Genetic variations of glycinin subunit genes among cultivated and wild type soybean species

Glycinin is a predominant storage protein in most soybean accessions. It is a hexamer constituted by five major subunits, which can be classified into two groups. Group I contains G1, G2 and G3, and Group II contains G4 and G5. The genes encoding these subunits have been designated from Gy1 to Gy5 , respectively. In the present study, Gy1 genomic fragments were cloned from wild accessions of subgenera Glycine glycine, Glycine soja and a cultivar of Glycine max . Their sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared. The residues critical for assembling of G1 subunits from the wild perennial accession were conservative. The Gy4 fragments were cloned from two wild perennial accessions and compared with that from subgenus Soja . The intron 3 of Gy4 had abundant variations between the subgenera G. soja and G. glycine as well as within the subgenus G. glycine. Abundant variations existed in the disordered regions 3 and 4 of G4 subunits from two wild perennial accessions. The genomic organization of glycinin genes was analyzed in 19 accessions from subgenera Soja and Glycine . The hybridization patterns were identical among the accessions of subgenus Soja. On the contrary, abundant polymorphisms existed between the accessions from subgenus Glycine . These results indicated that glycinin genes have high degree of conservation within subgenus Soja but more variations within subgenus Glycine .     

中国多年生野生大豆Glycine亚属rbcS基因的结构和系统发生的研究

用PCR法从我国多年生野生大豆Glycine亚属的烟豆 (GlycinetabacinaBenth .)和多毛豆 (短绒野大豆GlycinetomentellaHayata)的总DNA中扩增到Rubisco小亚基基因 (rbcS) ,2个基因的顺序分析结果表明它们包含了 5 37bp长的编码区 ,其编码的 178肽的Rubisco小亚基前体由 5 5个氨基酸组成的前导肽和 12 3个氨基酸组成的成熟肽组成 .基因内有 2个内含子 .比较Glycine亚属内烟豆和多毛豆之间的rbcS间碱基同源性为94 5 % ,差别主要存在于内含子中 ;Soja亚属的G .soja和G .max之间该基因同源性高达 99 7% ,而Glycine亚属和Soja两亚属之间rbcS同源性则为 84 8% .从这 2个亚属内 4个种的rbcS成熟肽 12 3个氨基酸顺序可知 ,同一亚属内 2个种之间仅有 2～ 3个氨基酸不同 ,而Glycine亚属和Soja亚属之间差异增大至 5～ 6个氨基酸 .系统进化树分析也表明Glycine亚属与Soja亚属在进化过程中分离较早 ,这从分子水平上为大豆属的分类研究提供了科学的依据 .     

不同纬度野生大豆种群间的遗传变异

选用了经初步筛选的２０个短随机序列引物和２个长随机序列引物对５个不同纯度来源的野生大豆进行了ＤＮＡ随机扩增,其中有１９个引物扩增出多态性片段,区获得７０个ＲＡＰＤ多态性片段,平均每个引物３．６８条,运用自编的计算机程序对扩增进行聚类分析。     

土壤重金属Cd胁迫对大蒜和大豆幼苗生长的影响

研究了Cd污染胁迫对大蒜和大豆生长状况的影响.研究结果表明:中高浓度Cd对两种农作物根系长度影响差异并不显著且根系长度与土壤中Cd处理浓度均呈明显的负对数相关性,表明大蒜和大豆对Cd均具有较高的抗性.从两种农作物的生长高度和根系的干重生物量对Cd胁迫反应来看,大蒜对Cd污染胁迫的反应比大豆要敏感.大蒜叶片干重及大豆根系鲜重对Cd处理浓度的反应进一步证实了这一结论,这可能与两种植物对Cd的抗性机制有所差异有关.     

野生二粒小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基等位变异分析

本研究采用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）方法,对从国内外引进的175份野生二粒小麦（Triticum dicoccoides）种质资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）Glu1-等位基因组成进行了鉴定和分析.结果表明,175份野生二粒小麦中,Glu-1B位点上的HMW-GS有32种变异类型,比普通面包小麦Glu-1B位点编码的HMW-GS的变异类型丰富得多,其中7＋8和14.1＋15.1亚基分布频率最高（占20.00%）;Glu-1A位点编码的HMW-GS有4种变异类型：1、1^＊、2^＊和Null,一共鉴定了10个新的高分子量亚基.这些新的亚基和等位基因有可能成为面包小麦品质改良的候选基因资源.     

Structure of a family of rat amylase genes

The sequences of two cloned rat pancreatic amylase cDNAs comprising 95% of the mRNA sequence are reported. Analysis of cloned rat genomic DNA fragments using cloned cDNA probes indicates that the rat genome contains multiple closely related amylase genes in which the cDNA sequences are distributed within a region 9 kilobases in length and are interrupted by at least seven intervening sequences.     

