福建省松枯死木检测鉴定方法与结果分析

采用常规检测法（贝尔曼漏斗法）研究了松枯死木中的线虫种类、相互存在关系和检出情况。初步将线虫分为4大类：松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫。其在枯死木中的存在关系有14种类型。（1）松材线虫;（2）松材线虫、拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（3）松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;（4）松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（5）松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（6）松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（7）拟松材线虫;（8）拟松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;（9）拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（10）拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（11）伞滑刃属其它线虫;（12）伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（13）非伞滑刃属线虫;（14）无线虫。2008~2010年,松材线虫检出率分别为34.59%、28.21%和24.19%,呈逐年下降趋势;拟松材线虫检出率为14.04%、16.03%和0.8%。每年松材线虫检出率与季节的关系差异不明显,但常年基本上都有松材线虫,为枯死木的取样增加了难度。应用指示剂1号进行快速检测,结果表明,对于松材线虫病木,其准确率达100%。随着时间流失,松材线虫在枯死木中慢慢消失,影响常规检测和快速检测结果,所以尽量在松树枯死初期取样。     

福建省松枯死木检测鉴定方法与结果分析

采用常规检测法(贝尔曼漏斗法)研究了松枯死木中的线虫种类、相互存在关系和检出情况。初步将线虫分为4大类:松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫。其在枯死木中的存在关系有14种类型。(1)松材线虫;(2)松材线虫、拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(3)松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;(4)松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(5)松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(6)松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(7)拟松材线虫;(8)拟松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;(9)拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(10)拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(11)伞滑刃属其它线虫;(12)伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;(13)非伞滑刃属线虫;(14)无线虫。2008~2010年,松材线虫检出率分别为34.59%、28.21%和24.19%,呈逐年下降趋势;拟松材线虫检出率为14.04%、16.03%和0.8%。每年松材线虫检出率与季节的关系差异不明显,但常年基本上都有松材线虫,为枯死木的取样增加了难度。应用指示剂1号进行快速检测,结果表明,对于松材线虫病木,其准确率达100%。随着时间流失,松材线虫在枯死木中慢慢消失,影响常规检测和快速检测结果,所以尽量在松树枯死初期取样。     

松材线虫实时PCR检测技术

根据松材线虫核糖体DNA内部转录区设计了一对特异引物F11/R11与探针TaqMan-11,构成松材线虫实时PCR检测方法.采用该检测方法对分离自枯死松树体内的松材线虫、拟松材线虫、大核滑刃线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫和长尾属线虫进行检测.结果显示,所有松材线虫株系都能够检测到荧光信号,而拟松材线虫、大核滑刃线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、长尾属线虫以及对照均没有检测到荧光信号.表明探针TaqMan-11与引物组合对松材线虫具有很强的特异性.此外,利用检测方法,在10μL的反应体系中,最少可以检测到0.005 Pg的松材线虫DNA含量.实时PCR也可以成功地检测出单条松材线虫.     

韩国伞滑刃属线虫的形态和分子特征

以锥尾伞滑刃线虫（Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus）作为对照,在韩国不同地域和寄主中采集了15个松材线虫分离物、3 个拟松材线虫的分离物及5个未鉴定的该属的分离物,并对其进行了ITS 和 D2D3 rDNA序列分析。以单条雌线虫的DNA为模板,ITS 和 D2D3 区由PCR仪扩增并克隆其序列。结果表明,所有松材线虫的ITS 和 D2D3 区序列相同,没有种内变异。然而2个采自黑松和红松的拟松材线虫分离物的基因型分别是亚洲型和欧洲型。5个未鉴定线虫的数据表明,它们分别接近B. tusciae、B. lini、B. thailandae、B. doui和 B. hylobianum,该结果同时被形态学结果所支持。利用5种酶（Hinf I、Alu I、Msp I、Hae III、Rsa）,PCR产物克隆并测序的数据也可以区分不同种和基因型。     

松树寄生线虫的收集与保存

枯死松树体内寄生线虫种类较多,笔者共收集了线虫资源212个株系.按线虫种类分,包括松材线虫171个株系,拟松材线虫22个株系、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫5个株系、薄荷滑刃线虫1个株系、大核滑刃线虫8个株系、长尾属线虫3个株系以及外滑刃科线虫2个株系,松材线虫收集率为80.7%.按线虫来源分,包括中国线虫198个株系、日本线虫10个株系、美国线虫2个株系、加拿大和韩国线虫各1个株系,中国线虫收集率为93.4%.将212个线虫株系用灰葡萄孢菌培养保存,其中173个株系松材线虫、5个株系拟松材线虫及其他线虫5个株系还采用了DNA-20℃和-80℃保存.这是我国首次大规模保存松树线虫资源.     

