芜湖市主要叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量分析

测定了芜湖市七种叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量．结果表明不同蔬菜对硝酸盐的富集能力不同,同种蔬菜不同部位硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量不同．根据WHO／FAO规定的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐日允许摄入量换算得到的标准及中国2001年10月施行的绿色蔬菜质量标准,蔬菜样本中香菜、菠菜、生菜污染严重．     

蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的不同提取方法及含量测定

对超声提取、振荡提取、热水提取等不同的样品提取技术进行比较,选择用简便高效的超声提取技术提取蔬菜中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐.用N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺分光光度法测定亚硝酸盐含量,用镉柱还原法测定硝酸盐含量.NO2-和NO3-的回收率分别为 97.5%～100.2%和96.8%～103.7%,RSD分别为6.05%和0.24%.     

蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的来源及监控措施

蔬菜是人体维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维等营养素的重要来源,也是人体摄入硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的主要来源。摄入过多的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对人体健康危害很大。阐述了蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的来源以及对人体健康产生的危害,分析了目前检测蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的光谱法、色谱法、电化学法及快速检测方法的优缺点,并提出了控制蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的措施。     

镉柱还原法测定蔬菜中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐的含量

蔬菜中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐涉及人体健康.文章叙述了用镉柱还原法首次测定了本地区普遍食用的20余种蔬菜的硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的含量,并对人的适宜摄入量进行讨论.     

杭州市市售蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量及食用安全性评价

本研究针对杭州市市售蔬菜中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量进行污染状况调查及食用安全性评价.研究结果表明,杭州市不同城区市售蔬菜中硝酸盐含量差异明显,不同类别蔬菜硝酸盐含量大小顺序依次为叶菜类、葱蒜类、根茎类、瓜果类、茄果类;但是,杭州市不同城区市售蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量无明显差异,各城区蔬菜中均存在无法检出亚硝酸盐情况,且被检出蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量均小于1mg·kg-1.食用安全性评价结果表明,杭州城区市售葱蒜类、根茎类、瓜果类和茄果类蔬菜中硝酸盐含量以及所有蔬菜中的亚硝酸盐含量均在食用安全范围,但有部分叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量的食用安全性相对较差.因此,杭州市城区市售叶菜中硝酸盐的食用安全性问题值得引起关注.     

微波法提取酸菜中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐工艺研究

以北方传统发酵食品酸菜为原料,利用微波辅助法提取酸菜中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐.考察了料液比、提取时间、提取温度对提取酸菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的影响.实验果表明,在料液比为1∶ 10,温度为80 ℃的条件下微波提取5 min,测得酸菜中的亚硝酸盐质量比为3.95 mg/kg.该方法极大缩短了提取时间,为下一步检测奠定了基础.     

少花龙葵中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的质量分数

测定了不同发育阶段、不同部位以及不同生长环境的少花龙葵中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的质量分数.参考蔬菜中硝酸盐质量分数分级评价标准,参考我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐质量分数限量标准(以w(NaNO-2)≤4.0×10-6计),考虑到各种野菜的维生素C的质量分数,对这种野菜评价如下:营养生长期和盛果期的叶,硝酸盐质量分数低于轻度污染水平4.44×10-4,亚硝酸盐质量分数低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐质量分数的限量标准,属于一级野菜,可以安全食用;花蕾期的叶,硝酸盐质量分数低于8.07×10-4,属于中度污染水平,亚硝酸盐质量分数低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐质量分数的限量标准,属二级蔬菜范围,不宜生食,煮熟或盐渍可安全食用;初花期和初果期的叶的硝酸盐质量分数高于8.07×10-4而低于1.268×10-3,亚硝酸盐质量分数低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐质量分数的限量标准,属于三级蔬菜,不可生食和盐渍,可熟食;少花龙葵的各个发育时期的嫩茎硝酸盐质量分数高,均不可食用.     

芜湖市主要食用菌中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐污染分析

通过对芜湖市市场几种常见食用菌中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐污染情况进行调查研究,结果表明,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在食用菌中的含量因种类不同而不同,硝酸盐为蘑菇＞金针菇＞香菇＞草菇＞平菇,亚硝酸为草菇＞蘑菇＞香菇＞金针菇＞平菇。研究发现用洗洁精清洗可有效减少食用菌中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量。食用菌中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量符合蔬菜食用安全质量标准。     

蔬菜硝酸盐分布规律及其转化机理

不同种类蔬菜,硝酸盐含量以根菜类和叶菜类含量最高,茄果类、豆类和食用菌类含量最低;同种蔬菜不同年龄,年龄小的蔬菜硝酸盐含量高于年龄大的;同种蔬菜不同部位,硝酸盐含量为根>茎>叶柄>叶片。硝酸盐经硝酸还原酶作用,生成亚硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐经亚硝基化作用生成亚硝胺,这是一种强烈的致癌物。     

叶菜类不同生育期体内硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C含量的变化

作者对小白菜、菠菜和苔菜不同生育期体内硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量进行了测定。三种蔬菜不同生育期体内硝酸盐含量的变化曲线呈N形,亚硝酸盐及维生素C含量的变化曲线均呈M形。为合理确定这些蔬菜的食用时期提供了依据。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to