水稻OsDDB2基因过量表达载体的构建及其转化

利用农杆菌介导法将构建好的水稻OsDDB2过表达载体导入水稻,共获得植株4株,经PCR检测确定4株皆为转基因植株.田间性状分析发现转基因植株的结实率(平均6.05%)远远低于野生型植株的结实率(平均87.4%).相应地,花粉粒I_2-KI染色结果显示转基因植株的花粉数远少于野生型植株的花粉数.这些初步实验结果为进一步研究水稻DDB2基因的功能奠定了基础.     

利用RNAi沉默技术对水稻OsHAD1基因的功能分析

生物信息学分析推测了水稻OsHAD1基因属于HAD(haloacid dehalogenase)超级家族水解酶.为研究其功能,本实验设计构建了OsHAD1-RNAi载体,通过农杆菌介导的方法转化水稻,成功获得了转基因植株.结果表明,转基因植株与野生型(日本晴)相比,转基因植株从T0代到T2代结实率均有20%～50%的降低;实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,T2代独立转基因植株中OsHAD1基因的表达量均有50%以上的下调;花粉染色结果显示,转基因植株花粉染色异常,败育率高,平均败育率达71.19%;石蜡切片结果显示,转基因植株花粉形状不规则,在花粉囊中排列松散,并且植株表现出明显的雄性不育.因此,推测OsHAD1基因参与水稻的生殖发育.     

转基因小麦环境释放中基因漂移研究

基因漂移供体是转基因小麦，受体有转基因小麦的非转基因分离体、受体对照品系和地方小麦品种，以外源uidA基因表达作为基因漂移的分子标记，在供体开花期间，距供体5个不同距离上收集花粉，约80％的花粉分布在距供体中心15m以内，距离35m处只检测到约6％的花粉，在11个检测样点检测受体和供体间杂交率，供体与分离体混种同一小区时，基因漂移频率较高(1．08％)；与其受体对照播种于相邻小区(相距约0．5m)时，基因漂移频率居中(0．63％)；地方品种距供体边缘0．5～2．5m处，频率较低(0．25％)；3m以外没有检测到基因漂移，认为转基因小麦基因漂移距离应在3m以内。     

油菜BnRCH基因提高转基因拟南芥的耐盐性研究

为探索本实验室从甘蓝型油菜中克隆到的BnRCH基因在植物耐盐中的作用,比较了NaCl胁迫下转基因与野生型拟南芥在萌发及幼苗生长的差异.结果表明:在100 mMNaCl处理下,BnRCH转基因拟南芥种子萌发率比野生型高3～5倍;盐胁迫后野生型拟南芥幼苗首先表现出枯萎、白化现象;除去盐胁迫后,转基因拟南芥幼苗恢复生长状况明显优于野生型.本实验结果表明BnRCH基因能够提高转基因拟南芥的耐盐性.     

转1Dx5基因小麦突变株系的研究

以转1Dx5基因小麦3个高分子量麦谷蛋白突变株系B73-6-1-1、B73-6-1-2和B73-6-1-3及转基因受体L88-6为材料,对其主要农艺性状、低分子量麦谷蛋白表达情况及染色体核型进行研究.结果表明:在田间栽培条件下,纯合稳定转基因突变株系之间及其与转基因受体之间主要农艺性状存在差异,其中株高和千粒重存在显著差异(P=0.05);同时,SDS-PAGE结果显示,在小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白区域,突变株系之间无明显差异,而突变株系与转基因受体之间部分区域表达量存在明显差异并产生一个突变条带;通过核型分析比较,得出突变株系之间及其与转基因受体之间,染色体无论是相对长度还是臂比值都没有显著差异.     

基于Gene-Deletor系统的安全复合性状转基因烟草研究

本研究利用农杆菌介导法将带有水稻花粉特异启动子籼稻花粉过敏原基因(OSIPA)启动子驱动的Gene-Deletor外源基因清除系统,水稻Os GA3ox2(D18)启动子驱动水稻Os GA2ox1基因,玉米Ubiquitin启动子驱动BAR::GUS融合基因为筛选标记基因以及水稻Actin1启动子驱动驱动抗虫Cry1Ab基因复合性状植物表达载体p GM626-D18-Os GA2ox1遗传转化三星烟草。通过GUS组织化学染色及PCR分子鉴定,获得了43株转基因烟草植株。结果表明,水稻OsGA2ox1基因在烟草中表达能降低转基因烟草植株高度,但不影响植株生殖生长。转基因烟草对烟草斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有抗性,可抑制烟草斜纹夜蛾幼虫的取食与发育。以50 mg/L的除草剂Basta处理野生型和转基因烟草离体叶片,发现BAR基因提高了烟草抗除草剂的能力。对12株转基因烟草T0代花粉外源基因清除效率进行研究,发现部分烟草株系外源基因清除可达到100%,其他未完全清除外源基因株系的清除效率介于42.84%~99.97%之间。     