马尾松包装木的树皮象伞真滑刃线虫新记录

2002年从厦门口岸出口的71批货物木包装的83份样品中,多次检出多种伞真滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchusspp.),有拟松材线虫(B.mucronatus)、奇异伞真滑刃线虫(B.aberrans),还从9份马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)木包装样品中检出另一种线虫,经形态学观察、测量,鉴定为树皮象伞真滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchushylobianum(Korenchenko,1980)Hunt,1997).其特征是雄虫交合刺大而强壮,末端有帽状突起,髁突明显突起,靠腹面喙突钝圆,雌虫阴门处有小的阴门盖,尾部末端钝圆,明显向腹面弯曲.室内培养表明该线虫很容易在灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea)培养物上继代繁殖.该线虫为中国的新记录种,马尾松为该线虫的寄主新记录.     

越南枯死松树症状特征和体内寄生线虫种类调查

为确定造成越南松林的枯死是否为松材线虫所为,对越南南部的林同省、中部的承天-顺化省、北部的广宁省的思茅松(Pinus kesiya Royle)、马尾松(P. massoniana Lamb.)和南亚松(P. merkusii jungh et de Vries)松树枯死现象及症状特点进行了调查,分别从52株枯死、濒死、健康松树木质部中抽取木质部样品,进行线虫分离,根据形态学特点确定这些松树体内寄生线虫的种类。调查发现松树在枯死过程中,树冠部分针叶失去光泽,逐渐褪绿变黄,进而褐红干枯,最后整个树冠变为褐色或红褐色,全株枯死,针叶下垂且当年不落; 随着病程的发展,松脂分泌逐渐减少,直至停止; 树干上有天牛产卵刻槽,死亡的松树上有天牛的羽化孔。在抽取的松树样品中分离鉴定到了泰国伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus thailandae)、悬臂伞滑刃线虫(B. gerberae)、中华伞滑刃线虫(B. sinensis)、树木伞滑刃线虫(B. silvestris)、托斯卡纳伞滑刃线虫(B. tusciae)、莱奴尔夫伞滑刃线虫(B. rainulfi)、云杉小蠹伞滑刃线虫(B. rufipennis)和伞滑刃属线虫未定种(B. sp.),调查中未发现重要检疫性病原松材线虫(B. xylophilus)。     

福建省松树线虫的研究I.松干伞真滑刃线虫的种类

自2001年7月至2002年12月在福建省各地共采集松树木质部样品256份，分离发现88份（34％）样品中含有伞真滑刃属Bursa phelenchus的线虫8种，本文先报道其中的4种：拟松材线虫Bursnphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya ＆ Enda,1979、赫列尼克斯伞真滑刃线虫B.hellenicus Skarmoutsos G.et al.，1998、霍夫曼尼伞真滑刃线虫B.hofmanni Braasch,H.1998、奇异伞真滑刃线虫B.aberrans Fang,et al.,2002．     

“松材线虫SCAR标记与系列分子检测技术及试剂盒研制”项目通过鉴定

2006年5月，我校森林资源与环境学院叶建仁教授主持完成的“松材线虫SCAR标记与系列分子检测技术及试剂盒研制”通过了江苏省科技厅组织的科技成果鉴定。该项研究对松材线虫与拟松材线虫特异片段进行了系统筛选，共获得了7个松材线虫DNA特异片段与5个拟松材线虫DNA特异片段，为松材线虫与拟松材线虫的分子鉴定奠定了基础。首次将2个松材线虫与2个拟松材线虫的DNA特异片段成功转化为SCAR标记，丰富了松材线虫与拟松材线虫分子标记方法。首次采用SCAR标记方法成功构建了松材线虫检测试剂盒，PCR检测过程仅需2．2h。首次成功标记了一个可用于检测松材线虫的非放射性探针DlG—F2／R1。用该探针对线虫基因组DNA点杂交，松材线虫均表现有较强的杂交信号，而拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、长尾属线虫等均无杂交信号。成功设计、合成了TaqMan探针与其配套的引物对F11／R11。     

细菌JK JS3对松树线虫的杀线活性及菌种的分子鉴定

分离自马尾松的细菌JK JS3是对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)具有较高杀线活性的拮抗细菌,为了解该菌株对松树体内其他植物线虫的杀线活性并验证经形态学和Biolog方法得到的菌种鉴定结果,笔者测定了该细菌培养滤液对大核滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides macronucleatus)等7种松树体内植物线虫的杀线活性,并对该菌株的16SrDNA基因进行了扩增测序和比对分析。结果表明：该菌株培养液原滤液对测试线虫24h的杀线率均达到了100%,说明该细菌的杀线谱较广,但培养滤液的不同倍数稀释液对不同种线虫的杀线活性有显著差异,10倍稀释液对霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫(B.hofmanni)的杀线活性最高,杀死率为96.9%;其次对李氏长尾线虫(Seinura lii),杀死率为73.7%;再次对松材线虫和拟松材线虫(B.mucronatus),杀死率分别为48.7%和39.0%。而对大核滑刃线虫、吴氏长尾线虫(S.wuae)和外滑刃科线虫(Ektaphelenchidae sp.)的杀死率较低,分别为15%、1.5%和0;该菌株的16SrDNA基因序列BLAST比对结果表明,该菌株与菌株Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42最为接近,相似性为99.86%,处于系统发育树的同一分支,进一步验证了其形态学和Biolog细菌鉴定仪的鉴定结果,确定该菌株的分类地位为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.