HMW glutenin subunits in multiploidAegilops species: composition analysis and molecular cloning of coding sequences

The Aegilops genus contains species closely related to wheat. In common with wheat, Aegilops species accumulate high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits in their endospermic tissue. In this study, we investigated the composition of HMW glutenin subunits in four multiploid Aegilops species using SDS-PAGE analysis. Furthermore, by working with Ae. ventricosa, we established an efficient genomic PCR condition for simultaneous amplification of DNA sequences coding for either x- or y-type HMW glutenin subunits from polyploid Aegilops species. Using the genomic PCR condition, we amplified and subsequently cloned two DNA fragments that may code for HMW glutenin subunits in Ae. ventricosa. Based on an analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences, we concluded that the two cloned sequences encode one x- and one y-type of HMW glutenin subunit, respectively.     

RAPD技术对东北地区大豆的初步研究

采用ＲＡＰＤ技术对东北地区不同类型大豆共３２份材料进行了分析，以野生种０１６５０，半野生种０１７７１和栽培种吉林２１号大豆的基因组ＤＮＡ为模板，对Ｏｐｅｒｏｎ公司的Ａ，Ｆ，ＧＨ和Ｋ组共１００个随机引物进行了筛选，依据扩增结果选用了１９个引物对３２份大豆材料进行了扩增，所获得的８２个多态片段可将供试材料全部区分开。     

金华地区野生大豆小种群的分子生态学研究

为了阐明小地区范围内野生大豆种群的遗传分化情况,应用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,对浙江金华地区５个一年生野生大豆种群,进行了分子生态学研究。用根据ＲＡＰＤ数据计算得 Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ指数估计了５个野生大豆种群的遗传多样性。发现大部分的遗传变异存在于野生大豆种群间,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群内。     

Genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and evolutionary relationship among ecotypes of Glycine max and G. soja in China

The knowledge of origin and evolution of cultivated soybeans is one of the basic issues in both biology and agronomy of the crop. In order to investigate the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and genetic relationship among geographic ecotypes of cultivated （Glycine max） and wild （G. soja） soybeans, the allelic profiles at 60 nuclear simple-sequence repeat （nuSSR） loci and 11 chloroplastic SSR （cpSSR） loci evenly distributed on whole genome of 393 landraces and 196 wild accessions from nation-wide growing areas in China were analyzed. （i） The genetic diversity of the wild soybean was obviously larger than that of the cultivated soybean, with their nuSSR and cpSSR alleles as 1067 vs. 980 and 57 vs 44, respectively. Of the 980 nuclear alleles detected in the cultivated soybean, 377 new ones （38.5%） emerged, while of the 44 chloroplastic alleles in the cultivated soybean, seven new ones （15.9%） emerged after domestication. （ii） Among the cultivated geographic ecotypes, those from southern China, including South-Central China, Southwest China and South China possessed relatively great genetic diversity than those from northern China, while among the wild geographic ecotypes, the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype showed the highest genetic diversity. （iii） The analysis of molecular variance, association analysis between geographic grouping and molecular marker clustering and analysis of specific-present alleles of ecotypes demonstrated that the geographic differentiation of both cultivated and wild soybeans associated with their genetic differentiation, or in other words, had their relevant genetic bases. （iv） The cluster analysis of all accessions clearly showed that the wild accessions from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys and South-Central ＆ Southwest China had relatively small genetic distances with all cultivated accessions. The UPGMA dendrogram among geographic ecotypes further showed that the genetic distances between all cultivated ecotypes and the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype were smaller than those with other wild ones, including their local wild counterparts. Therefore, it is inferred that the wild ancestors in southern China, especially those from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys might be the common ancestor of all the cultivated soybeans.     

Identification of a single promoter in E. coli for rplJ, rplL and rpoBC.

A set of restriction fragments cloned into phage lambda vectors has allowed us to locate a site necessary for full rpoBC expression. We find that these genes for the two large subunits of RNA polymerase and the genes, rplL and rplJ, for two ribosomal proteins, form a single operon.     

栽培和野生大豆核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶的结晶及其大小亚基等电聚焦分析

栽培大豆和野生大豆叶片的蛋白抽提液经硫酸铵盐析、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－５０柱层析以及浓缩透析等步骤,分别得到核酮糖－１,５－二磷酸羟化酶（简称Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ）的结晶．经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ酶标抗体技术鉴定证实为Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ．用ＩＥＦ－ＰＡＧＥ方法分析这２种不同进化类型大豆的Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ 大小亚基,发现其具有高度同源性     

Genetic diversity and geographic pattern of wild lotus （Nelumbo nucifera） in Heilongjiang Province

1MATERIALS AND METHODS1.1PLANT MATERIALS FROM AUGUST TO SEPTEMBER IN2004,WE TRAVELED EX-TENSIVELY IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE LOOKING FOR THE WILD LOTUS.THE WILD LOTUS WAS FOUND AT40LOCALITIES AND49ACCESSIONS OF SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AT THESE LOCALITIES(FIG…     

甘蓝型油菜和Lesquerella fendleri fad2基因片段克隆及hpRNA植物表达载体的构建

首先利用PCR从甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)和Lesquerella fendleri基因组DNA中分别扩增出Δ12-脂肪酸去饱和酶fad2基因片段,再以扩增出的片段为模板设计引物从一端扩增出相应的小片段,然后将同一基因的大小片段反向连接,插入到种子特异表达载体2300-nap多克隆位点的napin启动子和nos终止子之间,构建成可以在种子中转录表达发夹RNA(Hairpin RNA,hpRNA)结构的植物表达载体.     

