一种用于锁相环的正反馈互补型电荷泵电路

给出了一种新型的互补型电荷泵电路．采用正反馈技术,电路由CSMC1．2μm CMOS工艺实现,可工作在2V的低电压下．Spectre仿真结果显示,电荷泵的工作频率为100MHz时,功耗为0．08mW,输出信号的电压范围宽(0～2V),电路速度快,波形平滑,抖动小,在不增加电路功耗的前提下消除了传统电荷泵电路的电压跳变现象．该电荷泵电路可以很好地应用于低电源电压、高频锁相环电路．     

锁相环中低电流失配电荷泵的设计

提出了一种应用于低供电电压低相位噪声锁相环系统的低电流失配的电荷泵电路。仿真结果表明,输出电压0．4V～1．3V范围内。电荷泵上下电流失配小于1％,满足低供电电压锁相环系统对电荷泵的要求。电路采用中芯国际0．18μm标准数字工艺参数仿真。     

一种可用于高性能锁相环的CMOS电荷泵

文章提出了一种可用于高性能锁相环的CMOS电荷泵,电路采用电流舵技术来缩短切换时间,通过降低差分对管栅电压的变化速率,显著地减小了毛刺,使输出电流波形更平滑、输出电压谐波分量更低,该电路同时还消除了死区现象;最后用CMOS电荷泵与一种典型电荷泵作仿真结果对比,突出了CMOS电路的优点。     

恒定、匹配的大电流输出电荷泵电路

用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种应用于5 GHz锁相环型频率合成器中的电荷泵电路.该电路运用单位增益运放电路和自偏置共源共栅电流源电路实现了充放电流的高度匹配.充分利用单位增益运放电路减小电荷泵输出端的电荷共享现象,使电荷泵电路结构较简单并减小了功耗.Spectre后仿真表明,在电源1.8 V、输出电压0.5-1.3 V,充放电流失配率小于0.8%,电流绝对值偏移率小于0.6%,最大功耗8.53 mW.     

一种应用于射频接收机的电流舵电荷泵设计

电荷泵锁相环(charge pump phase-locked loop, CPPLL)作为频率合成器(frequency synthesizer, FS),广泛应用于接收机中来提供低杂散、低噪声、高频谱纯度的本振(local oscillator, LO)信号。电荷泵(charge pump, CP)作为关键模块之一,其存在的非理想效应以及失配会带来更高相位噪声影响锁相环(phase-locked loop, PLL)频率综合器输出本振的频谱纯度。基于台积电(Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company,TSMC ) 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,采用电流舵电荷泵结构并加入泄漏电流模块设计了一款低电流失配率、低相位噪声的电荷泵电路,较好地克服了传统电荷泵所存在的非理想效应,使整个电荷泵电路的相位噪声保持在较低的水平。利用Cadence Spectre对电荷泵的整体性能进行仿真。仿真结果表明,供电电压为1.8 V时,电荷泵电流为31.71 μA,最大相位噪声为-230 dBc/Hz,在0.4~1.4 V输出电压范围内最大电流失配率仅有0.22%。     

一个1.2 V用于超宽带收发器的低抖动锁相环

设计了一款应用于超宽带无线收发器中的低抖动、低功耗、多相位输出、输出频率为528MHz和132 MHz的锁相环,包括了高频特性好的鉴频鉴相器、低电压抗抖动的电荷泵、经典的低电压对称负载差分延迟单元以及duty-buffer的双转单电路等.设计采用SMIC 0.13μm CMOS工艺,电源电压1.2 V.对电路进行了电路级仿真和系统级稳定性分析,并完成了版图设计和后仿.根据后仿结果,在TT@75℃、振荡频率为528 MHz情况下,周期抖动的p2p值为1 ps,功耗仅为4 mW.     

一种电流求和型的低功耗Bandgap电压基准源

为满足标准P阱CMOS工艺要求 ,设计了一种新的电流求和型Bandgap电压基准电路 ,实现了相对于地的稳定电压输出 ,并且能提供多电压基准输出 .电路采用 0 6μmUMCP阱CMOS工艺验证 ,HSPICE模拟结果表明 :电路输出基准电压为 80 0mV ;在 - 40～ 85℃的温度变化范围内 ,电路温度系数仅为 1 4× 1 0 -6/℃ ;电源电压为 3 5V时 ,电路功耗低 ,消耗电流仅为 1 5 μA .该电路不需改变现有工艺 ,输出灵活 ,有望在多基准电压的低功耗系统中获得较广泛的应用     

锁相环高性能电荷泵电路的设计

设计了一种新型电荷泵电路,该电路采用了差分反相器,可工作在2 V的低电压下,具有速度快、波形平滑、结构简单、功耗低等特点.HSpice仿真结果显示,电荷泵的工作频率为10 MHz时,功耗仅为0.1 mW,输出信号的电压范围宽(0~2 V).该电路可广泛应用于差分低功耗锁相环电路中.     

1.8 V千兆以太网收发器低抖动时钟电路

采用新型的高速鉴频鉴相器(TSPC)、典型的抗抖动的电荷泵和对称负载差分延迟单元,设计了0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺、1.8 V工作电压的锁相环,经过系统稳定性验证和spice仿真,125 MHz的最大时钟输出在(75℃@TT)情况下,具有±3σ=70 ps左右的long-term低抖动.同时,在3种不同工艺下施加0.1 Vpeak-peak正弦电源噪声时,对电路的工作情况进行了仿真,均能很好满足电路设计的要求(对于1000 Base-T,Δt=8 ns/16=500 ps,根据时钟恢复算法的仿真,较严格peak-peak抖动要求约为(2%～3%)×baud=160～240 ps).     

一种高速低相位噪声锁相环的设计

设计了一种1．8V、SMIC0．18μm工艺的低噪声高速锁相环电路．通过采用环行压控振荡器,节省了芯片面积和成本．通过采用差分对输入形式的延时单元,很好地抑制了电源噪声．与传统的简单差分对反相器延时单元相比,该结构通过采用钳位管和正反馈管,实现了输出节点电位的快速转变,整个电路芯片测试结果表明：在输入参考频率为20MHz、电荷泵电流为40μA、带宽为100kHz时,该锁相环可稳定输出频率为7971MHz—1．272GHz的时钟信号,且在中心频率500kHz频编处相位噪声可减小至-94．3dBc／Hz。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to