转PSAG12-ipt基因结缕草的获得及其衰老特性分析

将拟南芥中衰老特异启动子PSAG12控制下的ipt基因导入结缕草胚性愈伤组织,经抗性筛选、PCR扩增和Southern杂交,共获得37株转ipt基因植株．其中有6个转基因株系衰老延缓,绿色期延长,生育后期其体内细胞分裂素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等含量明显高于野生型,而脱落酸的含量明显下降．通过测定离体叶片培养过程中光合速率的变化,也证实了转基因植株叶片衰老速度明显减慢．其中T1和T12两个转基因株系能延长绿色期达25d以上.     

镉胁迫对转PprI基因油菜生理生化的影响

利用露天盆栽试验研究了不同浓度Cd胁迫下转PprI基因油菜和非转基因野生型油菜对Cd的吸收特性以及生理响应。结果表明：随着Cd胁迫浓度的升高,转基因和非转基因野生型油菜对Cd的吸收均显著增加,且二者地下部分的吸收都大于地上部分;在0.5 mg/kg Cd处理下,转基因和非转基因油菜对Cd的吸收差异不显著,但1和2 mg/kg处理下转基因油菜对Cd的吸收显著低于非转基因野生型油菜。两种油菜对Cd的富集系数和转运系数均随处理浓度的升高而降低;随着Cd浓度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且在相同处理浓度下,转基因油菜的SOD活性均高于非转基因野生型油菜;丙二醛（MDA）含量呈上升趋势,且其在转基因油菜中的含量均低于非转基因野生型油菜;叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量随Cd浓度的升高而下降。因此PprI基因的导入,显著降低了油菜对Cd的吸收,提高了其可食部分安全性。     

转AlNHX1基因大豆后代遗传稳定性及耐盐性分析

为了获得耐盐性有所提高的转AlNHX1基因大豆后代材料,以已获得的转AlNHX1基因的6个株系中的3个株系后代为研究对象,通过分别对这3个株系转基因大豆各后代进行PCR分子检测并结合耐盐性鉴定,以分析外源基因在转基因大豆中遗传稳定性和耐盐性.结果表明:AlNHX1基因在转基因植株的后代中遗传;选取3个株系中部分阳性植株做耐盐性检测,结果表明:转基因大豆耐盐性状均好于野生型大豆.在150mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,转基因大豆叶片中维持了相对较高的K+/Na+比值,相对含水量较野生型提高了9%,而渗透势降低了39%,表明转基因大豆具有较好的吸水和保水能力;在盐胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性较野生型大豆分别提高了45%与69%.综上,通过耐盐筛选获得的转AlNHX1基因大豆具有较强的耐盐性.     

转基因小黑杨根际土壤微生物群落特征研究

【目的】根际土壤细菌及真菌群落组成不仅受植物种类及植物生长时期等影响,外源基因的导入也可改变根际微生物群落组成。通过基因工程技术获得的转betA或转TaLEA基因小黑杨(populus simonii x p.nigra)能够提高甜菜碱或晚期胚胎富集蛋白的含量,进而增强转基因植物的抗旱耐盐性,PsnWRKY70是胁迫应答信号转导网络中的负调控因子,WRKY70干扰表达小黑杨的耐盐性显著高于对照株系。在明确了转betA、转TaLEA、转WRKY70小黑杨抗旱耐盐性的同时,开展转基因小黑杨根际土壤细菌、真菌群落组成分析,为其环境生态安全性评价提供参考。【方法】以2年生转TaLEA、betA、WRKY70基因小黑杨及对照野生型(WT)小黑杨根际土壤为试材,利用Illumina-Miseq高通量测序平台对根际土壤微生物进行16S rRNA和ITS测序分析,对根际土壤细菌和真菌群落丰富度和多样性变化、结构差异性、群落组成进行分析,了解转基因活动对小黑杨根际土壤微生物组成的影响。【结果】Alpha多样性分析显示,针对根际细菌群落组成,转betA小黑杨的Simpson指数显著低于WT小黑杨,而转WR...     

多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建及拟南芥转化

多基因植物表达载体用于植物遗传转化是培育具有多种优良品质作物的有效策略. 双T-DNA系统是实现筛选完成后选择标记基因删除的一种简便可行的方式. 为培育高度抗逆或去除标记基因的农作物，构建了多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体2T-bbgdD，其中含有一个抗除草剂基因bar, 3个抗逆相关基因(DREB1A, Na+依赖性Pi转运体基因（d5）, betA)和一个报告基因gfp. 利用农杆菌介导法将该载体转入拟南芥，获得了多基因共转化及去除标记基因的转基因拟南芥. 可将此植物表达载体进一步用于作物的遗传转化.     

