Glu-1不同位点对晋南小麦部分烘烤品质性状的效应分析

通过测定晋南麦区近十年来主要推广的38份小麦骨干品种的HMW-GS组成及其GMP含量、膨胀势、降落值及直链淀粉含量,分析了Glu-1不同位点对部分烘烤品质性状的作用情况.结果 表明,Glu-1位点对膨胀势的作用以1A位点的加性效应为主;对直链淀粉含量的作用表现为以1A和1D的加性效应为主.对降落值的作用以1B×1D的互作效应为主,伴有其他位点间的互作.对GMP的作用以1A的加性效应为主,对GMP/pro的作用表现为以1A和1B的加性效应为主.     

野生二粒小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成的多态性研究

对来自以色列的38份野生二粒小麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(high molecular weight glutenin subunits,HMW-GS)组成进行SDS-PAGE检测,发现其HMW-GS具有较高的遗传多样性.在Glu-A1和Glu-B1位点共有18种可确定的亚基变异类型.其中,A1位点上的亚基1、2*(出现频率分别为60.53%和13.16%)和B1位点上的亚基13+16、14+15与17+18为优质亚基(出现频率分别为26.32%、7.89%和2.63%).同时出现了许多普通小麦所稀有或缺乏的特异亚基类型,如6+8*,7*+9,6+9*,7+9*,20,22等,在2份材料中出现了1种未命名的新亚基类型.     

新疆主栽小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

采用SDS-PAGE技术，分析了38份新疆主栽小麦品种（系）的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成．结果表明，38份材料在Glu-1位点共检测到14种等位基因变异类型，其中Glu—A1位点有“1、2＊、Null”3种变异类型，Glu-B1位点有“7、7＋8、7＋9、6＋8、13＋16、17＋18、14＋15”7种，Glin-D1位点有“2＋12、5＋10、5＋12、2＋10”4种．“Null、7＋8、2＋12”是主要亚基，它们的频率分别是55．3％、57．9％和65．8％．亚基组合类型有17种，其中Null、7＋8、2＋12亚基组合占39．5％；1、7＋8、2＋12亚基组合为10．5％，其余亚基组合的频率都在10％以下，不同材料的品质评分在3～10之间，平均评分为6．3．     

不同来源小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分析

用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS—PAGE）对青海省不同来源114个小麦品种（系）品质得分、高分予量麦谷蛋白亚基构成、等位基因不同亚基变异及出现频率进行了分析。结果表明：小麦品种（系）间高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成存在一定差异，国外引进品种和当地培育品系亚基组成多于其他品种，而当地培育品系的分布最均匀；在A1位点上N亚基出现的频率最高，在D1位点上2＋12亚基出现的频率最高；共有25种亚基组合，国外引进的小麦品种和当地培育的小麦品系亚基组合类型明显多于其他品种，（N，7＋8，2＋12）组合的出现频率最高；品质平均得分当地培育品系最高（6．40）。     

超大穗小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)分析了超大穗小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成及其F1代的遗传多样性。结果表明,9份超大穗小麦中共检测到7种类型的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基,在Glu-A1位点,出现了两种亚基,null和1亚基,Glu-D1位点只有2 12一种亚基,而Glu-B1位点上亚基类型最丰富,有4种类型,尤其出现了两种新型的复合亚基组合形式7 9 8和7 9 14 15。遗传分析表明,在超大穗小麦与普通小麦杂交后代F1中,双亲的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基呈显性遗传,且显母性遗传倾向。     

41份有芒小麦HMW-GS组成分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯凝胶电泳法,分析了41份有芒小麦的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成.结果表明,在供试材料中共检测到16种Glu-1位点的等位变异,其中Glu-A1位点上有3种亚基变异类型,分别为Null,1,2*,优质亚基为1,2*,Null出现频率为70.73%,2*占17.07%,1占12.20%;Glu-B1位点有6种等位变异,存在的优质亚基为7+8/14+15/17+18,7+8亚基出现的频率最高,为56.10%,其它亚基类型频率依次为:17+18(17.07%)、7+9(14.63%)、13+16(7.32%)、8和14+15(2.44%);Glu-D1位点有7种类型,仅有一个优质亚基为5+10,2+12亚基出现的频率最高,为65.85%,5+10占21.95%,其次2、10、Dy10w、2+Dy10w、Dy10w+12均为2.44%;这16种变异共形成了17种亚基组合类型,其中Null/7+8/2+12组合类型出现的频率最高,占43.90%,其次为2*/7+9/5+10和N/17+18/2+12分别占9.76%,7.32%,剩余亚基组合类型频率均小于5%.该项研究结果揭示的部分有芒小麦的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及其组合类型对小麦品质遗传改良育种具有潜在的利用价值.     

