基于无迹卡尔曼滤波软测量技术的汽车行驶状态估计

为了有效解决电动汽车在行驶过程中的车速、质心侧偏角和横摆角速度等参数低成本测量的问题,采用无迹卡尔曼搭建了软测量算法;该算法充分考虑电动汽车动态行驶状况下非线性的影响因素,同时采用非线性的高速公路研究所动态轮胎模型对轮胎侧向力进行精确估计。通过与Car Sim动力学仿真软件进行联合仿真,对比分析验证所建立的软测量算法能够准确、实时地估计出电动汽车的运动参数。     

基于UKF软测量技术的汽车行驶状态估计

为了有效解决电动汽车在行驶过程中的车速、质心侧偏角和横摆角速度等参数低成本测量的问题,采用无迹Kalman搭建了软测量算法,该算法充分考虑电动汽车动态行驶状况下的非线性的影响因素,同时采用非线性的HSRI动态轮胎模型对轮胎侧向力进行精确估计。通过与CarSim动力学仿真软件进行联合仿真,对比分析验证所建立的软测量算法能够准确、实时的估计出电动汽车的运动参数。     

车辆行驶状态无迹卡尔曼软测量

为了有效解决电动汽车在行驶过程中的车速、质心侧偏角和横摆角速度等参数低成本测量的问题,采用无迹卡尔曼搭建了软测量算法,该算法充分考虑了电动汽车非线性的车辆运动状态估计,对于轮胎侧向力的估计采用非线性的魔术轮胎模型。最终,通过联合仿真实验方法验证了所建立的软测量算法能够准确、实时地估计出电动汽车的运动参数。     

自适应软测量算法的汽车行驶状态估计

为了实现车辆行驶状态低成本测量,设计了估计汽车行驶状态参数的传统无迹卡尔曼滤波器和能够有效解决噪声时变特性的次优Sage-Husa噪声估计器相结合算法,通过建立电动汽车3自由度的动力学模型和HSRI轮胎模型,且融合低成本测量的纵、横向加速度和方向盘转向角传感器测量信息,从而可精确估计电动汽车行驶状态.在选定的典型工况下,通过与无迹卡尔曼软测量算法进行对比,硬件在环实验结果有效地验证了自适应无迹卡尔曼软测量算法具有很好的鲁棒性,且比无迹卡尔曼软测量算法更加能够有效地估计电动汽车的行驶状态.     

基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的车辆质心侧偏角融合估计算法

针对车辆在高速紧急避让工况下质心侧偏角难以直接测量的问题,提出一种基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的质心侧偏角融合估计算法。在车辆二自由度动力学模型的基础上,提出一种轮胎侧偏刚度估计方法,构建基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波的质心侧偏角估计算法。根据质心侧偏角和车辆纵向、侧向加速度的关系,构建基于积分法的质心侧偏角估计算法;结合两种估计算法的特点,采用轮胎侧偏刚度的一阶微分表征车辆的非线性程度,设计了一种适用于不同车辆动态特性及路面条件的融合估计算法。Carsim/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,该融合估计算法在不同的车辆动态特性和不同路面条件下具有良好的估计精度和实时性,对传感器信号的噪声、误差鲁棒性强。     

四轮驱动EV自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波状态估计

针对四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车转矩控制中整车质心侧偏角等关键状态参数无法直接检测及车速等测量值易受到随机误差干扰的问题,建立四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车七自由度动力学模型,进行整车行驶状态参数滤波估计.结合抗差滤波原理及无迹粒子滤波算法,提出一种整车状态滤波估计方法.运用自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波,实现电动汽车行驶过程中纵向速度、侧向速度和质心侧偏角的准确滤波估计.搭建CarSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真实验平台对估计算法进行验证.结果表明:所搭建四轮毂电机驱动汽车动力学模型对整车行驶状态具有较高的预测精度;基于自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波算法能实现整车行驶状态估计,能有效对测量参数进行滤波,且具有较高的估计精度.     

基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的分布式驱动电动汽车车辆状态参数估计

以精确估计车辆状态参数为目标,提出了一种基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的车辆状态参数估计算法,采用非线性三自由度车辆模型,将模糊控制与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,实现对系统测量噪声的自适应调整,通过对方向盘转角,纵向加速度和横向加速度等低成本传感器信息融合实现对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的状态估计.应用CarSim与Matlab/Simulink建立分布式驱动电动汽车整车模型并且联合仿真对估计算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波比无迹卡尔曼滤波更能有效准确地进行车辆状态参数估计,在双移线工况中,质心侧偏角估计精度提高了6.7%,横摆角速度估计精度提高了4.8%.      

基于遗传粒子滤波的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法

质心侧偏角估计是汽车稳定性控制系统中的关键技术.为了解决现有估计方法对轮毂驱动电动汽车信息利用不充分、估计精度低的问题,提出一种基于遗传粒子滤波(GPF)的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法.利用魔术轮胎公式,融合轮毂驱动电动汽车车轮上驱动与制动力矩信息,建立非线性车辆动力学模型,实现轮胎纵向力与侧向力计算,完成质心侧偏角估计器的搭建.针对车辆动力学模型的强非线性及传统粒子滤波算法粒子退化、计算量大的问题,设计适用于强非线性系统并且能够有效抑制退化、减小计算量的遗传粒子滤波算法对质心侧偏角进行估计.仿真结果表明:所提出的估计方法能够提高质心侧偏角的估计精度和鲁棒性.     

基于自适应Kalman滤波的汽车横摆角速度软测量算法

利用参数软测量技术,提出了基于自适应Kalman滤波和汽车两自由度动力学模型的横摆角速度软测量算法．该算法实现了横摆角速度的线性最小均方误差估计,且可对汽车行驶过程中的系统噪声和观测噪声统计特性进行在线估计．仿真与场地试验结果对比验证了该算法的有效性,同时软测量技术的采用也为汽车状态参数测量提供了一条可行的、准确且低成本的研究思路。     

融合阻抗模型与扩展卡尔曼滤波的锂离子电池荷电状态估算

随着电动汽车(electric vehicles, EV)的发展,电池荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)估计受到越来越多关注。荷电状态的精确估计对于电动汽车的能量管理至关重要,然而,估算精度成为限制其发展的瓶颈。本文在阻抗谱分析基础上,利用恒相元件(constant phase element, CPE)导出简化的电池阻抗模型,从而建立模型的状态方程和观测方程;针对锂电池的非线性特性,引入扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filtering, EKF),通过在阻抗模型上与EKF算法的融合对锂离子电池进行SOC准确估算;建立电池测试台,通过仿真和电池动态工况试验验证。结果表明,与其他模型和EKF算法相比,所提出的SOC估算方法能有效提高SOC估算精度,并将误差控制在±1%以内,具有较好的收敛性和鲁棒性。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.