四轮驱动EV自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波状态估计

针对四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车转矩控制中整车质心侧偏角等关键状态参数无法直接检测及车速等测量值易受到随机误差干扰的问题,建立四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车七自由度动力学模型,进行整车行驶状态参数滤波估计.结合抗差滤波原理及无迹粒子滤波算法,提出一种整车状态滤波估计方法.运用自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波,实现电动汽车行驶过程中纵向速度、侧向速度和质心侧偏角的准确滤波估计.搭建CarSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真实验平台对估计算法进行验证.结果表明:所搭建四轮毂电机驱动汽车动力学模型对整车行驶状态具有较高的预测精度;基于自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波算法能实现整车行驶状态估计,能有效对测量参数进行滤波,且具有较高的估计精度.     

基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的分布式驱动电动汽车车辆状态参数估计

以精确估计车辆状态参数为目标,提出了一种基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的车辆状态参数估计算法,采用非线性三自由度车辆模型,将模糊控制与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,实现对系统测量噪声的自适应调整,通过对方向盘转角,纵向加速度和横向加速度等低成本传感器信息融合实现对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的状态估计.应用CarSim与Matlab/Simulink建立分布式驱动电动汽车整车模型并且联合仿真对估计算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波比无迹卡尔曼滤波更能有效准确地进行车辆状态参数估计,在双移线工况中,质心侧偏角估计精度提高了6.7%,横摆角速度估计精度提高了4.8%.      

基于遗传粒子滤波的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法

质心侧偏角估计是汽车稳定性控制系统中的关键技术.为了解决现有估计方法对轮毂驱动电动汽车信息利用不充分、估计精度低的问题,提出一种基于遗传粒子滤波(GPF)的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法.利用魔术轮胎公式,融合轮毂驱动电动汽车车轮上驱动与制动力矩信息,建立非线性车辆动力学模型,实现轮胎纵向力与侧向力计算,完成质心侧偏角估计器的搭建.针对车辆动力学模型的强非线性及传统粒子滤波算法粒子退化、计算量大的问题,设计适用于强非线性系统并且能够有效抑制退化、减小计算量的遗传粒子滤波算法对质心侧偏角进行估计.仿真结果表明:所提出的估计方法能够提高质心侧偏角的估计精度和鲁棒性.     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的汽车状态参数估计

由于部分汽车状态参数无法直接通过传感器获得,为了提高这些参数的估计精度以准确判断汽车行驶过程中的状态变化,增强控制系统的鲁棒性,文中提出了基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的汽车状态参数估计方法.该方法在传统卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对汽车质心侧偏角、横摆角速度、路面附着系数等状态参数进行估计,并运用Simulink与Carsim进行联合仿真.结果表明,无迹卡尔曼滤波算法响应快,估计精度较扩展卡尔曼滤波高,能满足车辆高级动力学控制系统的控制需要.     

考虑行驶稳定性的四轮转向车辆路径跟踪控制研究

为了改善高速和低附着路面上无人驾驶车辆的行驶稳定性和保障行车安全,以四轮转向车辆为研究对象提出了一种考虑行驶稳定性的路径跟踪控制方法。首先基于模型预测控制算法设计了四轮转向路径跟踪控制器,然后根据质心侧偏角-质心侧偏角速度相平面稳定域和零质心侧偏角控制目标设计了车辆状态参数包络约束,在路径跟踪算法中加入轮胎侧偏角约束和车辆状态参数包络约束,保证车辆行驶时的稳定性。CarSim和Simulink联合仿真结果表明,采用基于包络线稳定性控制策略的车辆在高速行驶时或在低附着路面上行驶时能保持良好的路径跟踪能力并具有较好的行驶稳定性。     

