PTPα基因敲除对小鼠海马CA1区突触可塑性的影响

通过PTPα基因敲除（knockout）小鼠来研究海马突触可塑性的变化，在海马schaffer collateral—CA1通路中采用场电位记录的方法研究发现，与Wild Type相比较，基因敲除小鼠的Long Term Potentiation（LTP）增强而Long Term Depression（LTD）受到抑制，去增强效应消失。θ频率诱导的LTP增强，但是其基本的突触传递性质并没有发生变化．     

Long-term potentiation of prefrontal cortex in NR1 knockout mice

利用前脑特异性NR1基因敲除小鼠,采用离体脑片场电位技术,研究了NR1亚基在前额叶脑区突触可塑性中的作用.刺激强度—反应( input-output curve)和双脉冲抑制反应(paired pulse depression,PPD)的结果表明,与同窝对照组小鼠相比,NR1基因敲除小鼠前额叶脑区的基本突触传递无明显变化.采用高频刺激(100 Hz,1 000 ms×2,间隔30 s)在小鼠的前额叶脑区诱导长时程增强( long-term potentiation,LTP),与对照组小鼠相比,NR1基因敲除小鼠前额叶脑区的LTP明显受损.以上数据提示,NR1亚基在前额叶脑区LTP的诱导中起着重要的作用.     

NR1基因敲除对小鼠前额叶脑区LTP的影响

用前脑特异性NR1基因敲除小鼠,采用离体脑片场电位技术,研究了NR1亚基在前额叶脑区突触可塑性中的作用.刺激强度—反应(input-output curve)和双脉冲抑制反应(paired pulse depression, PPD)的结果表明,与同窝对照组小鼠相比,NR1基因敲除小鼠前额叶脑区的基本突触传递无明显变化.采用高频刺激(100 Hz, 1 000 ms ×2, 间隔30 s)在小鼠的前额叶脑区诱导长时程增强(long-term potentiation, LTP),与对照组小鼠相比,NR1基因敲除小鼠前额叶脑区的LTP明显受损.以上数据提示,NR1亚基在前额叶脑区LTP的诱导中起着重要的作用.     

Presenilins条件性双基因敲除小鼠海马与皮层超微结构的增龄性变化

为研究Presenilins条件性双基因敲除对于小鼠海马与皮层超微结构的影响,选用3、6及12月龄Presenilins 1/Presenilins 2双敲除小鼠(dKO)和同窝对照小鼠(CON),运用透射电子显微镜技术,分别观察海马与皮层突触、细胞核、线粒体、溶酶体超微结构的改变.结果发现:3月龄dKO小鼠海马与皮层溶酶体已向次级溶酶体转化.6月龄dKO小鼠海马与皮层的突触后致密物厚度显著降低;皮层细胞核膜内陷,核不规则;海马与皮层线粒体出现肿胀、嵴变形或消失;出现高电子密度的次级溶酶体,并伴有脂褐素小体出现.12月龄dKO小鼠海马与皮层突触后致密物厚度显著减小,突触间隙宽度显著增加;海马与皮层核膜内陷,染色质固缩沿核膜分布;线粒体严重受损,嵴大部分溶解;出现较多次级溶酶体和脂褐素小体.Presenilins条件性双基因敲除对小鼠海马与皮层有增龄性的病理影响,这些病理改变将为相关的药物评价和对阿尔茨海默病的深入研究提供形态学依据.     

大鼠海马CA1区β2肾上腺素能受体激活抑制晚期相长时程增强

海马在陈述性学习和记忆中起关键作用,海马内长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)被认为是学习和记忆的突触机制.β肾上腺素能受体(β受体)在海马中大量分布.实验室先前工作表明,在CA1和CA3区,β1受体和β2受体有不同的亚细胞分布.大量的研究工作证实了β1受体在LTP中的重要作用,而关于β2受体在LTP中的作用所知甚少.研究应用在体场电位记录方法,研究β2受体激活对CA1区LTP的影响.实验结果表明,CA1区内给予β2受体激动剂Clenbuterol(10 ng)能显著抑制晚期相LTP,但对早期相LTP没有显著效应;Clenbuterol对晚期相LTP的抑制效应能被β2受体拮抗剂ICI 118551所逆转.这些结果提示,海马CA1区内β2受体的激活抑制晚期相LTP的维持.     

