聚四氟乙烯型印刷线路板的热解实验

利用热重(TG)法进行了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)型印刷线路板不同升温速率的热解特性实验研究,建立了表观热解反应动力学模型.利用固定床热解试验装置进行了PTFE线路板热解实验,利用气-质联用(GC-MS)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别检测了热解气体和固体产物.结果表明:a.所建热解模型与实验数据符合较好,求得动力学三参数分别为活化能223.606 kJ/mol,反应级数0,指前因子1.529×1013min-1;b.热解气体产物主要为八氟环丁烷.手动剥离即可实现金属和玻璃纤维等组分的分离富集,富集的金属片主要为铜片及其镀层上含有少量的金、镍等贵重金属;富集的玻璃纤维中含有大量的碳,还有一定量的O,F,Al,Si,Ca,Ti等元素.     

麦草碱法黑液热解的产物特性及释放规律

对麦草碱法制浆黑液固形物(BLS) 400 ～ 800℃热解产物组成特性进行了研究.采用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对热解气相产物和液相产物组成进行了全面分析;利用扫描电镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)对固相产物的表面形貌及元素分布进行了表征.借助热重红外联用技术(TG-FTIR)探讨了热解过程中主要产物的释放规律.结果表明,BLS热解产物中,气相产物主要成分为H2、CO、CO2以及CxHy(CH4、C2H2、C2H4、C2H6)等,液相产物中主要是酚类、酮类、醇类、醚类、酸类、呋喃以及芳香化合物.TG-FTIR结果显示,BLS热解产物释放时间主要集中在l 000 ～2 000 s(300 ～600℃),此时BLS释放的产物主要为H2O、CO2、CH4、CO,以及烷烃类、芳烃类、酚醇类和酮类化合物.     

桉木APMP制浆废液固形物的热解特性

采用热重-傅里叶红外光谱联用(TG-FTIR)技术对桉木碱性过氧化氢法(APMP)制浆废液固形物(ASLS)热裂解过程中主要挥发性产物的释放规律进行了研究,结合高温静态水平管式炉快速热解及气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发分组成进行了确认.TG-FTIR结果表明,ASLS热解过程分为3个阶段,热解温度区间分别为200 ～371℃、371 ～530℃和745 ～986℃,第1热解阶段的主要产物为CO2,占总产物的90％以上,第2热解阶段的主要产物为CO2、CH4、醛酮类化合物和酚醇类化合物,第3热解阶段的主要产物为CO.GC分析结果显示,H2、CH4、CO、CO2、C2 H4和C2H6是热解的主要不可冷凝产物.GC-MS分析结果表明:醛酮类和酚类化合物是ASLS热解过程中的主要可冷凝产物,这与TG-FTIR结果相一致；醛酮类化合物在600℃左右达到最大产率41.43％.     

超临界乙醇抽提废弃线路板的实验研究

以超临界乙醇为抽提溶剂,在反应温度为280℃、反应压力为7.4MPa、反应时间为60min的条件下对FR-4型溴化环氧树脂基板进行超临界乙醇抽提实验研究,并对其抽提液体和固体产物进行分析,计算其抽提率和结焦率。结果表明,利用超临界乙醇抽提废弃线路板具有高抽提率和低结焦率的特点;抽提反应完成后废弃线路板各材料层之间分离效果明显,且玻璃纤维可以回收利用;液体产物中的主要成分是苯酚及其衍生物和微量的Br、P、S、N等化合物。     

废印刷线路板粉碎处理中热解污染的试验研究

为减少废印刷线路板粉碎时的热解污染,改善其环境友好性,进行了试验研究。在冲击试验中,引入红外热成像技术模拟、估算局部温度;联合使用热重及裂解Fourier变换红外谱,分析了FR-4线路板的热解特性和产物组分。试验发现:冲击粉碎中局部高温可达300~350℃,而在270~350℃范围内FR-4线路板存在剧烈的热解失重。热解产物可能包括溴代烃、甲苯、溴苯、溴甲苯及少量的酚、甲酚、溴酚等。局部高温是造成粉碎中热解污染物释放和积累的根本原因,因此,有必要改进粉碎工艺使局部温升限制在裂解温度以下。     

废线路板催化热解脱溴产物和重金属的分布特征

在固定床反应器真空气氛条件下,研究不同添加剂与废线路板共热解特性,分析各相产物中重金属及溴的分布特征。研究结果表明:活性Al2O3添加剂与废线路板共热解体系质量损失最多,FeOOH和活性Al2O3的加入能促进热裂解,液体产物增加,其主要成分70%~80%为芳烃类有机物,添加剂加入后,热解油中溴化芳烃类有机物减少,小分子物质如苯酚等含量增加,其中加入Fe3O4得到的液体产物中苯酚所占比例高达50.16%,FeOOH存在时,液体产物中基本未检出溴。重金属Cu,Cr,Ni和Zn主要分布在固体残渣中,加入添加剂均能促使重金属富集固定在热解渣中。     

木质素热解的TG-FTIR实验研究

利用热重红外分析仪(TG-FTIR)对木质素进行热重分析及主要气相产物分析,并探讨了升温速率和碱金属盐对木质素热解过程的影响规律。结果表明：随着升温速率的增加,挥发分析出阶段DTG曲线的峰型变宽,热解起始温度、最大失重峰温均向高温侧移动,且较高的升温速率不利于气相产物的析出。添加碳酸钠、碳酸钙和碳酸钾对木质素热解主反应区反应速率的影响较小,相比碱金属盐的加入量而言最终热解固体产物略有增加,同时碱金属盐的添加对气相产物的析出有明显抑制作用。与其它两种碱金属盐相比,碳酸钙的加入对600~700℃温度区间内木质素热解产生的CO和CO₂产量有一定的促进作用。     

木质素热解的热重红外分析仪实验研究

利用热重红外分析仪(TG-FTIR)对木质素进行热重分析及主要气相产物分析;并探讨了升温速率和碱金属盐对木质素热解过程的影响规律。结果表明:随着升温速率的增加,挥发分析出阶段DTG曲线的峰型变宽,热解起始温度、最大失重峰温均向高温侧移动;且较高的升温速率不利于气相产物的析出。添加碳酸钠、碳酸钙和碳酸钾对木质素热解主反应区反应速率的影响较小,相比碱金属盐的加入量而言,最终热解固体产物略有增加;同时碱金属盐的添加对气相产物的析出有明显抑制作用。与其他两种碱金属盐相比,碳酸钙的加入对600~700℃温度区间内木质素热解产生的CO和CO_2产量有一定的促进作用。     

基于热重-红外联用技术的狼尾草热解过程分析

通过热重-红外联用技术在线分析研究了狼尾草在慢速升温条件下的热裂解行为和机理。结果表明,狼尾草的热分解主要发生在220～500℃,500℃以后热失重非常缓慢,在此温度下固体残留物的质量分数为5.33%。在线红外分析表明狼尾草热解产物主要有CO、CO2、烷烃、醛类、酸类等物质。根据热重曲线和红外谱图,将热解过程分阶段进行了热解动力学的研究,狼尾草热解3个阶段的活化能分别为301.51、88.39和330.58 kJ/mol。     

废旧乱线的热重分析及中试试验研究

利用差热热重分析仪研究了废旧乱线（PE线）外皮热解特性,通过热重和热重微分曲线得出动力学3参数,同时应用独立建设的中试设备进行了PE线的热解试验.试验结果表明：PE线热解温度区间较长,为267～580℃,活化能和指前因子分别为259.19kJ/mol和3.79×1017 min-1,反应级数为1;热解产物既有烃类大分子...     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to