并联机床中工件安装位置决定系统的开发

并联机床由于结构和工作空间极其复杂,在加工工件时经常出现各种干涉.以日本丰田工机公司的HexaM并联机床为模型,讨论了并联机床的自己干涉、机床与工件的干涉、机床与周边器械的干涉的检查方法和回避方法.提出了在不修改刀具轨迹的情况下,通过调整工件的安装位置来回避以上干涉的计算方法.最后通过实验,证明了算法对于在实际加工前检查可能出现的干涉,以及确定出无干涉的工件安装位置是非常有用的.     

8-Membered-ring Transition States of Water Assisted Reactions in Sub-and Super-critical Water

1 Results Sub-and super-critical water is an attractive reaction medium for organic transformation because of their unique properties such as low viscosity,high density,low polarity,high solubility to organic compounds,and,of course,the greenness of the medium[1-3]. We report herein some unique reactions of unsaturated compounds in sub-and super-critical water.When allylbenzene was treated in supercritical water (SCW: 380 ℃,10 min,water density=0.35 g/mL),double bond migrated to give a mixture of allylb...     

Variants in KCNQ1 are associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus

We carried out a multistage genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese individuals, with a total of 1,612 cases and 1,424 controls and 100,000 SNPs. The most significant association was obtained with SNPs in KCNQ1, and dense mapping within the gene revealed that rs2237892 in intron 15 showed the lowest Pvalue (6.7 x 10(-13), odds ratio (OR) = 1.49). The association of KCNQ1 with type 2 diabetes was replicated in populations of Korean, Chinese and European ancestry as well as in two independent Japanese populations, and meta-analysis with a total of 19,930 individuals (9,569 cases and 10,361 controls) yielded a P value of 1.7 x 10(-42) (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.34-1.47) for rs2237892. Among control subjects, the risk allele of this polymorphism was associated with impairment of insulin secretion according to the homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function or the corrected insulin response. Our data thus implicate KCNQ1 as a diabetes susceptibility gene in groups of different ancestries.     

非饱和土吸力中的路径问题

为了明确非饱和土水分特征曲线中吸力的路径问题,使用可以同时实测吸水和失水曲线的吸引法,对几种士试样进行了试验。依据试验结果,对土的种类、粒度级配与吸力路径的关系进行了阐述。进一步对吸力路径分歧的大小以及评价方法作了讨论。     

Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel

Voltage-gated sodium (Na(v)) channels are essential for the rapid depolarization of nerve and muscle, and are important drug targets. Determination of the structures of Na(v) channels will shed light on ion channel mechanisms and facilitate potential clinical applications. A family of bacterial Na(v) channels, exemplified by the Na(+)-selective channel of bacteria (NaChBac), provides a useful model system for structure-function analysis. Here we report the crystal structure of Na(v)Rh, a NaChBac orthologue from the marine alphaproteobacterium HIMB114 (Rickettsiales sp. HIMB114; denoted Rh), at 3.05?? resolution. The channel comprises an asymmetric tetramer. The carbonyl oxygen atoms of Thr?178 and Leu?179 constitute an inner site within the selectivity filter where a hydrated Ca(2+) resides in the crystal structure. The outer mouth of the Na(+) selectivity filter, defined by Ser?181 and Glu?183, is closed, as is the activation gate at the intracellular side of the pore. The voltage sensors adopt a depolarized conformation in which all the gating charges are exposed to the extracellular environment. We propose that Na(v)Rh is in an 'inactivated' conformation. Comparison of Na(v)Rh with Na(v)Ab reveals considerable conformational rearrangements that may underlie the electromechanical coupling mechanism of voltage-gated channels.     

Structure of nandazurine,fromNandina domestica thumb

Zusammenfassung Strukturaufklärung des grünen Farbstoffs Nandazurin, aus Rinden vonNandina domestica Thumb. extrahiert. Chemische Reaktion und Spektren weisen auf eine Zwitterstruktur hin (Formel IaIb).

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The authors are grateful to PresidentM. Tomita, Kyoto College of Pharmacy, for his encouragement in this work.     

Chondroitin proteoglycans are involved in cell division of Caenorhabditis elegans

Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate are extracellular sugar chains involved in intercellular signalling. Disruptions of genes encoding enzymes that mediate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have severe consequences in Drosophila and mice. Mutations in the Drosophila gene sugarless, which encodes a UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, impairs developmental signalling through the Wnt family member Wingless, and signalling by the fibroblast growth factor and Hedgehog pathways. Heparan sulphate is involved in these pathways, but little is known about the involvement of chondroitin. Undersulphated and oversulphated chondroitin sulphate chains have been implicated in other biological processes, however, including adhesion of erythrocytes infected with malaria parasite to human placenta and regulation of neural development. To investigate chondroitin functions, we cloned a chondroitin synthase homologue of Caenorhabditis elegans and depleted expression of its product by RNA-mediated interference and deletion mutagenesis. Here we report that blocking chondroitin synthesis results in cytokinesis defects in early embryogenesis. Reversion of cytokinesis is often observed in chondroitin-depleted embryos, and cell division eventually stops, resulting in early embryonic death. Our findings show that chondroitin is required for embryonic cytokinesis and cell division.     

日本阿武隈川的洪水灾害及其综合治理

通过日本阿武隈川的洪水灾害及其综合治理的实例,阐述日本在防洪整治方面的经验。在讨论了引起洪水灾害的主要原因后,对以河提加固为主的各种方案进行了分析,对于防洪整治的技术难点－－地基防渗问题,重点进行了分析和探讨。