四川小麦品种(系)Glu-B和Glu-D位点亚基组成的质谱分析

利用基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF)分析了102个小麦材料Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点的高分子量谷蛋白亚基构成,结果表明:四川新育成小麦品种(系)中Glu-B1位点劣质亚基7＋9和20的出现频率较高,优质亚基7＋8、17＋18的频率仍然较低.Glu-D1位点优质亚基5＋10与劣质亚基2+12的频率相差不大.在Glu1的2个位点同时具有优质基的材料占1176％.高灵敏、高通量MALDI-TOF技术可用于小麦品质育种过程中优质亚基的快速、准确鉴定.     

转基因小麦T1代中外源基因的检测和分析

该研究采用Multiplex PCR和SDS-PAGE技术对转1 Dx5基因(ORF)T1代小麦进行了检测和分析.结果显示,Multiplex PCR能够扩增出转基因T1代材料中1 Dx2基因和1 Dx5基因的特征片段,表明外源基因已整合到受体基因组中;SDS-PAGE检测到一新的蛋白质亚基X,表明外源基因的插入引起了转基因T1代籽粒中HMW-GS组成的变化.该研究不仅验证了线性基因片段遗传转化策略的可行性,而且印证了普通小麦Glu-1D等位基因的多重PCR分子标记体系的有效性,为培育安全型的转基因作物新种质打下坚实的基础,加快小麦分子育种进程.     

春小麦品种Waxy蛋白亚基的电泳检测

淀粉粒束缚淀粉合成酶，亦称蜡质蛋白（Waxy蛋白），是合成禾谷类作物胚乳直链淀粉的关键酶。直链淀粉的含量大小对小麦的最终用途影响较大，特别对面条品质的影响尤为重要。本实验用SDS-PAGE电泳方法对国内外115份春小麦品种（系）Waxy蛋白进行了鉴定，从中鉴定出Wx—B1亚基缺失材料16份；Wx—D1亚基缺失材料2份；而全部材料都含有Wx—A1亚基。3个亚基出现频率为Wx—A1〉Wx-D1〉Wx—B1。在所检测材料中没有发现3个亚基都缺失的或其中2个亚基缺失的类型。在缺失Wx—B1亚基的材料中以新疆的春小麦品种居多，占缺失Wx-B1亚基材料的56．3％。     

微扰QCD方法下的B→Ds^（＊）ρ（ω）衰变

在微扰QCD因子化方法的框架下计算了B→Ds^（＊）ρ^0,B＋→Dx^（＊）＋ρω^0和B^0→Ds^（＊）ρ-衰变道的分支比．通过计算发现衰变道B→Ds^（＊）＋ρ^0,B^＋→Ds^（＊）＋ω^0和B^0→Ds^＋ρ^-的分支比在10^-5量级,而B^0→Ds^（＊）＋ρ^-衰变道的分支比最大,约为1．2×10^-4．在这些衰变道中,对于末态包含两个矢量介子的衰变,径向激化的贡献是主要的,并且大于80％;而两个横向激化的贡献是被rDs^（＊）,rρ（ω）的幂次压低的．     

野生二粒小麦的Giemsa C带核型

采用改良C带技术对野生二粒小麦根尖细胞染色体进行了分带研究结果表明：野生二粒小麦体细胞中有14对染色体，染色体组型AABB不同染色体上带的数目、大小、强弱及分布情况各异，而同源染色体的带型一致，根据C带带型特征很容易将野生二粒小麦不同染色体组、及不同染色体分开因此，C带可作为野生二粒小麦的细胞学标记．此外，除4B染色体外，野生二粒小麦染色体的C带带型特征与普通小麦相应染色体相似，这从染色体结构方面进一步证实了野生二粒小麦是普通小麦祖先种之一的假设     

圆锥小麦高亲和种质的C带分析

采用改良Ｃ带技术对圆锥小麦和高亲种质矮兰麦的根尖细胞染色体进行了分析，矮兰麦体细胞具１４对染色体，非同源染色体之间，带的大小，强弱和分布不同。矮兰麦２ＡＬ和７ＡＳ染色体臂及７Ｂ染色体的带型与野生二粒小麦不同；矮兰麦３Ｂ，４Ａ，４Ｂ及７Ｂ染色体与普通小麦相应染色体的带型也有判别。     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: The evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang,west China,as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprints.A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed,and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi,Henan,and Xinjiang.The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran.The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from lran-the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii.The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the West during various periods of time in history.This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road,and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agri-culture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

Identification of a novel HMW glutenin subunit and comparison of its amino acid sequence with those of homologous subunits

Aegilops tauschii is the donor of the D genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetic variation of HMW glutenin subunits encoded by the Glu-1Dt locus of Ae. tauschii has been found to be higher than that specified by the Glu-1D locus in common wheat. In the present note, we report the identification of a novel HMW glutenin subunit, Dy13t, from Ae. tauschii. The newly identified subunit possessed an electrophoretic mobility that was faster than that of the Dy12 subunit of common wheat. The complete ORF of encoding the Dy13t subunit contained 624 codons (excluding the stop codons). The amino acid sequence deduced from the Dy13t gene ORF was the shortest among those of the previously reported subunits derived by the D genome. A further comparison of Dy13t amino acid sequence with those of the subunits characterized from the A, B, D, R genomes of Triticeae showed that the smaller size of the Dy13t subunit was associated with a reduction in the size of its repetitive domain.     

