高压静电法制备蛋白类药物微胶囊

探索了将高压静电法用于制备蛋白药的可能性，选用牛血清白蛋白为芯材，海藻酸钙-壳聚糖为壁材进行了微胶囊化研究，并对芯材／壁材的比例、壳聚糖浓度及微胶囊释放情况进行了研究．结果表明，此方法制备的牛血清白蛋白微胶囊不但形状圆整、粒径分布均匀，而且有较高的包封率和载药量，是一种很好的制备蛋白类药物微胶囊的方法．     

含萃取剂微胶囊的制备及萃取苯酚的研究

本文研究了含萃取剂的聚酰胺微胶囊的制备，并将微胶囊用于从含酚水相中萃取苯酚，探讨了各种条件对萃取效率的影响。所得结论对于微胶囊处理工业含酚废水技术的应用提供了有利的依据。     

α－淀粉酶的微胶囊化与酶缓释的研究

用乙基纤维素微胶囊包埋α－淀粉酶，研究了膜相乙基纤维素浓度、芯材与膜相体积比、明胶浓度和干燥温度对芯材包坦率及微胶囊粒径分布的影响。根据芯材释放动力学方程探讨了α－淀粉酶通过微胶囊壁微孔的缓释性能，测定了渗透系数。     

双歧联菌株微胶囊的制备条件

研究了双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备条件，以ESMⅡ为囊材，以95％的乙醇为囊材溶剂，提高了微胶囊的安全性。确定了ESMⅡ的最佳浓度为8％，并进一步确定了复合囊材中所添加辅料的浓度和操作条件。在此条件下制备的双歧联菌株微胶囊具有良好的耐酸性和肠溶性。     

相变微胶囊对绝热喷雾吸收过程中热质传递特性的影响

通过在吸收工质中加入相变微胶囊，提高工质的有效热容，进而减少溶液循环量和雾化功耗。建立了溴化锂溶液绝热喷雾吸收模型，分析了相变微胶囊对绝热喷雾吸收过程的雾化功耗与吸收时间的影响。研究结果显示：相变微胶囊的加入有助于减少相同制冷量下雾化功耗，但同时需要更长的吸收时间。     

香精微胶囊的质量评价指标

香精微胶囊化是微胶囊技术的一个典型应用，现代社会各种香精微胶囊加香产品已经渗透到人们生活的各个角落。对现阶段微胶囊的评价指标以及测定方法进行评述和分析，重点介绍了微胶囊的形态结构、粒径大小、包埋率等指标以及一些新的测定方法，为香精微胶囊制备和评价提供一定参考。     

山苍籽油纳米微胶囊的制备及性能研究

为对山苍籽油纳米微胶囊的应用提供参考，采用复凝聚法以山苍籽油(Litsea Cubeba Oil,LCO)为芯材，壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)为壁材，以三聚磷酸钠(TPP)为固化交联剂，通过冷冻干燥，制备出了LCO/CS纳米微胶囊，采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、热重分析仪对LCO/CS纳米微胶囊的表面结构、包埋效果以及热稳定性进行了研究.结果表明：(1)复凝聚法可有效包裹LCO，包埋率为25%; LCO/CS纳米微胶囊的粒径为450 nm，经干燥后为白色粉末状，具有山苍籽的特殊香气；其堆积密度为0.166 7 g/cm³，压实效果较好，可以在较小的空间里具有较大的存放量；休止角为31.72°，黏度较小，流动性良好；(2)扫描电镜显示LCO/CS纳米微胶囊呈现不规则球状，表面有塌陷现象；(3)热重结果显示LCO/CS纳米微胶囊的热释放温度在280～700℃，与LCO比较，LCO/CS纳米微胶囊具有较好的热稳定性；(4)缓释实验结果表明，随着温度升高，LCO/CS纳米微胶囊在空气中的释放速率增大.以上研究表明，山苍籽油纳米微胶囊在食品、日化和纺织等方...     

分散染料微胶囊/活性染料涤棉一浴法染色工艺初探

采用原位聚合法对分散染料进行双层造壁，制得分散染料微胶囊并应用于分散染料微胶囊／活性染料涤棉一浴法染色．通过改变染色条件中的浴比、染色温度、保温时间，研究分散染料微胶囊／活性染料涤棉织物的一浴法染色新工艺，并得出最佳染色工艺条件．     

电泳显示双层微胶囊的制备

以尿素-甲醛原位聚合法与明胶-阿拉伯胶复凝聚法相结合制备了电泳显示双层微胶囊．考察了系统调节剂、搅拌速度、pH值和加醛方式对单层微胶囊粒径分布及表面形貌的影响，以及双层微胶囊与单层脲醛树脂微胶囊在干燥过程中的破损率．实验结果表明，以明胶为系统调节剂，pH值为3．0—3．5，采用滴加方式加入甲醛制备的单层脲醛树脂微胶囊，囊壁透明、光滑、球形度好；单层脲醛树脂微胶囊包覆明胶后制备的双层微胶囊壁材强度和韧性有显著提高．     

造纸法薄片料液的微胶囊化及其在加热不燃烧卷烟中的应用

为了制备造纸法薄片料液微胶囊并研究其在加热不燃烧卷烟中的缓释效果，先对料液的挥发性香味成分进行分析，然后采用复凝聚法制备微胶囊及其理化特性的表征，最后研究微胶囊在加热不燃烧卷烟中不同材料段的缓释效果.结果表明：(1)造纸法薄片料液共有21种香味挥发性物质，其中有13种易挥发性，表明料液具有较强挥发性.(2)红外谱图的峰型表明料液被成功包埋；热重曲线表明，微胶囊中料液快速损失的温度较单独料液提高近170℃，因壁材提高其热稳定性，减少挥发.(3)微胶囊平均粒径240 nm，包埋率34.11%，放置7 d后的水分质量分数为9.37%；外观为淡淡的金黄色粉末，由扫描电子显微镜图可知其结构致密，囊壁表面较为光滑，近似椭球状.(4)加香缓释实验结果表明微胶囊添加在烟草段且添加量为0.015 g/支的效果最好，不仅增加香气量，缓释效果明显，而且刺激性明显降低，劲头提高，余味回甜，为微胶囊技术在加热不燃烧卷烟中的应用提供了理论基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to