蝾螺β-葡萄糖苷酶性质的初步研究

以海洋蝾螺(TurboPetholatusLinnaeus)内脏为原料,经匀浆、缓冲液抽提、硫酸铵沉淀初步抽提,再经DEAE cellulose(DE 32)、SephadexG 200等柱层析纯化,获得较纯的β 葡萄糖苷酶.本文对β 葡萄糖苷酶的基本性质进行初步研究,结果表明:β 葡萄糖苷酶催化底物pNP G水解的最适pH及最适温度分别为pH5.5和45℃.β 葡萄糖苷酶在pH为4.5～6.5之间稳定.温度30℃以上则逐渐失活.其反应Km为0.076mmol/L(37℃).活化能Ea为15.4kJ/mol.金属离子对酶的作用表明,Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Pb2 有强烈的抑制作用,Fe3 ,Cd2 ,Zn2 浓度小于1.0mmol/L时,抑制较弱,但在浓度大于1.0mmol/L时,抑制明显;Mn2 ,Ca2 在低浓度下对酶活力无明显影响,但在高浓度条件下有较强抑制作用,Mg2 略有激活效应.     

黑曲霉胞外β-葡萄糖苷酶的纯化及酶学性质的研究

利用硫酸铵盐析、Superdex 200凝胶柱层析等步骤,从黑曲霉发酵液中纯化得到两种β–葡萄糖苷酶蛋白,其相对分子质量分别为1.15×105和7.0×104左右,比活力分别为62.1,U/mg(相对分子质量约为1.15×105)和53.0,U/mg(相对分子质量约为7.0×104),纯化倍数分别为1.54和1.31,回收率分别为19.6%,和19.1%,β–葡萄糖苷酶最适水解p H为4.6,最适反应温度为50~55,℃.在p H 4.2~4.8、温度40~60,℃下均能保持稳定.Mn2+、Mg2+和K+对β–葡萄糖苷酶有不同程度的激活作用,而Ca2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Cu2+和Fe2+会抑制β–葡萄糖苷酶的酶活,Na+和Ba2+对β–葡萄糖苷酶活力影响不明显.以p NPG为底物时,该酶的Km和vmax分别为2.33,mmol/L与3.14,mmol/(L·min).     

青枯雷尔氏菌龙胆酸1,2-双加氧酶基因的克隆、表达和酶性质的研究

本研究克隆、表达了青枯雷尔氏菌GMI1000菌株中编码龙胆酸1,2-双加氧酶的基因, 并通过亲和层析对该酶进行了纯化, SDS-PAGE结果表明该酶亚基约为38kDa.该酶的最适反应温度和最适pH分别为30℃和7.5.该酶的Km为56μmol/L,pI为4.6～4.8.纯化后的龙胆酸1,2-双加氧高度不稳定:4℃下放置72h即失去85%的酶活. 甘油和β-巯基乙醇可稳定该酶酶活,在添加10%(体积比)甘油至酶液(50mmol/L, pH 7.3的磷酸盐缓冲液保存)后,-20℃保藏2周后均能检出明显的酶活.0.1～1mmol/L Fe2 可以激活或者稳定该酶的酶活.Na ,K ,Mg2 和Ca2 (分别为1～2mmol/L)对该酶的酶活无明显的影响.Mn2 ,Zn2 和Fe3 的添加量超过2mmol/L时,酶活急剧下降.1mmol/L的Cu2 即使该酶失去酶活.     

固定化乳酸脱氢酶的催化性质研究

研究了固定化乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的制备和催化性质,讨论了戊二醛体积分数、酶的偶联时间、pH值对酶固定化的影响.对游离酶和固定化酶催化性质的研究结果表明:酶促反应最适pH分别为9.2和10.2,最适温度分别为51℃和50℃,米氏常数分别为16.2 mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L.与游离酶相比,固定化酶的活力稳定性更佳,有更好的贮存稳定性和复用性.     

青霉葡萄糖氧化酶的分离纯化及性质研究

从青霉(Penicillium amagasakiense)发酵液中分离纯化葡萄糖氧化酶(简称GOD),通过DEAE-32离子交换柱层析、Sephacryl S-200分子筛凝胶过滤柱层析纯化,获得比活力为472 U/mg电泳单一纯酶制剂,采用SDS-PAGE电泳,表明该酶含有两个同型的亚基,分子量为150 ku.酶学性质研究表明:该酶催化葡萄糖氧化酶反应的最适pH为5.6,最适温度为40℃.酶的热稳定性研究表明:该酶在pH 5.5～8.5区间和温度低于50℃下稳定.金属离子对酶活力的影响表明:Na+、K+、Ca2+、Pb2+、Mn2+等对酶活力基本没有影响;Al3+、Zn2+对酶有一定的激活作用;Ag+、Hg2+、Mg2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Co2+等对该酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用.该酶以葡萄糖为底物的米氏常数Km值为122.6 mmol/L,Vm为25.52 μmol/(L·min)(pH 7.0,37℃).     