Integration and inheritance stability of foreignBt toxin gene in the bivalent insect-resistant transgenic cotton plants

Genetic and expressional stability of Bt toxin gene is crucial for the breeding of insect-resistant transgenic cotton varieties and their commercialization. Genomic Southern blot analysis of R₃, R₄ and R₅ generations of bivalent transgenic insect-resistant cotton plants was done in order to determine the integration, the copy number and the inheritance stability of Bt toxin gene in the transgenic cotton plants. The results indicated that there was a 4.7 kb positive band in the Southern blot when the genomic DNA of the bivalent transgenic insect-resistant cotton plants and the positive control (the plasmid) were digested with HindⅢ respectively. This result proved that the Bt toxin gene had been integrated into the genome of the cotton in full length. There is only one XhoⅠ restriction site in the Bt toxin gene. Southern blot analysis indicated that many copies of Bt toxin gene had been integrated into the genome of the cotton when the genomic DNA of transgenic plants was digested with XhoⅠ. Among them, there were four copies (about 17.7, 8, 5.5 and 4.7 kb in size) existing in all the tested plants of ₃, R₄ and R₅ generations. The preliminary conclusion was that there were more than four copies of Bt toxin gene integrated into the genome of the cotton, among them, more than one copy can express and inherit steadily. This result provides a scientific basis for the breeding of the bivalent insect-resis- tant transgenic cotton plants and its commercialization.     

Activity of the truncated promoter of pollen-specific G9 gene of cotton and the transgenic recessive nuclei-sterile tobacco

A 557 bp fragment from the translation initiation site of the G9 gene expressed in maturing pollens of cotton was isolated from genomic DNA of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. “Zhongkang 17”, and two expression vectors for plant transformation were constructed via fusing this fragment with β-glucuronidase gene (Gus) and cytotoxin gene Barnase. The promoter activity of this fragment was demonstrated via transient expression of Gus gene in cotton and by the integrated expression of Barnase gene in tobacco. This promoter can initiate the expression of exogenous gene specifically and efficiently in plant pollen. The transgenic tobacco plant containing G9-Barnase fusion gene showed the characteristics of recessive nuclei-sterility.     

衣藻的核基因组转化及外源基因转录分析

通过珠磨法将衣藻表达载体pSP108转入到莱茵衣藻细胞壁缺陷型CC-400藻株中,经抗性筛选及PCR鉴定,获得了24个转化藻株.在抗性基因ble编码序列的中间部位和末端部位分别设计两对不同的探针引物,运用实时荧光定量PCR对转基因藻株进行外源基因转录水平的分析.结果发现:不同转化藻株外源基因的转录水平有明显差异;同一转化藻株两对探针引物,外源基因的转录水平也存在差异.说明莱茵衣藻在转化过程中,外源基因整合到基因组上的片段数量及片段长度和完整性具有不确定性.     

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing synthetic Cry1Ac and Cry1Ie genes are more toxic to cotton bollworm than those containing one gene

Transgenic tobacco plants carrying Cry1Ac, Cry1Ie or both genes were obtained. In the leaves of transgenic plants carrying both genes, the contents of Cry1Ac and Cry1Ie proteins were 0.173% and 0.131% of the total proteins, respectively. Cry1Ac protein content was 0.182% and Cry1Ie protein con- tent was 0.124% of the total proteins in the leaves of transgenic plants containing only one Bt gene. Fresh leaves of transgenic tobacco and wild-type plants were used for the insect bioassay against wild-type and Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The bioassay results showed that transgenic plants carrying both genes were significantly more toxic to wild-type and Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm than those carrying Cry1Ac or Cry1Ie alone. This study indicates that the higher toxicity of transgenic tobacco plants carrying both genes is caused by the cooperative function of both Bt proteins, thus providing a potential way to delay the development of insect resis- tance to transgenic crops.     

Expression of lysine-rich protein gene and analysis of lysine content in transgenic wheat

Expression vector pBPC102, which carries winged bean lysine-rich protein (wblrp) gene and dihydropicolinate synthase (DHDPS) gene, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No.l, Jing411, You899 and Yangnongl5 explants of immature inflorescence and immature embryos by particle bombardment. More than 100 transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of s-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC). Confirmed transgenic plants of To and TI generation by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analyses showed successful integration of wblrp gene into wheat genome. Analysis of transgenic plant lines of T2 by Northern dot-blotting showed good expression of wblrp gene in offspring seed. The content of free lysine in leaves, contents of bound lysine and total proteins in seeds of T2 transgenie wheat lines were determined and analyzed. Among 34 tested transgenic lines, levels of free lysine content in leaves of 9 transgenic lines are 2~3times higher than un-trans-formed wild-type cultivars. Among 17 analyzed transgenic lines, bound lysine content of 4 transgenic lines is more than 10% higher than that of wild-type cultivars. Our research suggests that introducing wblrp gene into wheat is an effective way to improve its nutrition quality.     

