“松材线虫SCAR标记与系列分子检测技术及试剂盒研制”项目通过鉴定

2006年5月，我校森林资源与环境学院叶建仁教授主持完成的“松材线虫SCAR标记与系列分子检测技术及试剂盒研制”通过了江苏省科技厅组织的科技成果鉴定。该项研究对松材线虫与拟松材线虫特异片段进行了系统筛选，共获得了7个松材线虫DNA特异片段与5个拟松材线虫DNA特异片段，为松材线虫与拟松材线虫的分子鉴定奠定了基础。首次将2个松材线虫与2个拟松材线虫的DNA特异片段成功转化为SCAR标记，丰富了松材线虫与拟松材线虫分子标记方法。首次采用SCAR标记方法成功构建了松材线虫检测试剂盒，PCR检测过程仅需2．2h。首次成功标记了一个可用于检测松材线虫的非放射性探针DlG—F2／R1。用该探针对线虫基因组DNA点杂交，松材线虫均表现有较强的杂交信号，而拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、长尾属线虫等均无杂交信号。成功设计、合成了TaqMan探针与其配套的引物对F11／R11。     

福建省松枯死木检测鉴定方法与结果分析

采用常规检测法（贝尔曼漏斗法）研究了松枯死木中的线虫种类、相互存在关系和检出情况。初步将线虫分为4大类：松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫。其在枯死木中的存在关系有14种类型。（1）松材线虫;（2）松材线虫、拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（3）松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;（4）松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（5）松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（6）松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（7）拟松材线虫;（8）拟松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;（9）拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（10）拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（11）伞滑刃属其它线虫;（12）伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（13）非伞滑刃属线虫;（14）无线虫。2008~2010年,松材线虫检出率分别为34.59%、28.21%和24.19%,呈逐年下降趋势;拟松材线虫检出率为14.04%、16.03%和0.8%。每年松材线虫检出率与季节的关系差异不明显,但常年基本上都有松材线虫,为枯死木的取样增加了难度。应用指示剂1号进行快速检测,结果表明,对于松材线虫病木,其准确率达100%。随着时间流失,松材线虫在枯死木中慢慢消失,影响常规检测和快速检测结果,所以尽量在松树枯死初期取样。     

松树寄生线虫的收集与保存

枯死松树体内寄生线虫种类较多,笔者共收集了线虫资源212个株系.按线虫种类分,包括松材线虫171个株系,拟松材线虫22个株系、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫5个株系、薄荷滑刃线虫1个株系、大核滑刃线虫8个株系、长尾属线虫3个株系以及外滑刃科线虫2个株系,松材线虫收集率为80.7%.按线虫来源分,包括中国线虫198个株系、日本线虫10个株系、美国线虫2个株系、加拿大和韩国线虫各1个株系,中国线虫收集率为93.4%.将212个线虫株系用灰葡萄孢菌培养保存,其中173个株系松材线虫、5个株系拟松材线虫及其他线虫5个株系还采用了DNA-20℃和-80℃保存.这是我国首次大规模保存松树线虫资源.     

福建省松枯死木检测鉴定方法与结果分析

采用常规检测法(贝尔曼漏斗法)研究了松枯死木中的线虫种类、相互存在关系和检出情况。初步将线虫分为4大类:松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫。其在枯死木中的存在关系有14种类型。(1)松材线虫;(2)松材线虫、拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(3)松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;(4)松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(5)松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(6)松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(7)拟松材线虫;(8)拟松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;(9)拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(10)拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(11)伞滑刃属其它线虫;(12)伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(13)非伞滑刃属线虫;(14)无线虫。2008~2010年,松材线虫检出率分别为34.59%、28.21%和24.19%,呈逐年下降趋势;拟松材线虫检出率为14.04%、16.03%和0.8%。每年松材线虫检出率与季节的关系差异不明显,但常年基本上都有松材线虫,为枯死木的取样增加了难度。应用指示剂1号进行快速检测,结果表明,对于松材线虫病木,其准确率达100%。随着时间流失,松材线虫在枯死木中慢慢消失,影响常规检测和快速检测结果,所以尽量在松树枯死初期取样。     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫RAPD检测技术

采用RAPD技术对松材线虫和拟松材线虫进行了检测研究,从140个随机引物中筛选出引物OPK09与引物组合OPC18 OPN18。引物OPK09对12个松材线虫株系扩增出一条约2400bp左右的特异片段,引物组合OPC18 OPN18对10个拟松材线虫株系扩增出一条970bp左右的特异片段。实验表明,引物OPK09与引物组合OPC18 OPN18具有特异性强、灵敏度高的优点。用这两组引物可以快速、准确鉴定松材线虫和拟松材线虫。     

3种松材线虫分子检测技术的比较分析

分别用特异性引物法、ITS-PCR-RFLP法和实时荧光PCR法对松材线虫进行了检测,通过检测时间、检测精度和操作情况等方面的比较得出:特异性引物PCR法操作简便、成本低,是目前的常规检测技术;ITS-PCR-PFLP法可以鉴定到小种,相比特异性引物法更具说服力,但耗时较多,适用于线虫种群分化研究和种类鉴定,而不适合作为一种快速检测技术;实时荧光PCR法耗时短,灵敏度高,操作简便安全,只是仪器设备要求较高,适合松材线虫的口岸检验检疫工作.     

福建省松树线虫的研究I.松干伞真滑刃线虫的种类

自2001年7月至2002年12月在福建省各地共采集松树木质部样品256份，分离发现88份（34％）样品中含有伞真滑刃属Bursa phelenchus的线虫8种，本文先报道其中的4种：拟松材线虫Bursnphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya ＆ Enda,1979、赫列尼克斯伞真滑刃线虫B.hellenicus Skarmoutsos G.et al.，1998、霍夫曼尼伞真滑刃线虫B.hofmanni Braasch,H.1998、奇异伞真滑刃线虫B.aberrans Fang,et al.,2002．     

德国入境松木中锥尾伞滑刃线虫新纪录

宁波出入境检验检疫局植检实验室在1份来自德国的松木质包装材料中截获一种伞滑刃线虫,经形态学观察、测量,以及ITS-RFLP图谱比对,鉴定为锥尾伞滑刃线虫（Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus Kanzaki,Tsuda ＆ Futai,2000）.该线虫属松材线虫组,与松材线虫（B.xylophilus）、拟松材线虫（B.mucronatus）、伪伞滑刃线虫（B.fraudulentus）、豆伞滑刃线虫（B.doui）等比较接近,但其雌虫尾较上述线虫更细长（c′=4.5）,并且明显向腹面弯曲,尾尖突位于腹面,长约2～3μm;雄虫交和伞一般呈卵圆形或铲形.目前该线虫仅日本有报道,在德国尚无记载.作者对其形态特征作了描述,并与4个近似种作了比较.     

关于Bursaphelenchus中译名的商榷

鉴于在国内Bursaphelenchus学名的中文名被写成"伞滑刃线虫",作者指出其确切的中文名应当是伞真滑刃线虫,同时,指出其所隶属的Bursaphelenchinae应叫做伞真滑刃亚科,而不应叫做"伞滑刃亚科".此外,该亚科下的另外2个属,Parasitaphelenchus应叫做寄生真滑刃属,而不应叫做"寄生滑刃属",Rhadinaphelenchus应叫做细杆真滑刃属,而不应叫做"细杆滑刃属".     

松材线虫快速检测试剂盒研制

采用引物对K09F2/R对枯死松树内分离的松材线虫、拟松材线虫及其他线虫进行检测,结果表明,所有松材线虫株系均扩增出一条340 bp的清晰、明亮的条带.而拟松材线虫、其他线虫均无扩增产物.利用引物对K09F2/R构建了松材线虫检测试剂盒.采用该试剂盒可使整个检测过程不超过2.5 h;该试剂盒检测灵敏度为1/7 条线虫,达到了对幼虫成功鉴定的目的,且检测结果便于判读,检测费用较低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.