黄孢原毛平革菌低温产酶条件优化及酶学性质研究

以酶活力为评价指标,在10℃对黄孢原毛平革菌产酶条件进行优化,并对其部分酶作用特性进行了研究.结果:该菌在10℃下产LiP、MnP和Lac的最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是牛肉膏,最佳培养时间是72~108 h.LiP、MnP和Lac的最适反应pH范围均为4.4~4.8,最适底物浓度是0.8~1.2 mmol/L;金属离子Cu2+,Ca2+对LiP、MnP和Lac有激活作用.Fe2+对三种酶活有一定的抑制作用;而Na+则完全抑制LiP的活性,Zn2+、Mg2+对三种酶活影响不大.     

江米酒酒醪中凝乳酶酶学性质的初步研究

对江米酒中提取纯化得到的凝乳酶的酶学性质进行了研究.结果表明,该凝乳酶反应的最适反应温度为35～40.℃,60℃保持20.min完全失活;随着pH的降低凝乳活力提高,在pH 1～7范围内稳定,最适pH为5.2;Na+、K+对其凝乳活力表现微弱的抑制作用,而NH4+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Al3+、Fe2+有明显的促进作用.离子型表面活性剂对凝乳酶活力有明显的抑制作用,非离子型表面活性剂对凝乳活力具有明显的促进作用.多羟基化合物、β-巯基乙醇及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)作为酶的修饰剂对酶活力具有不同的影响.     

油菜籽焦磷酸:果糖-6-磷酸1-磷酸转移酶的动力学研究

采用DEAE-Sephadex A-50及磷酸纤维素柱层析,用底物亲和洗脱法从萌发油菜(Brassica napus)种子中分离纯化了焦磷酸:果糖-6-磷酸1-磷酸转移酶(PFP).纯化倍数679.7倍,比活力为21.75 单位/毫克.蛋白,活力回收率22.9%.酶的最适pH值为7.5,Mg2+和M2+n对酶有激活作用.进行酶的初级动力学及稳态动力学研究,对果糖-6-磷酸(F6P)表现为典型的米氏规律,Km值为3.33 mmol/L;对焦磷酸(PPi)的活力变化,在PPi浓度小于1.0 mmol/L时具有部分米氏酶特点(Km＝1.0 mmol/L),大于1.0 mmol/L时,PPi对酶有抑制作用.从两底物F6P和PPi的相互作用以及产物磷酸(Pi)与底物(F6P和PPi)的相互关系分析,初步推断油菜籽PFP的催化反应为双底物双产物的有序机制.     

鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化和性质研究

以杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)内脏为原料,经Tris HCl缓冲液(pH 7.5,含0.1mol/L NaCl)抽提,正丁醇处理,硫酸铵分级沉淀分离,DE 32离子交换、Sephadex G 150分子筛、DE 32纯化,得到电泳单一纯的碱性磷酸酶制剂,比活力为1 226 U/mg.酶学性质和动力学性质研究表明:该酶催化对硝基苯磷酸水解反应的最适 pH值为 10.08,最适温度为48℃.米氏常数Km 值为0.80 mmol/L,Vm 值为20.1 mmol/L·min-1(pH 10.0,37℃).酶的热稳定性研究表明:该酶在pH 7~11区间和在温度低于55℃下稳定.金属离子对酶活力的影响结果表明:Li+、Na+和K+对酶活力没有影响,Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Mn2+和Co2+对酶有不同程度的激活作用,而Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Hg2+、Ag+、Bi2+和Pb2+等对酶起抑制作用.     

钝顶螺旋藻Fe-SOD的纯化及性质

以螺旋藻中分离纯化的Fe-SOD平均比活为4576U/mg，总活力回收率50%，纯度达电泳纯，SDS-PAGE测定纯化的Fe-SOD亚基相对分子质量为21ku，每分子亚基含0.7个Fe原子；在Tris-盐到缓冲液中的最适pH为8.2，最适温度为25℃，在紫外区279nm有最大光吸收，酶的pH稳定范围为6～11，65℃以上迅速的失活，该酶对H2O2敏感，在5mmol/L H2O2中迅速失活，而在Ψ=0.1的乙腈和5mmol/L叠氮化钠中稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.