3个茶树品种WOX基因家族的进化及密码子偏好性比较

【目的】WOX基因家族在模式植物组织培养中扮演着重要的分子调控角色。非模式植物WOX基因家族的系统发育和密码子使用偏好性研究有助于探索遗传进化规律和基因表达特征,进而为其转基因体系构建提供指导。【方法】利用生物信息学方法在3个茶树品种全基因组数据中鉴定WOX基因;通过ClustalX 2.1和MEGA X软件探索它们的进化规律。运用Perl语言、Codon W 1.4.2程序和SPSS 23.0等软件分析3个茶树品种WOX基因编码序列,探究它们的密码子使用偏好模式;基于ENc-GC_3s、PR2分析和中性分析结果解析影响密码子偏好的主要因素。【结果】共鉴定出42个WOX成员,其中‘云抗10号’(CSA)11个,‘舒茶早’(CSS)18个,‘云南野生古茶DASZ’(DASZ)13个,系统发育揭示3个茶树品种WOX基因在进化上存在较强的保守性。密码子偏好性分析揭示,3个茶树品种WOX基因密码子都偏好使用A/T和以A/T结尾;CSA和DASZ的WOX基因密码子使用模式相似,表明两者亲缘关系较近;以CSA和CSS作为转基因受体时,3个茶树品种WOX基因中个别密码子需优化;烟草是3个茶树品种WOX基因的最佳异源表达受体;ENc-GC_3s绘图、PR2分析和中性分析表明自然选择是影响3个茶树品种WOX基因密码子使用偏倚的主要因素。【结论】3个茶树品种WOX基因进化上较保守,密码子偏好使用A/T和以A/T结尾,且密码子偏好原因主要是自然选择;揭示出转茶树时密码子的优化信息和烟草为最佳异源表达受体的结果。     

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing synthetic Cry1Ac and Cry1Ie genes are more toxic to cotton bollworm than those containing one gene

Transgenic tobacco plants carrying CrylAc, Crylle or both genes were obtained. In the leaves of transgenic plants carrying both genes, the contents of CrylAc and Crylle proteins were 0.173% and 0.131% of the total proteins, respectively. CrylAc protein content was 0.182 % and Cry1 le protein content was 0.124% of the total proteins in the leaves of transgenic plants containing only one Bt gene. Fresh leaves of transgenic tobacco and wild-type plants were used for the insect bioassay against wild-type and Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm （Helicoverpa armigera）. The bioassay results showed that transgenic plants carrying both genes were significantly more toxic to wild-type and CrylAc-resistant cotton bollworm than those carrying CrylAc or Crylle alone. This study indicates that the higher toxicity of transgenic tobacco plants carrying both genes is caused by the cooperative function of both Bt proteins, thus providing a potential way to delay the development of insect resistance to transgenic crops.     

Generation of transgenic wheat resistant to wheat yellow mosaic virus and identification of gene silence induced by virus infection

The plasmid containing the promoter Act1, the coat protein (cp) gene of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and the selectable bar gene, was delivered via particle bombardment, directly into immature embryos of a wheat cultivars. PCR and PCR-RFLP were employed to screen the existence of the cp gene in T0 and T1 generations. Seeds from the positive T1 plants were sowed in fields heavily contaminated with WYMV to detect their resistance. In field trial of virus infection, one of the transgenic wheat lines, P8-T2, exhibited highly disease-resistance. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of cp gene in the resistant transgenic line was reduced greatly compared to those susceptible to WYMV infection. This provided evidence to presume that the resistance obtained by the transgenic wheat line was stimulated by the mechanism of the virus induced gene silencing.     

Function of resveratrol derived from transgenic plant expressing resveratrol synthase gene

Two genes from grapevine coding for resveratrol synthase, named RS1 and RS2, were cloned by RT-PCR. AnEscherichia coli expression vector was constructed by insertion of RS1 into pBV221. A specific protein with the same molecular weight (42 ku) as the resveratrol synthase was expressed and used to prepare the rabbit antiserum. A plant expression vector was constructed by inserting the RS1 gene into pBin438 downstream of the doubled CaMV 35S promoter and TMV-Ω fragment. PCR-positive transgenic tobacco plants were obtained after transformation withAgrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the foreign gene was integrated into the tobacco genome. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot indicated that the RS1 gene was transcribed and expressed. Formation of resveratrol in transgenic tobacco was further determined by thin-layer chromatography of silica gel and HPLC. Increased accumulation of human breast adenocarcinoma cells in G₀ and G₁ phases of cell cycle was observed in cells treated with resveratrol purified from transgenic tobacco as compared to the untreated cells.