糙皮侧耳Ax3产漆酶条件及部分酶学性质研究

对糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)Ax3菌的漆酶产生条件进行了研究，该菌产漆酶较高的条件是：培养温度25℃，培养基pH5．5，每升C／N含量0．252g／0．021g；加入0．05％～0．1％的吐温可提高漆酶酶活12倍。对漆酶的部分生化性质研究表明：最适反应温度25℃；最适反应pH2．8；琥珀酸缓冲液效果最好；金属离子：Mn^2 ，Cu^2 ，Zn^2 对漆酶有较强的激活作用，其中Mn^2 相对活性最高，Ag^ ，K^ ，Ca^2 ，Fe^2 对漆酶活性有抑制能力，其中Ag^ 的抑制作用明显。     

碱性纤维素酶产生菌株的筛选及其酶学性质研究

【目的】从堆肥中筛选和鉴定产碱性纤维素酶的菌株,对菌株及其酶学特性进行研究。【方法】以刚果红平板染色法进行初筛,摇瓶发酵复筛,分离到高酶活菌株C73。通过形态观察和16SrRNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定。采用DNS定糖法测定发酵液酶活最适pH值、pH值稳定性、最适温度、热稳定性及常见金属离子、SDS、EDTA等对酶活的影响。【结果】该菌株形态呈杆状,革兰氏阳性,不产芽孢,适宜在pH值8.0~11.0、30~37℃条件下生长。16SrRNA序列比对发现,该菌株与琼斯氏菌(Jonesiasp.)PC1序列相似度大于99%,初步鉴定为琼斯氏菌属菌株。在发酵培养基中,菌体浓度和CMCase活力分别在40h和50h达到最大值,随着发酵时间的延长发酵液pH值稳定在9.5左右。粗酶液的最适作用pH值为10.0,此时CMCase活力达2.3U/mL。在pH值8.0~11.0的范围内保持60%以上的酶活;最适作用温度为60℃,且在30~80℃的范围内保持60%以上的酶活。金属离子Mn2+、Co2+和(NH4)2SO4对酶活力有较强的抑制作用。【结论】菌株C73呈现较高的碱性CMCase酶活、较高的热稳定性和pH值稳定性,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及酶学性质研究

从城市生活垃圾中分离到一株分解纤维素能力最强,并产生胞外酶的菌株,初步确定为芽孢杆菌,并对该菌所产的纤维素酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究.该纤维素酶反应最佳温度为50℃;最适 pH7.0;酶在40～50℃热稳定性较好; CMCase活力在 pH 6.0～7.0处可保持70%以上, FPA酶活在pH 6.0～7.0处可保持79%以上; Ca2＋和Mg2＋对酶反应表现为明显的促进作用,而Fe3＋和Mn2＋对酶反应有抑制作用, Na＋、Zn2＋和K＋对酶的影响很小.     

产脂肪酸菌种的筛选及部分酶学性质

从含油污泥中筛选出一株产脂肪酶活力较高的微球菌,此菌最适产酶条件：2％的蛋白胨为氮源,1％的橄榄油为碳源,pH8.0,28℃培养48h．酶学性质研究发现,在28℃和45℃脂肪酶有较高催化活力,其中28℃活力更高些,最佳反应pH为8．0,pH稳定范围在6．0～10．0之间,Ca2 和K 对酶有激活作用,Fe2 ,Cu2 和Mn2 等对酶有抑制作用．     

植酸酶液体发酵条件及酶学性质的研究

植酸酶产生菌黑曲霉 90 3(Aspergillusniger)的最适产酶条件 :初始pH5 .0～ 6 .5 ,温度2 9± 1℃ ,培养时间 4d ,2 5 0ml三角瓶发酵液的装量为 5 0ml,一定量的Fe2 +和Mn2 +对产酶有促进作用 ;酶的最适作用pH为 5 .5～ 6 .0 ,最适作用温度为 37℃ ,该酶在 pH3.0～ 7.0 ,温度 30～ 5 0℃时稳定性较好。     

果胶裂解酶液态发酵条件的研究

通过单因素及正交实验对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)产生果胶裂解酶的发酵条件进行优化,研究了该酶的性质。实验表明,该酶的最适产酶培养基组成为(g·L-1):麸皮60,玉米秸杆40,尿素20,K2HPO4·3H2O 2．0,KCl 7．0,CaCO310．0。最适培养条件为:初始pH 6．0,30℃,接种量8％,培养2 d,此时酶活力为8．47 U／mL。该酶的最适温度50℃,最适pH 6．0。     

产纤维素酶海洋细菌的筛选和酶学性质的初步研究

从病烂的海洋植物中分离到一株高产纤维素酶的菌株TX-12,革兰氏阴性,经鉴定为噬纤维菌属(Cellulophaga sp.)中的一个种.该菌株在温度25℃、培养基起始pH 8.0条件下培养56 h产生碱性纤维素酶活力高达354.8 U/mL.酶学性质初步研究显示,TX-12产生的纤维素酶最适反应pH值为8.0,最适反应温度为60℃,在0～100℃酶活均能保持最高酶活的70%以上.酶液在100℃时仍具有较高的稳定性.Fe2+、Cu2+、Mn2+对酶反应有一定促进作用,Hg2+和Pb2+对酶反应有强烈的抑制作用.     

芽孢杆菌嗜热蛋白酶的性质研究

对芽孢杆菌嗜热蛋白酶的性质进行了研究.该酶的分子量为32kD,最适作用pH为9 0,最适作用温度为85℃,具有良好的pH稳定性(在60℃时,pH稳定范围为6 0～11 0;在80℃时,pH稳定范围为6 0～10 0)和热稳定性(90℃时酶活的半衰期为20min).钙离子和有机溶剂能提高该酶的热稳定性,而EDTA和PMSF则能抑制该酶活性.     

粘质沙雷氏菌脂肪酶的分离纯化

粘质沙雷氏菌L-42发酵液经离心、丙酮沉淀、离子交换层析以及凝胶过滤等步骤,获得了比活性为1166.61 U/mg 的碱性脂肪酶,提取得率为20%,纯化倍数45.57倍,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)上均呈现单一蛋白质条带,显示该酶为单体,SDS-PAGE测得酶的相对分子量约为 50 kDa.酶学特性研究结果表明,该酶的最适反应温度为35 ℃,最适pH值为9.0,在50 ℃以下、pH6.0~10.0范围内保持较好的稳定性. Ca2+、Mg2+ K+、Mn2+、Ni+等对酶有激活作用,而Fe2+、Zn2+、Co2+等对酶活有抑制作用.     

谷氨酸生产菌T6—13谷氨酸脱氢酶特性研究

本文对谷氨酸生产菌Te_(-13)谷氨酸脱氢酶的辅酶专一性、热稳定性、最适温度、最适pH、动力学参数和发酵过程中酶活力变化进行了研究。结果表明该酶属胞内酶,以NADP~+为专一性辅酶,脱氨反应的最适pH为9.5,酶的最适温度为35～40℃,酶的热稳定性试验表明50℃保温10分钟,残留活力为50%,60℃保温10分钟残留活力为4%,70℃下则完全丧失活力,对L—谷氨酸和NADP~+动力学参数分别为2.13×10.2mol/L和6.58×10~(-5)mol/L,AMP、ADP对脱氨反应有激活作用,ATP无影响。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman