Molecular cloning of growth hormone receptor (GHR) from common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)and identification of its two forms of mRNA transcripts

Growth hormone receptor (GHR) belongs tothehematopoietic receptor superfamily[1]. The action ofgrowth hormone (GH) in regulating growth[2],re-production[3]and i mmunity[4]has been elucidated.The binding of GHtothe GHRontarget tissues trig-gers a cascade of tyrosine and protein phosphorylationevents, which cul minates in the biological action ofGH[5 ,6]. Up to date GHR cDNAs have been clonedfrom many species[7—9],including various kinds ofmammalian ani mals ; avian of chicken and domest…     

RT—PCR检测草鱼呼肠孤病毒的方法研究

草鱼呼肠孤病毒（Grass carp reovirus,GCRV）为草鱼出血病的病原．本实验根据GenBank中GCRV和其他水生呼肠孤病毒毒株的第六基因片段,在其保守区设计了一对GCRV特异性引物,建立了快速检测GCRV的逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）方法．该PCR体系中,上下游引物的最适终浓度为120nmol／L,最适退火温度为52℃．PCR特异性试验表明：所设计的引物只能扩增GCRV的核酸,而不能扩增嗜水气单胞菌BSK-10、WSSV以及正常CIK细胞的DNA或RNA．敏感性试验表明,当GCRV的反转录模板稀释至5-7时,PCR结果还为阳性．用所建立的RT—PCR方法对5份样品进行检测,结果表明本研究建立的RT—PCR检测方法可靠且可行．     

草鱼原肌球蛋白基因的克隆及其组织表达

为揭示原肌球蛋白基因在草鱼肌肉中的作用,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得了草鱼原肌球蛋白基因c DNA,并对该基因在普通草鱼和脆肉鲩不同组织中的表达情况进行研究分析。结果表明原肌球蛋白基因c DNA全长序列为1 705 bp,包含387 bp的5′UTR序列,1 307 bp的3′UTR序列和855 bp开放阅读框(ORF)。其ORF编码284个氨基酸。系统进化分析表明普通草鱼与斑马鱼、墨西哥脂鲤的原肌球蛋白基因核苷酸同源性分别是93%和87%,氨基酸同源性分别是96%和93%。在聚类上普通草鱼原肌球蛋白基因与其他鲤科鱼类同源性较高,表明亲缘关系最近,与传统分类相一致。Real time-PCR结果表明原肌球蛋白基因在所检测的普通草鱼和脆肉鲩7个组织中均有表达,原肌球蛋白基因在普通草鱼腹肌中表达最高,其次为前肠。原肌球蛋白基因在脆肉鲩腹肌中的表达低于普通草鱼,而脆肉鲩中肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、前肠、后肠中原肌球蛋白基因表达量大于普通草鱼相对应组织,但差异不显著。     

Cloning,sequencing of the HSC70 gene in Ctenopharyngodon idella

A cDNA encoding heat shock cognate protein 70(HSC70)was cloned from liver of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)(GenBank JF436930).This cDNA was found out to contain2 346 bp in length,including 1 950 bp of complete coding sequence encoding 649 amino acids(aa),plus 89 bp of 5′-UTR and 307 bp of3′-UTR.Analysis of its genomic structure revealed that its corresponding gene contained seven exons and six introns.Homology analysis indicated that it shared 99%of identity with HSC70 of breams and 86%of identity with HSP70 of Drosophila.Fluorescent RT-PCR analysis revealed that at 28℃,this gene was expressed in abdominal fat,muscle,intestines,brain,middle kidney,head kidney,gonads,swim bladder,liver,heart,spleen,gills,and fins with expression level in liver being the highest(p0.05),followed by that in the gonads;at 36℃,its mRNA expression level was increased at first but then decreased thereafter under heat shock stress,indicating that its expression can be regulated by heat shock.In conclusion,cloning and expression analysis identified a cDNA encoding a constitutive HSP70 gene that is expressed in many tissues of Ctenopharyngodon idella and its expression was down-regulated by heat shock.     

小拟南芥几丁质酶基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

通过合成1对特异引物，应用RT-PCR技术从小拟南芥总RNA中经反转录克隆出几丁质酶基因，该cDNA基因全长985bp，含有1个963bp的开放阅读框(ORF)，编码321个氨基酸，推测分子量为35．53kD，序列同源性分析表明，该基因与拟南芥几丁质酶基因有93％的同源性。     

Cloning and evolutionary analysis of cyclin B gene introns in cyprinids with different ploidy levels

Partial fragments of the cyclin B gene from triploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid hybrids of red crucian carp × blunt snout bream, blunt snout bream, grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp were amplified. One DNA fragment was amplified from the blunt snout bream, grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp (750, 950, 720, and 720 bp, respectively). Two fragments (1200 and 900 bp) were amplified from the red crucian carp, common carp, and allotetraploids. The triploid and pentaploid hybrids yielded three DNA fragments (1200, 900, and 750 bp). The 1200 bp fragment of the allotetraploid crucian carp, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid hybrids of red crucian carp × blunt snout bream shared 99.5%, 98.9%, 99.5%, and 88.7% homology, respectively, with the maternal DNA. The 900 bp fragment shared 97.5%, 94.6%, 94.2%, and 89.9% homology, respectively. Our results suggest that inheritance is maternally dominated. Furthermore, we observed preferential elimination of the paternal sequences in the allotetraploid hybrids. Based on these sequence analyses we constructed a phylogenetic tree to explain the relationships among the different ploidy levels.     

荧光实时定量PCR检测尼罗罗非鱼GH、GHR、IGF-I基因方法的建立及初步应用

 为了准确分析尼罗罗非鱼生长激素（growth hormone , GH）、生长激素受体（growth hormone receptors, GHRs）和胰岛素样生长因子I （Insulin like growth factor-I,IGF I）在早期发育阶段的作用,实验设计了尼罗罗非鱼GH、GHR、IGF I基因的特异性引物,提 取垂体或肝脏总RNA并扩增出目的片段,将PCR产物克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体,经质粒PCR扩增、酶切和测序鉴定重组质粒,构建 标准曲线等,成功建立了GH、GHR、IGF-I基因荧光实时定量PCR检测方法。运用建立的荧光实时定量 PCR检测了尼罗罗非鱼GH 、GHR和IGF I基因表达的发育性变化。结果表明在早期发育阶段,尼罗罗非鱼GH 与 IGF-I,GHR1与 GHR2的mRNA表达存在一 定的互补关系;GH的表达与GHR1的表达呈显著正相关,提示GH与IGF-I,GHR1与GHR2在尼罗罗非鱼早期发育的不同阶段起主导 作用,且GH可能主要通过与GHR1的结合起作用。     

番茄八氢番茄红素合成酶基因的克隆及超量表达载体构建

八氢番茄红素合成酶是植物类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中促进番茄红素合成的关键酶,根据番茄该酶的编码基因序列设计一对引物,通过RT-PCR在番茄中扩增出一个约1500 bp的全长cDNA片段.测序结果表明,此片段包含一个长为1239 bp的完整的编码框,其氨基酸序列与辣椒、向日葵、万寿菊、枸杞、番木瓜、温州蜜柑、拟南芥八氢番茄红素合成酶基因编码的氨基酸序列的一致率分别为88%、75%、75%、74%、73%、73%、7l%.对这个全长片段构建了超量表达载体,酶切检测表明该片段已插入植物表达载体.     

近交培育五指山小型猪GHR基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

目的探讨近交培育五指山猪矮小的分子机理,为五指山猪实验动物化奠定基础。方法近交系五指山猪肝脏组织提取总RNA,然后RT-PCR成功扩增出GHR基因,克隆入pGEM-Teasy载体进行测序,并与正常猪GHR基因序列进行比对;然后经SalⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切回收后与同样经过双酶切回收的pEGFP-C1真核表达载体连接,构建五指山猪GHR基因真核表达载体。结果测序结果表明:五指山猪GHR基因编码区包括639个氨基酸;经过酶切和测序验证五指山猪GHR基因真核表达载体构建成功。结论经序列比对后发现GHR信号肽编码区发生两处氨基酸替换,可能会影响到生长激素的胞内运输;生长激素受体胞内域编码区发生多处突变,并且导致相应氨基酸发生替换,可能会影响生长激素受体的下游信号转导。五指山猪GHR基因真核表达载体的成功构建为进一步研究GHR的功能和下游信号转导奠定了基础。     

Detection of Grass Carp Hemorrhage Virus （GCHV） from Vietnam and Comparison with GCHV Strain from China

Grass carp plays an important role in small-scale aquaculture in Vietnam. However, a severe disease, known in Vietnam as “Red Spot Disease“, is causing significant economic loss in grass carp aquaculture. In this study, the tissue samples isolated from the grass carp with Red Spot Disease in Vietnam are investigated and eomparied with the control GCHV isolated in China by experimental infection, culture cell infection, serological cross reactivity, and RT-PCR amplifica-tion. Infected grass carp exhibits hemorrhage symptoms about 5 days after experimental injection with GCHV-V (Vietnam) strain. The symptoms and lethality induced by the GCHV-V strain are identical to that induced by the Chinese GCHV-9014 strain. The Chinese GCHV-873 strain in-duces typical cytopathogenic effects in 4 cell lines, such as CIK, CAB, FHM and GCO, from the6 fish cell lines examined. No cytopathogenic effects are observed in all the 6 examined cell lines,including CAB, FHM, CIK, EPC, CCO and G(X), infected by the GCHV-V strain and GCHV-9014 strain. Immunodiffusion assays demonstrate an obvious cross-reactivity among three GCHVstrains. Precipitin lines are clearly observed not only between the anti-GCHV-873 serum and thetwo strains GCHV-873 and GCHV-9014, but also between the anti-GCHV-873 serum and the GCHV-V strain. GCHV can be detected by immunodiffusion assays after three generations of blind propagations in the cell lines inoculated by GCHV-V strain. This implicates that GCHV-Vviruses have been replicated and amplified despite there being no cytopathogenic eifects observed in these examined cell lines. Three genome segments of GCHV, including S8, S9 and S10, are amplified by three sets of PCR primers designed according to the segment sequences published re-cently. The Q8fp and Q8rp primer set specific for genome segment S8 amplifies a 955 bp frag-ment from the extracted sample of diseased fish with Red Spot Disease, and the fragment size is i-dentical to that amplified by the same primer set from control GCHV-873 strain. Simultaneously,the Q9fp and Q9rp primer set specific for genome segment S9 generates a same 635 bp product,and the Q10fp and Q10rp primer set specific for genome segment S10 produces a same 697 bp fragment from both template samples of diseased fish with Red Spot Disease and control GCHV-873 strain. The RT-PCR amplification and corresponding size comparison data indicate that the three GCHV-V genome segments extracted from the diseased grass carp with Red Spot Disease in Vietnam should be identical to that in control GCHV-873 strain from China. The data confirm that the causative agent of grass carp Red Spot Disease in Vietnam is a virus, and the virus is closely similar to GCHV strain in China.     

草鱼肌肉生长抑制素cDNA克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术,从草鱼肌肉组织中克隆出MSTN cDNA序列,长度为1764 bp,编码区为1128 bp,共编码375个氨基酸.前体蛋白包括信号肽序列、N端前肽区、蛋白酶水解位点RIRR及C端活性区(含9个保守的Cys残基).多重序列比较表明,草鱼与斑马鱼、黑头软口鲦之间的MSTN序列同源性在94%以上,与其它鱼类之间的序列同源性也较高(78.1%~82.3%),但与鸟类、哺乳类之间的序列同源性则相对较低.系统进化分析显示,不同物种间的MSTN序列同源性基本反映了它们的亲缘关系.     

人类磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺结合蛋白新基因的分离和鉴定

在对AD293和HEK293进行差减杂交以探索两者在吸附和凋亡特性上的差异时,从AD293的高表达文库中分离得到一段新的cDNA片段.从人类胎脑文库克隆得到该基因,全长2 745 bp,编码的蛋白含518个氨基酸,被预测为磷酸泛酰巯基乙胺结合蛋白.该基因在染色体上定位于2p22.3,包含8个外显子.该cDNA编码的蛋白序列含有一个凋亡抑制蛋白5结构域,外皮蛋白重复片段和铜结合辛肽重复片段.RT-PCR分析显示该基因在人类正常组织和癌组织中广泛表达,但在癌组织中表达量相对较低,提示其可能对细胞凋亡有抑制作用.该基因在进化过程中高度保守.     

