多菌种混合发酵生产百合泡菜工艺初探

分析了传统发酵老盐水中的优势菌群，初步确定菌种比例．通过对多菌种发酵生产百合泡菜的工艺条件进行初步探索，得出了最优发酵条件(菌种比例为7：2：1，加糖量为5％，培养温度为28℃，培养时间为3d)．产品色、香、味俱佳，安全可口．为工业化大生产提供了技术依据。     

采用阶段处理和多菌种固态发酵玉米秸秆的研究

目的 采用阶段处理和多菌种固态发酵玉米秸杆，提高玉米秸杆的饲料营养价值。方法 利用氨化法和白腐真菌Lx对玉米秸秆进行前处理，将康宁木霉和选育出的高活性黑曲霉Sy，瘤胃细菌X4，酵母Y2，接种于前处理过的玉米秸杆上进行多菌种共发酵。由正交试验得出最适培养条件。结果 在发酵温度30℃，pH5，发酵9d后，粗蛋白含量达24．61％，粗纤维降解率为48．37％。结论 该法为利用玉米秸杆生产蛋白饲料提供了新途径。     

蔬菜废弃物固体发酵生产饲料蛋白

通过平板点种刺激圈及混合菌种发酵试验，确定高山娃娃菜废弃物发酵的最佳菌种组合及其最佳接种量和接种比例；通过固体发酵试验，确定了发酵培养基的最佳氮源、无机盐以及添加量；采用正交实验，确定了最佳发酵条件．结果表明：采用绿色木霉＋白地霉＋产朊假丝酵母为发酵菌种，加入1％的尿素、1．5％的硫酸铵、0．2％硫酸镁、0．4％的磷酸氢二钾和0．4％的过磷酸钙，采用不灭菌固体发酵工艺，并按接种10％，比例为1：2：2，蔬菜废弃物和麸皮（比例为85：15），在1L的三角瓶中投放量100g，温度27℃下发酵96h，产物蛋白质含量高达15．97％，提高了75％，营养成分平衡后，易作为饲料．     

豆乳的乳酸菌发酵研究

从发酵酸牛乳手工业生产菌株中筛选出菌种活力高，产酸能力强的两株乳酸菌：ＨＬｂ（保加利亚乳杆菌）和ＨＳｔ（嗜热乳酸链球菌）二者协同作用，使酸豆乳的生产周期较以往资料所报道的缩短３７．５％，酸度提高２０％。     

共固定化多菌种混合发酵生产稠酒的研究

对以糯米为原料，采用多菌种共固定化细胞混合技术对发酵生产稠酒进行了研究，实验结果表明，固定化多菌种发酵生产稠酒的最佳发酵工艺如下：多菌种固定化细胞接种配比量为根霉：酿酒酵母：产香酵母：红曲霉＝３：１：２：１；固定化凝胶粒子充填量为８％；发酵温度为２０℃；发酵时间为９６ｈ。     

牦牛酸奶的加工工艺研究

用牦牛鲜奶经脱脂、乳脂标准化后加工制得酸奶．经检测，酸度为９０℃～１００℃，口感甜润，奶味清香可口．所用菌种比例为保加利亚杆菌：乳酸链球菌＝２∶１．发酵时间为２００～２２０ｍｉｎ，含糖量不超过７％．     

平菇液体菌种发酵条件的研究

对平菇液体菌种的碳氮营养需求及培养条件进行了研究．结果表明：黑平王（平菇）菌株能利用多种碳氮源，其中碳源以玉米粉为最好，有机氮优于无机氮，豆饼粉为最佳氮源．培养基最佳组合为玉米粉2％，豆饼粉1.5％，KH2PO4 0．15％，MgSO4 0．1％，pH6．最适培养条件为25℃，摇床转速140r／min，接种量8％，装液量为100mL发酵液／300mL三角瓶，发酵时间为4d．     

维生素C二步发酵利用液氮管菌悬液制备种液的研究

在维生素C二步发酵中，所需进罐种液的生产工艺，传统方法是利用菌种保藏斜面通过干接法或湿接法接种所得。菌种斜面的制备周期较长，并且不同批次的斜面质量不同，不利于种液质量及发酵生产的稳定。本文对Ⅱ步菌种通过用液氮管法制备种液用于进罐的工艺进行了研究，并对两种种液生产方法进行了比较。     

固态发酵酿造糟渣制备菌体蛋白饲料

用木霉、扣囊拟内孢霉和丝孢酵母固态发酵酱油渣、醋糟制备菌体蛋白饲料，培养料配比为酱油渣６０％，醋糟２０％，麦麸１０％，玉米面１０％，无机营养盐适量。经１２１℃，３０ｍｉｎ或１００℃，６０ｍｉｎ灭菌后，以１０％接种等量混合的固体菌种开放培养４２ｈ后，物料收率８２％左右，蛋白含量２４．６％，粗纤维含量２２．３％，每克干料中的生物量为３．５×１０９。     

液体发酵云芝蛋白多糖的分离及其鉴定

放射诱变筛选出的高产云芝菌种用液体发酵法培养的菌丝体和发酵液经热水提取、乙醇沉淀、１万分子量截面超滤得到淡黄灰色粉末状云芝图丝体蛋白多糖和橙灰色状的发酵液蛋白多糖，菌丝体和发酵液蛋白多糖的糖含量，蛋白质含量分别为６２．４％、２３．５％，与４３．８％、２７．１％。与日本商品云芝蛋白多糖（ＰＳ－Ｄ（相比较，发酵云芝菌丝体蛋白多糖在红外、紫外吸收，物理常数、单糖和氨基酸的组成上是一致，后者在纯度上则高于     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-