西藏石榴野生群体的SSR遗传多样性分析

【目的】调查西藏地区野生石榴种质资源,分析西藏野生石榴群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为野生石榴资源的保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】使用13对SSR引物对3个自然群体共42份西藏地区野生石榴种质资源材料DNA进行PCR扩增,毛细管电泳检测扩增片段长度,使用GenAlEx和Arlequin等软件对SSR数据进行分析。【结果】13对引物共检测到44个等位基因,平均3.385个,引物的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、香农信息指数(I)、期望杂合度(H_e)和多态信息量(PIC)分别为1.971、0.771、0.481和0.393。3个野生群体的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、平均香农信息指数(I)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为1.867、0.646和0.421,林芝b(LZb)群体的遗传多样性水平高于其他2个群体。AMOVA分析表明,群体内遗传变异高达88.43%,3个群体间的遗传分化系数(F_st)为0.116。种质聚类分析将供试种质划分为3个亚群,结果与种质地理来源具有一定关联性。遗传结构分析显示西藏野生石榴有4个可能的基因库来源。【结论】13对SSR引物可用于西藏野生石榴种质的遗传多样性等研究。西藏野生石榴种质的遗传变异主要存在于群体内;林芝b(LZb)群体遗传多样性最高,遗传结构复杂,且含有最多的野生种质采样点,可予以优先保护。     

A five-fold pig bacterial artificial chromosome library: a resource for positional cloning and physical mapping

A pig BAC library was constructed with genomic DNA from a male Erhualian pig. After partial digestion with Hind III or BamH I the fragments obtained were cloned into the pBeloBAC11 vector. The library consists of 184320 clones which stored in 480 pieces 384-well plates (20 plates per superpool). A two-step 4-dimension PCR screening system was established to screen the positive clones. An average insert size of 128 kb was estimated from 105 randomly isolated clones, which indicates that the library is more than five times of genomic coverage. For the demonstration of the probability to pick out any unique genes or DNA markers from the library, 10 single-copy genes were screened out and the positive clones were yielded between 1 and 8 with an average of 3.6. Positive superpools were obtained for 32 microsatellite markers selected from different regions of pig genome. The number of positive superpools for each marker varies from 1 to 9 with an average of 4.78. This BAC library provides an additional resource for pig physical mapping and gene identification.     

玉米候选抗病相关基因片段的克隆

根据已经克隆的植物抗病基因和候选抗病基因的保守序列P-loop、Kinase-2及GLPLAL设计一系列简并引物，利用同源序列扩增法，对玉米的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增，并对5个扩增产物的克隆进行测序．测序结果在Gen—Bank内进行BLAST检索，发现A9克隆序列与玉米BAC库中的206C17克隆的部分序列有很高的相似性，并且距离GenBank内注册的玉米抗锈病基因rpl位点中的rpl-3基因、rpl-4基因分别约有66Kb、20Kb，且A9克隆序列在玉米基因组中是单拷贝的．这为玉米抗锈病性状的分子标记辅助选择和抗锈病基因的克隆奠定了良好的基础。     

Rational design of glycerol dehydratase： Swapping the genes encoding the subunits of glycerol dehydratase to improve enzymatic properties

1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is an important material for chemical industry,and there has been always much interest in the production of 1,3-PD using all possible routes. The genes encoding glyc-erol dehydratase (GDHt) from Citrobacter freundii,Klebsiella pneumoniae and metagenome were cloned and expressed in E. coli. All glycerol dehy-dratases but the one from metagenome could be detected to show enzyme activities. In order to im-prove the enzymatic properties of GDHts,the genes encoding α and β-γ subunits were cloned,and the enzyme characteristics were evolved by rational de-sign based on their 3D structures which were con-structed by homology modeling. Six heteroenzymes were obtained by swapping the α subunit genes of these three different-source-derived GDHts. The pH,thermal stability and Vmax of some heteroenzymes were dramatically improved by 2―5 times compared with the wild one (GDHtKP). The GDHt cloned from metagenome,originally proved to be with no enzyme activity,was converted into active enzyme by swap-ping its subunits with other different GDHts. In addi-tion,the effect of subtle 3D structural changes on the properties of the enzyme was also observed.     

Genetic mapping of telomere-associated sequences in soybean ( Glycine max )

Two telomere-associated sequences (TAS), named STAS8 and STAS10, were cloned from soybean genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Southern analysis showed that they were sequences with moderate copy number in soybean genome. Sequence analysis demonstrated that STAS10 had tandemly arrayed con sensus sequences of TTTAGGG and TIAGGG . The mapping of these two TAS was performed with a population of F8 re combinant inbred line using restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP). Seven out of nine polymorphic fragments were mapped to the most distal position of five linkage groups, Dla, F, G2, H and Q of soybean, and the other two loci were closely linked and mapped to two interstitial positions within linkage group D1a. The mapping of TAS in soybean is essential for completeness of a molecular genetic map of soybean.