拟穴青蟹PDI保守区域的克隆与序列分析

蛋白二硫键异构酶(PDI)是真核生物重要的多功能蛋白,其基因结构在虾蟹类尚未报道.从拟穴青蟹Scylla pa-ramamosain(Estampador,1949)脑组织中分离纯化总RNA,经逆转录得到cDNA第一条链,并以之为模板利用RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术,扩增出一条950 bp的cDNA.将所得cDNA克隆到质粒载体pTZ57R/T,转化大肠杆菌DH5α细胞并对筛选的阳性克隆测序.通过与目前数据库中序列的比较,在此cDNA编码蛋白中发现其中101个氨基酸与其他物种已知蛋白二硫键异构酶(PDI)中的PDI_a_PDI_a'_C保守区域相似率在64%～79%之间.确定此cDNA编码拟穴青蟹PDI_a_PDI_a'_C保守区域.     

滑膜肉瘤融合基因SYT-SSX cDNA的克隆与序列分析

利用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法获得SYT-SSX的cDNA，克隆入PUCm-T载体后，在美国ABI DNA自动测序仪上以反向引物测序法进行核苷酸序列的测定，扩增出98bp的特异性片段，并筛选出阳性重组克隆质粒PUCm-SYT-SSX。获得的滑膜肉瘤融合基因SYT-SSX的cDNA，为深入揭示滑膜肉瘤分子发生机理奠定基础，同时可进一步完成原核表达。     

黄孢原毛平革菌锰过氧化物酶基因（MnP2）的克隆

应用RT-PCR技术,从黄孢原毛平革菌5.766（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）总RNA中成功扩增出预期大小约为1.3 kb的特异性条带,将扩增产物提纯后克隆入PUC19载体,经转化、筛选及酶切鉴定后,获得锰过氧化物酶（MnP2）基因的克隆。序列分析表明,扩增的MnP2基因片段其cDNA长度为1 149 bp,编码358个氨基酸,与其它已发表文献报道的MnP2序列一致,与其同工酶MnP1和MnP3的核苷酸同一性分别为81%和66%。     

一种新细胞因子基因真核表达载体的构建和鉴定

采用PCR方法,以人胎盘cDNA文库为模板,扩增出人B淋巴细胞刺激因子（hBLys）,经克隆测序及纯化后,再以此PCR产物为模板,用Nest-PCR方法进一步扩增得到B淋巴细胞刺激因子的胞膜外功能区域（hsBLyS）的DNA片段,纯化、克隆测定鉴定后,扩增并纯化粒,经酶切、纯化后克隆到真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）中,构成真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）／hsBLyS。结果表明：用此方法制备得到的hsBLyS的DNA片段经测序鉴定与文献报道相符,构建的真核表达载体经鉴定也达到了预计的结果。     

大黄鱼Ghrelin基因的克隆和序列分析

利用RT-PCR、RACE等技术,从大黄鱼胃组织中克隆得出Ghrelin基因的cDNA(649 bp),其中包含5'非翻译区(5'UTR),起始密码子,信号肽、成熟肽、C-端肽序列的编码区,终止密码子,3'非翻译区(3'UTR)和相对较少见的多核苷酸化信号(ATTAAA).获得的cDNA编码108个氨基酸,与已报道的硬骨鱼类Grelin mRNA比对显示,相似性(Similarity)和一致性(Identity)最高(黑鲷 Acanthopagrus schlegelii)可达81%和73%,推测的成熟肽包含硬骨鱼Ghrelin的相同活性中心和修饰位点,证明是鱼类Ghrelin同源基因.     

日本囊对虾电压门控钠通道基因克隆与组织表达

利用基因克隆等分子生物学技术,获得日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus ja ponicus)的电压门控钠通道(voltage-gate sodium channel,VGSC)蛋白的部分eDNA序列,获得的片段核苷酸长度为2 877 bp,可编码954个氨基酸残基,总分子质量约为108.2 ku.与同源蛋白比较结果显示,日本囊对虾的VGSC序列与其他一些物种具有较高相似性,特别是跨膜蛋白结构域具有极高的保守性.基于VGSC氨基酸序列比对绘制的系统树基本能够反映出各物种间的进化关系.以RT-PCR法检测日本囊对虾VGSC的组织表达,结果显示VGSC表达与各组织的功能有极其密切的关系.VGSC mRNA在脑神经节中表达量最高,其次为肝胰腺,说明了钠通道在神经信号传导以及调节内分泌中都起到了重要的作用.