250 MHz 时钟产生电路中低抖动锁相环的仿真与设计

提出了一种基于行为级的锁相环(PLL)抖动仿真方法.分析了压控振荡器的相位噪声、电源和地噪声以及控制线纹波对输出抖动的影响.采用全摆幅的差分环路振荡器、全反馈的缓冲器以及将环路滤波器的交流地连接到电源端等措施,减小了PLL的输出抖动.给出了一个采用1st silicon 0.25μm标准CMOS工艺设计的250 MHz时钟产生电路中低抖动锁相环的实例.在开关电源和电池供电2种情况下,10分频输出(25 MHz)的绝对抖动峰峰值分别为358 ps和250 ps.测试结果表明该行为级仿真方法可以较好地对PLL的输出抖动做出评估.     

低耗能流水线模数转换器的运算放大器设计与仿真

基于0.13,μm工艺,设计一个用于1.2,V低电压电源的10比特83MSPS流水线模数转换器的两级运算放大器.该放大器采用折叠共源共栅为第一级输入级结构,共源为第二级输出结构.详细介绍了运算放大器的设计思路、指标确定方法及调试中遇到的问题和解决方法.模拟结果显示:该运算放大器开环直流增益可达79.25,dB,在负载电容为2,pF时的单位增益频率达到838 MHz,在1.2,V低电压下输出摆幅满足设计要求,高达1 V,满足了10比特低电压高速度高精度模数转换器的要求.     

高抗电源噪声的低时钟抖动VCO设计

设计了一种基于电流舵逻辑(CSL)架构的环型压控振荡器(VCO),对传统的共源共栅结构偏置电路作了进一步的改善,增加了一个电压增益较大的放大器构成有源负反馈,以提高抗电源噪声的能力.采用和舰0.18μm双阱CMOS工艺对传统结构VCO和改进后的VCO进行对比仿真,在频率为20MHz、峰-峰值为200mV的高频电源噪声下,传统结构VCO的峰-峰抖动和均方根抖动分别为54.135ps和19.454ps,而改进结构VCO的相应值分别为27.442ps和9.196ps,抗抖动性能大大提高.改进结构VCO的输出频率为650MHz,占空比约为52%,中心控制电压0.9V对应的增益为962.16MHz/V,线性度良好,在1.8V的直流电源下功耗仅为0.7mW左右.     

高速SerDes电路中电荷泵锁相环的设计

面向高速串行接口应用，设计一款低噪声、快速锁定的高性能锁相环电路，作为5 Gbit· s-1数据率的SerDes发射芯片的时钟源。该设计通过锁存RESET方式增加延迟时间，以减小鉴频鉴相器的死区效应，降低锁相环整体电路的杂散；其压控振荡器采用4 bit二进制开关电容的方法，将输出频率划分为16个子频带，以获得较大的输出频率范围，同时又不增加压控振荡器的增益；在SMIC 55 nm工艺下完成锁相环电路版图设计，核心芯片面积为054 mm2。后仿真结果表明:输出频率覆盖46~56 GHz，1 MHz频偏处的相位噪声在-110 dBc·Hz-1 附近。测试结果显示，RMS 抖动和峰峰值抖动分别为287 ps和134 ps，整体电路功耗为37 mW。     

宽带ADC低抖动时钟驱动电路的分析与设计

提出采用小信号模型对时钟驱动电路中由热噪声引起的时钟抖动进行分析,并提出采用多级准无穷负载差分放大器结构以有效地实现低抖动.通过Cadence Spectre RF的瞬态噪声仿真,可以得到时钟抖动值,在输入频率变化时将仿真结果与手工推导的结果相比较,推导的公式能较好地预测时钟驱动电路的时钟抖动.设计的时钟驱动电路达到了输入频率100 MHz、幅度为480 mV下时钟抖动仅为193 fs,可以应用于高性能模数转换器.     

可用于快速稳定PLL的低时钟抖动VCO设计

设计了一种基于电流控制逻辑（CSL）架构的650MHz环型压控振荡器(VCO),对传统的共源共栅结构偏置电路作了进一步的改善,加了一个电压增益较大的放大器构成有源负反馈以提高抗电源噪声的能力.同时也提出了一种阻尼因子控制电路结构,使该VCO可用于快速稳定的锁相环(PLL).该VCO采用和舰0.18μm双阱CMOS工艺仿真,在频率为20MHz、峰—峰值为200mV的高频电源噪声下,其峰-峰抖动和RMS抖动分别为22.649ps和7.793ps。该VCO输出频率为650MHz,占空比约为52%,增益(Kvco)为925.88MHz/V,线性度良好,在1.8V的直流电源下功耗约为0.7mw。     

一种基于电平位移电路的低电压全摆幅CMOS运放

为解决阈值电压对电源电压和输入信号的受限问题,提出一种实用的电平位移电路,为运放的输入级提供良好的电平位移。采用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)0.5μm工艺设计的低电压全摆幅CMOS运算放大器,中间级采用适合低电压工作的低压宽摆幅共源共栅结构,输出级采用传统的Class A类得到轨至轨的输出。采用Hspice软件对所设计的电路进行仿真。研究结果表明:当电源电压降至或者小于NMOS与PMOS的阈值电压之和时,在任何共模输入电压下,该运放都能正常工作,实现输入级的全摆幅和恒跨导;在1.3 V单电源供电情形下直流开环增益达106.5 dB,单位增益带宽为2.3 MHz,功耗178.8μW。电路结构简单紧凑,具有实用的电平位移功能,适合于低电压应用。     

锁相环高性能电荷泵电路的设计

设计了一种新型电荷泵电路,该电路采用了差分反相器,可工作在2 V的低电压下,具有速度快、波形平滑、结构简单、功耗低等特点.HSpice仿真结果显示,电荷泵的工作频率为10 MHz时,功耗仅为0.1 mW,输出信号的电压范围宽(0~2 V).该电路可广泛应用于差分低功耗锁相环电路中.     

一种用于锁相环的正反馈互补型电荷泵电路

给出了一种新型的互补型电荷泵电路．采用正反馈技术,电路由CSMC1．2μm CMOS工艺实现,可工作在2V的低电压下．Spectre仿真结果显示,电荷泵的工作频率为100MHz时,功耗为0．08mW,输出信号的电压范围宽(0～2V),电路速度快,波形平滑,抖动小,在不增加电路功耗的前提下消除了传统电荷泵电路的电压跳变现象．该电荷泵电路可以很好地应用于低电源电压、高频锁相环电路．     

低抖动高线性压控振荡器设计与仿真分析

设计一种应用于锁相环(PLL)电路的压控振荡器(VCO).该电路采用浮空电容结构,相对传统接地电容结构,可提高电容充放电幅值,减小时钟抖动.快速电平检测电路,使电路在未采用反馈和补偿的前提下,减小环路延时,从而实现高线性.电路采用CSMC 0.6 μm CMOS标准工艺库实现.仿真结果表明:振荡频率为0.79,24,30 MHz时的相位噪声达到-128,-122,-120 dBc·Hz^-1@1 MHz.通过调节外接电阻电容,使得电路在3~6 V电源电压下,输出100.0~3.0×10⁷ MHz的矩形波,电路兼具低相位噪声和高线性特性.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to