车辆纵向力和质心侧偏角层级估计方法设计与验证

为提高车辆状态估计结果的精度与可靠性,设计了一种车辆纵向力和质心侧偏角层级估计方法。研究了一种用于车辆行驶状态估计的加权容积卡尔曼滤波,采用移动窗估计法调整测量噪声的协方差矩阵,根据不同时刻信息对测量噪声统计的有用性,动态调整窗口中不同时刻信息的权重,从而提高车辆状态观测器的滤波精度。根据电驱动轮模型特点,并考虑轮胎松弛长度来构造纵向力微分方程,从而设计了纵向力观测器。在纵向力估计的基础上,将上层的纵向力估计值视为伪量测值,利用三自由度车辆动力学模型设计了基于级联卡尔曼滤波的车辆行驶状态估计策略,实现了车辆质心侧偏角估计。进行了变速正弦转向工况和定速Fishhook转向工况下的CarSim/Simulink联合仿真试验以及实车试验,结果表明:所提方法整体估计精度相比扩展卡尔曼滤波提升了6.82%,具有较高的估计精度和实时跟踪效果,满足车辆应用需求。     

车辆行驶状态无迹卡尔曼软测量

为了有效解决电动汽车在行驶过程中的车速、质心侧偏角和横摆角速度等参数低成本测量的问题,采用无迹卡尔曼搭建了软测量算法,该算法充分考虑了电动汽车非线性的车辆运动状态估计,对于轮胎侧向力的估计采用非线性的魔术轮胎模型。最终,通过联合仿真实验方法验证了所建立的软测量算法能够准确、实时地估计出电动汽车的运动参数。     

基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的车辆质心侧偏角融合估计算法

针对车辆在高速紧急避让工况下质心侧偏角难以直接测量的问题,提出一种基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的质心侧偏角融合估计算法。在车辆二自由度动力学模型的基础上,提出一种轮胎侧偏刚度估计方法,构建基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波的质心侧偏角估计算法。根据质心侧偏角和车辆纵向、侧向加速度的关系,构建基于积分法的质心侧偏角估计算法;结合两种估计算法的特点,采用轮胎侧偏刚度的一阶微分表征车辆的非线性程度,设计了一种适用于不同车辆动态特性及路面条件的融合估计算法。Carsim/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,该融合估计算法在不同的车辆动态特性和不同路面条件下具有良好的估计精度和实时性,对传感器信号的噪声、误差鲁棒性强。     

基于支持向量机的车辆质心侧偏角估计

针对动力学建模方法对车辆质心侧偏角进行估计所面临的路面附着系数和车辆参数无法准确获取等缺点,基于统计学理论中的支持向量机对车辆质心侧偏角估计展开研究。选择方向盘转角、车辆速度、横摆角速度和侧向加速度作为支持向量机的特征向量。在Carsim仿真平台设计了20组典型车辆操纵试验作为训练样本得到预测模型,通过2组变附着系数路面上的操稳性试验对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:支持向量机可以有效实现对不同附着路面上车辆质心侧偏角的估计,达到了较高的估计精度,即使车辆发生大侧偏现象使轮胎进入侧偏角-侧偏力曲线的非线性域,该方法仍能够实现质心侧偏角的准确估计,估计的绝对误差不超过1.42°,从而为车辆主动安全控制提供了参考。     

基于模糊滑模观测器与传感器信号积分可拓融合的车辆质心侧偏角估计

车辆质心侧偏角对于车辆横向稳定状态判断具有重要作用，对质心侧偏角的高估或低估都会对稳定性控制系统产生影响. 针对目前质心侧偏角估计方法仍具有较大误差且实用性不强，提出了以降低观测误差及提高估计系统实用性为目标的方法，构建了鲁棒性较强的模糊二阶滑模观测器计算质心侧偏角观测值，同时采用惯性测量单元信号计算质心侧偏角积分值. 之后分析了两种估计方法的优缺点，对质心侧偏角观测估计值与传感器信号积分估计值进行可拓融合，以实现采用传感器信号估计对观测值进行修正. 最后通过Simulink/TruckSim仿真、硬件在环仿真，进行了质心侧偏角估计方法的验证. 在实车定圆加速测试工况中以控制效果论证了所提出方法的有效性. 研究表明所提出方法能够准确反映实际质心侧偏角状态，并且可靠性、实用性均较佳.      

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.