烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

“真”、“很”、“太”的多角度分析

副词“真”、“很”、“太”在语义上都有表示程度高的意思,但是三者在语义特征及语法功能上还是存在许多差异。文章从语义内涵、组合能力和语用功能等几个方面进行分析,以期为对外汉语教学者提供一些参考。     

直觉模糊逻辑"与"、"或"算子的研究

在直觉模糊集定义及模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子的基础上 ,利用 F -格的序关系 ,研究了直觉模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子 .给出了直觉模糊逻辑 t-范及 t-余范的定义 ,同时给出了两种新型直觉模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子 ,探讨了直觉模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子的 t-范及 t-余范所具有的性质 .拓广了模糊逻辑中关于生成子的概念 ,给出了阿基米德直觉t-范及 t-余范的表现定理 ,并对不同算子分别进行了研究 .     

“司马牛之叹”是“叹”还是“怨”

语言是文化的载体,尤其是文学作品中文化意象的使用包含着更为广阔、更为深沉的内涵,这就要求译者不但要译出原作的语义信息,而且还要译出原作内在的文化信息。通过对比分析霍克斯及杨宪益、戴乃迭对"司马牛之叹"中"叹"字的不同翻译方法,说明译者只有正确理解原语词义及其文化意蕴,才能更加全面、准确地传达文本及其蕴含的文化信息。     

《文选》与《玉台新咏》

南朝梁时，萧统、萧纲兄弟分别主持编纂了《选》和《玉台新咏》。论对其编撰目的和体例、作家作品录情况、各自的学观和对后世的影响，一一进行了比较研究，从而见出它们的价值与得失。     

从“shillings”到“铜子儿”——论英若诚译《芭芭拉少校》的动态表演性原则

本文通过分析动态表演性原则在英若诚先生所译的《芭芭拉少校》中习语、活句、文化转换、称谓等方面的应用来论证这一原则在戏剧翻译中的可行性。     

消费需求中的"NEEDS"与"WANTS"

在英文中，消费需求包括“Needs”和“Wants”，有人把它们分别译为“需求”或“欲望”，“需要”和“想要”，也有人用“生理需要”和“心理需要”，或“物质需要”与“精神需要”来区分，从意义上讲，这些表述都是有道理的，但从“Needs”和“Wants（也有人用‘desires'）”的定义和表述的简洁来讲，本人更愿意把它们表述为“需求”和“欲求”，即消费者“求其所需”和“求其所欲”的意思，从消费需求的发展来看，二者的区别越来越小，甚至可以互换使用；所以，通常情况下，我们只使用“消费需求”这一概念，而不再对二者进行严格的区分。     

历史上的“中国”、“华夏”与“中华”、“中华民族”之关联

历史上的＂中国＂与现代意义上的＂中国＂在内涵、层次上有所不同。在中国历史语境中,＂华夏＂既可指称古代族群或民族,也可表示一种文化或文明的载体。从历史上的＂中国＂、＂华夏＂到＂中华＂乃至现今＂中华民族＂的发展演变,＂中华＂一词与时俱进,不断地被赋予新的内涵。中华民族的民族过程比中国已经识别的56个民族实体发展缓慢,至今仍然属于＂想象的共同体＂。     

现代汉语"Ⅴ到"与"Ⅴ进"、"Ⅴ见"、"Ⅴ在"、"Ⅴ着"结构的比较

通过对“V＋到”结构同“V＋进”、“V＋见”、“V＋在”、“V＋着”等相关结构的比较，揭示了它们之间的异同，力求为语言使用者提供最佳选择，同时也对相关问题提供了方言方面的佐证。     

《左传》所载"因""报""烝"考辨

就《左传》的记载来看,“因”并非一种婚姻关系,而“报”并不见容于春秋时期的宗法制度。“烝”是在婚姻伦理形成之初,在宗法制度可以容忍的范围内的一种事实婚姻。它既非群婚或转房婚的遗迹,亦不同于周边少数民族的收继婚。对于这种事实婚姻,不同地区、不同的人所持的态度是不同的,既非毫不犹豫的承认,亦非旗帜鲜明的反对。这种情况反映了春秋早期贵族阶层婚姻伦理的相对混乱状态。     

"人文奥运"与"绿色奥运"

“人奥运”和“绿色奥运”北京奥运会的重要理念，“人奥运”是以人为本、追求与人类优秀化精神相结合的奥运，“绿色奥运”以可持续发展理念为指导的、旨在创造良好生态环境的奥运。“人奥运”是北京奥运会的灵魂。是“绿色奥运”的思想基础；“绿色奥运”是“人奥运”的体现，二结合的意义在于人类应在健康洁净的环境中实现身心的和谐发展。