Further molecular evidence for the Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum in Tibet as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley

106 aeeessions of Tibetan wild barley, including 50 accessions of the two-rowed wiht barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. sopntaneum （HS）, 27 accessions of the six-rowed bottle-shaped wild barley H. lagunculiforme （HL） and 29 accessions of the six-rowed wiht barley H. agriocrithon （HA） that separately represent different agrigeographical regions of Tibet, were used to study the genetic diversity and genetie differentiation using SSR markers selected from seven barley linkage groups. 229 allelic variants were identified with an average of 7.6 alleles/locus. The average of total number of alleles per locus in HA （6.4） is much higher than that in HS （3.9） and HL （3.4）. The genetie diversity and its standard deviation among the three subspecies were in the order of HS〉HL〉HA. Very significant genetic differentiation was observed among the three subspecies of wild barley. Comparisons of the results fiom this and previous studies showed a strong Oriental-Occidental differentiation of barley, and that Shannan region of Tibet might be the center of origin of the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley, thus supporting not only the hypothesis of a mono-phyletie origin of cultivated barley but also the proposition that the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley.     

粘果山羊草Aegilops kotschyi puroindoline a基因的研究

根据已报道的小麦籽粒硬度主效基因之一puroindoline a（Pina）基因的保守序列,设计并合成了一对特异性引物ForA1和RevA1,对粘果山羊草Aegilops kotschyi的三个材料的基因组DNA和互补DNA进行Pina基因克隆、序列测定和表达分析,发现了三个新型Pina突变体,基因序列与六倍体小麦的同源基因存在较大的差异.RT-PCR证实了Pina基因在籽粒胚乳中表达.Southern blot分析结果表明,三种材料中该基因均含有两个拷贝.研究结果显示山羊草是一个丰富的遗传资源库,为小麦籽粒硬度的基因工程改良奠定了基础.     

Genetic variations of glycinin subunit genes among cultivated and wild type soybean species

Glycinin is a predominant storage protein in most soybean accessions. It is a hexamer constituted by five major subunits, which can be classified into two groups. Group I contains G1, G2 and G3, and Group II contains G4 and GS. The genes encoding these subunits have been designated from Gyl to Gy5, respectively. In the present study, Gyl genomic fragments were cloned from wild accessions of subgenera Glycine glycine, Glycine soja and a cultivar of Glycine max. Their sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared. The residues critical for assembling of G1 subunits from the wild perennial accession were conservative. The Gy4 fragments were cloned from two wild perennial accessions and compared with that from subgenus Soja. The intron 3 of Gy4 had abundant variations between the subgenera G. soja and G. glycine as well as within the subgenus G. glycine. Abundant variations existed in the disordered regions 3 and 4 of G4 subunits from two wild perennial accessions. The genomic organization of glycinin genes was analyzed in 19 accessions from subgenera Soja and Glycine. The hybridization patterns were identical among the accessions of subgenus Soja. On the contrary, abundant polymorphisms existed between the accessions from subgenus Glycine. These results indicated that glycinin genes have high degree of conservation within subgenus Soja but more variations within subgenus Glycine.     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: the evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang, west China, as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting. A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed, and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi, Henan, and Xinjiang. The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran. The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from Iran—the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii. The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the west during various periods of time in history. This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road, and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agriculture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

Genetic variations of glycinin subunit genes among cultivated and wild type soybean species

Glycinin is a predominant storage protein in most soybean accessions. It is a hexamer constituted by five major subunits, which can be classified into two groups. Group I contains G1, G2 and G3, and Group II contains G4 and G5. The genes encoding these subunits have been designated from Gy1 to Gy5 , respectively. In the present study, Gy1 genomic fragments were cloned from wild accessions of subgenera Glycine glycine, Glycine soja and a cultivar of Glycine max . Their sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared. The residues critical for assembling of G1 subunits from the wild perennial accession were conservative. The Gy4 fragments were cloned from two wild perennial accessions and compared with that from subgenus Soja . The intron 3 of Gy4 had abundant variations between the subgenera G. soja and G. glycine as well as within the subgenus G. glycine. Abundant variations existed in the disordered regions 3 and 4 of G4 subunits from two wild perennial accessions. The genomic organization of glycinin genes was analyzed in 19 accessions from subgenera Soja and Glycine . The hybridization patterns were identical among the accessions of subgenus Soja. On the contrary, abundant polymorphisms existed between the accessions from subgenus Glycine . These results indicated that glycinin genes have high degree of conservation within subgenus Soja but more variations within subgenus Glycine .