超临界流体废弃线路板回收工艺

文章研究了以超临界CO2流体回收处理废弃印刷线路板的工艺过程,采取正交试验分析了温度、压力、反应时间和夹带剂含量等试验参数对线路板分层效果的影响,采用质谱仪对高分子黏结材料分解产物组成进行分析。结果表明,线路板分层直接原因是树脂黏结材料的分解,分层效果受温度影响较大。     

废弃印刷线路板超临界CO2回收实验研究

研究了以超临界CO2回收处理废弃印刷线路板的工艺过程，实验表明在270℃、35MPa和4h的反应条件下，线路板各材料层分离效果明显，金属材料层和玻璃纤维强化层可以很容易地实现各自的高效率回收再利用．分析了温度、压力、反应时间对线路板分层效果的影响，采用ANSYS8．0软件分析了超临界流体环境下印刷线路板内部的应力分布．实验结果表明：线路板分层的直接原因是由于高温高压产生的内部应力以及树脂层粘结材料被超临界流体破坏；分层效果受温度影响较大．     

废弃电路板回收技术与方法研究进展

随着电子制造业飞速发展,废弃电路板急剧增加,如何有效处理废弃电路板并提高它的利用率已成为大家所关注的热点问题。废弃电子线路板如果处理不当将会对环境造成严重的污染,综合利用好废弃电路板又可产生巨大的经济价值。本文阐述我国进行废弃电子线路板回收和处理的重要性和紧迫性,在此基础上,分别对废弃电路板机械处理法、化学法、生物湿法冶金技术、超临界流体技术等回收与处理技术与方法的研究现状进行了综述,并对其研究重点和发展趋势做出展望。     

溴化环氧树脂印刷线路板的中温热解实验

利用热重法进行了溴化环氧树脂(FR4)印刷线路板不同升温速率的热解特性试验研究,并利用热重和热重微分曲线的信息计算了动力学三参数.利用固定床热解试验装置进行了大颗粒FR4型线路板中温热解实验,并利用GC-MS,FT-IR和SEM检测了热解产物.结果表明:①FR4型线路板热解温度区间为300,℃～400,℃,热解反应活化能107.70 kJ/mol,指前因子为2.22×109/s,反应级数为1;②热解气体产物主要为CO、CO2、溴甲烷及少量的丙酮和C1～C3卤代烷烃;热解液体产物主要为苯酚和烷基苯酚,还有其他C6～C17芳香族如苯、烷基苯等成分;③固体产物包括金属片和含碳的玻璃纤维,可手动实现金属和玻璃纤维的分离富集,富集的金属包含大量的铜和少量的金、镍等贵重金属,富集的玻璃纤维包含碳、硅、氧、钙和铝等元素.     

FR 4型废旧线路板超临界CO2流体回收工艺分析

建立回收工艺模型,利用中心复和设计方法对FR-4型废旧线路板的超临界CO2流体回收工艺进行实验研究.分析温度和处理时间对线路板的分层率、玻璃纤维布的纬向抗拉强度及二者综合效应的影响;建立回收工艺输出工艺参数的多元二次模型方程,由此得到超临界CO2回收FR-4型线路板的最佳温度和处理时间,并通过实验验证最佳温度和处理时间的准确性.     

废弃印刷线路板催化热解的试验研究

在固定床反应器惰性气氛条件下,分别在无催化剂、铜粉和ZSM-5型分子筛存在时对FR-4型溴化环氧树脂基板进行热解试验,计算了不同条件下的产物产率和结焦率,并对热解油350 ℃以下馏分进行了GC-MS分析.结果表明,不同反应条件下气体和液体产率有所差异,使用分子筛与不使用催化剂所制热解油的产物组成比较相似,而在铜粉催化条件下,液体产物与其他两种催化条件下液体产物差别较大.     

超临界水中甲醛气化的实验研究

以葡萄糖在超临界水气化制氢中的中间产物甲醛为对象,研究了其在超临界水中的气化过程.结果表明:甲醛气化生成的气体产物主要成分是H2、CO2和CO,液体产物主要成分是CH3OH、CH3OCH2OCH3和CH3OOCH;反应温度、压力、时间以及物料含量对反应产物存在影响,其中压力和物料含量对气化过程影响较大;低压下低温有利于H2生成,高压下高温更有利于H2生成;反应时间长、甲醛初始含量低亦有利于H2的生成.根据气化后的气、液态产物及其含量,确定了甲醛在超临界水中气化转换的路径.     

聚碳酸酯在超临界乙醇中的降解

利用高压间歇反应器研究了聚碳酸酯(PC)在215~286°C、3.1~8.2 M Pa条件下乙醇溶液中的降解行为。通过气相色谱/质谱(GC/M S)和气相色谱(GC)对液相产物进行了定性和定量分析,同时分别通过红外(IR)和气相色谱对固相产物和气相产物进行了定性分析,在此基础上,提出了PC在超临界乙醇中的降解机理和降解反应模型,并进行了动力学研究。结果表明:PC在乙醇溶液中的降解可分为3个区域:超临界区、非超临界区和中间过渡区。在超临界区中,PC可实现完全降解,其主要单体双酚A(BPA)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)的收率分别为92.26%和88.92%。在超临界区PC的降解活化能为89.73 kJ/m o l;在非超临界区,PC的降解活化能为21.02 kJ/m o l。     

陕北中低温煤焦油在超临界甲醇中轻质化探索研究

在间歇式高压反应釜中,采用超临界甲醇对陕北中低温煤焦油进行提取处理,并对产物进行分离,通过单因素以及正交试验考察甲醇添加量、压力、温度和搅拌速率等反应条件对轻质油收率的影响。实验结果表明：甲醇添加量对萃取结果影响最大,其次是压力;温度及搅拌转速对抽提结果的影响较小,最后得到陕北中低温煤焦油在超临界甲醇中轻质化的最佳条件为：甲醇与中低温煤焦油体积比10:1,压力9 MPa,温度250℃,超声转速30 r/min,轻油收率为78.9%。通过探索煤焦油在超临界状态下轻质化过程,有利于煤焦油进一步开发和利用。     

蓝藻在超临界乙醇中液化反应动力学的研究

 采用高温高压反应釜,对蓝藻在超临界乙醇中的液化进行研究.考察了反应温度、反应时间、料液比等对蓝藻液化转化率的影响.研究表明,当反应温度270℃,反应时间40 min,蓝藻原料质量与乙醇体积比为1 g/15mL时,其液化转化率可达86.6%.采用模型法对蓝藻在超临界乙醇中液化反应动力学进行研究.动力学计算表明,该液化反应的表观活化能为50.793 kJ/mol,频率因子为3 437.16.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.