最终,通过联合仿真实验方法验证了所建立的软测量算法能够准确、实时地估计出电动汽车的运动参数。     

基于软测量技术的电动汽车行驶状态估计

为了实现对电动汽车运行信息的低成本估计,通过建立了以3自由度电动汽车动力学模型为基础的EKF软测量算法。利用低成本传感器测得的纵向、侧向加速度、横摆角速度和转向盘转角信号,实现了对电动汽车横、纵向车速和质心侧偏角运动状态信号进行精确估计;同时引入了HSRI(highway safety research institute)轮胎模型;在动态特性下轮胎的侧向力可得到有效的估计。最后通过Car Sim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真对EKF算法进行了验证,从而验证了EKF软测量技术能够准确、实时地估计汽车行驶动态参数信息。     

自适应软测量算法的汽车行驶状态估计

为了实现车辆行驶状态低成本测量,设计了估计汽车行驶状态参数的传统无迹卡尔曼滤波器和能够有效解决噪声时变特性的次优Sage-Husa噪声估计器相结合算法,通过建立电动汽车3自由度的动力学模型和HSRI轮胎模型,且融合低成本测量的纵、横向加速度和方向盘转向角传感器测量信息,从而可精确估计电动汽车行驶状态.在选定的典型工况下,通过与无迹卡尔曼软测量算法进行对比,硬件在环实验结果有效地验证了自适应无迹卡尔曼软测量算法具有很好的鲁棒性,且比无迹卡尔曼软测量算法更加能够有效地估计电动汽车的行驶状态.     

基于自适应Kalman滤波的汽车横摆角速度软测量算法

利用参数软测量技术,提出了基于自适应Kalman滤波和汽车两自由度动力学模型的横摆角速度软测量算法．该算法实现了横摆角速度的线性最小均方误差估计,且可对汽车行驶过程中的系统噪声和观测噪声统计特性进行在线估计．仿真与场地试验结果对比验证了该算法的有效性,同时软测量技术的采用也为汽车状态参数测量提供了一条可行的、准确且低成本的研究思路。     

四轮驱动EV自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波状态估计

针对四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车转矩控制中整车质心侧偏角等关键状态参数无法直接检测及车速等测量值易受到随机误差干扰的问题,建立四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车七自由度动力学模型,进行整车行驶状态参数滤波估计.结合抗差滤波原理及无迹粒子滤波算法,提出一种整车状态滤波估计方法.运用自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波,实现电动汽车行驶过程中纵向速度、侧向速度和质心侧偏角的准确滤波估计.搭建CarSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真实验平台对估计算法进行验证.结果表明:所搭建四轮毂电机驱动汽车动力学模型对整车行驶状态具有较高的预测精度;基于自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波算法能实现整车行驶状态估计,能有效对测量参数进行滤波,且具有较高的估计精度.     

分布式电动汽车质量与行驶状态估计

为了更精确地获取分布式电动汽车行驶过程中的关键参数及相关状态信息,本文提出了一种递推最小二乘法与双容积卡尔曼滤波算法相结合的估计方法,并基于三自由度非线性整车动力学模型,借助Carsim-MATLAB/Simulink平台进行了联合仿真与实验分析,结果表明,该算法能实时准确地估计车辆参数与行驶状态,满足车辆主动安全控制需要。     

基于滑模观测器的电动汽车最大牵引力估计

为实现双电机四轮驱动电动车在不同路面的最大驱动力, 提出了基于LuGre摩擦动力学模型和滑模观测器(SMO： Sliding Mode Observer)的牵引力控制策略。利用LuGre动力学模型中反应路面条件的参数θ, 实现路面条件在线辨识。通过SMO对电动汽车在纵向行车工况下、 轮胎小滑移率时, 主动估计路面条件参数θ, 进而估算其最佳滑移率, 获得路面可提供的最大牵引力。同时采用动态饱和非线性控制策略限制电机的最大输出力矩, 保证电动车在不同路面条件下防滑行驶。仿真实验表明, 基于滑模观测器的最佳滑移率估计方法可在不同路面条件下提供电动汽车最大牵引力, 对汽车行驶的主动安全性有重要意义。     

基于遗传粒子滤波的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法

质心侧偏角估计是汽车稳定性控制系统中的关键技术.为了解决现有估计方法对轮毂驱动电动汽车信息利用不充分、估计精度低的问题,提出一种基于遗传粒子滤波(GPF)的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法.利用魔术轮胎公式,融合轮毂驱动电动汽车车轮上驱动与制动力矩信息,建立非线性车辆动力学模型,实现轮胎纵向力与侧向力计算,完成质心侧偏角估计器的搭建.针对车辆动力学模型的强非线性及传统粒子滤波算法粒子退化、计算量大的问题,设计适用于强非线性系统并且能够有效抑制退化、减小计算量的遗传粒子滤波算法对质心侧偏角进行估计.仿真结果表明:所提出的估计方法能够提高质心侧偏角的估计精度和鲁棒性.     

基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的车辆质心侧偏角融合估计算法

针对车辆在高速紧急避让工况下质心侧偏角难以直接测量的问题,提出一种基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的质心侧偏角融合估计算法。在车辆二自由度动力学模型的基础上,提出一种轮胎侧偏刚度估计方法,构建基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波的质心侧偏角估计算法。根据质心侧偏角和车辆纵向、侧向加速度的关系,构建基于积分法的质心侧偏角估计算法;结合两种估计算法的特点,采用轮胎侧偏刚度的一阶微分表征车辆的非线性程度,设计了一种适用于不同车辆动态特性及路面条件的融合估计算法。Carsim/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,该融合估计算法在不同的车辆动态特性和不同路面条件下具有良好的估计精度和实时性,对传感器信号的噪声、误差鲁棒性强。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to