姜黄素对IL-6损伤的大鼠海马神经元的功能性保护作用及机制

目的:探讨姜黄素对IL-6损伤的大鼠海马神经元的功能性保护作用及其机制.方法:应用离体脑片记录技术,记录大鼠海马CA1区的兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP),给予Schaffer侧支高频电刺激(HFS)诱发长时程增强(LTP),观察不同药物处理组EPSP起始斜率的变化情况.结果:与对照组相比,IL-6和N-甲基D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对大鼠海马脑片的LTP产生明显的抑制作用(P<0.05);而姜黄素可部分拮抗IL-6和NMDA对海马脑片LTP的抑制作用,与模型组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6、姜黄素和NMDA对大鼠海马神经元的基础突触传递无影响.结论:姜黄素对海马神经元具有功能性保护作用,其机制可能是作用于神经元细胞膜上的NMDA受体,拮抗IL-6引起神经元功能异常.     

酒精对大鼠外侧穿通纤维-CA3区LTP诱导的影响

目的:研究酒精对大鼠外侧穿通纤维(lateral perforant path,LPP)-CA3区(LPP-CA3)长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)诱导阶段的影响及可能的机制.方法:用细胞外电生理记录方法,通过向海马CA3区分别微量注射酒精(Alcohol)、阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮(naloxone)和GABAA受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱(bicucul-line,BIC),以海马CA3区群体兴奋性突触后电位(field excitory postsynaptic potentials,fEPSP)斜率改变为指标,观察高频刺激引起的LTP诱导的变化.结果:①酒精剂量依赖性地抑制LTP的诱导;②纳洛酮和BIC均可以部分减轻酒精对LTP诱导的抑制作用.结论:内源性阿片系统和GABA能系统参与了酒精对LPP-CA3通路LTP诱导的调制.     

海马MF-CA3突触习得性LTP诱导后PPF效应的变化

采用电生理学与行为学结合的方法，通过慢性微电极埋植技术及双脉冲检测技术，观察大鼠海马MF-CA3突触在明暗辨别学习过程中形成习得性长时程增强（Long-term potentiation, LTP）后双脉冲易化（Paired-pulse facilitation, PPF）效应的变化. 结果表明:Mossy fibers-CA3（MF-CA3）突触习得性LTP形成前的PPF易化率为138.36%9.25%，形成后则为114.75%8.42%，差异极显著（p 0.01），而基线对照组在长达7天的检测中，PPF易化率稳定在140%左右. 研究结果显示，MF-CA3突触的习得性LTP的表达可能与突触前递质释放的改变有关.     

脊髓长时程增强与疼痛及其机制的研究新进展

长时程增强（long-term potentiation,LTP）是通过短暂的高频强直刺激诱发突触传递效能的持久性增大,广泛存在于中枢神经系统,最先是在海马上发现的,被认为是学习和记忆的神经基础。除海马外,目前对脊髓LTP的研究也较多,多集中在脊髓背角感觉神经元。脊髓背角LTP现已被认为是一种＂痛记忆＂,是长期慢性疼痛、痛觉记忆、痛觉过敏的神经基础。     

突触可塑性与学习记忆

以LTP为例,通过综述前人实验及理论,对突触可塑性的两种表现形式:即结构可塑性和 传递效能可塑性与学习记忆的关系进行了研究.突触可塑性被认为是学习记忆的神经学基础,而其 中最受人们关注、研究最多的是突触传递的长时程增强(LTP).     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.