近红外光谱法定量分析亚麻油中的主要组分

用厚度为 1cm的玻璃比色皿作为吸收池 ,测定了亚麻油的近红外光谱 ,利用 70 0 0～ 6 0 0 0cm-1范围内的透波率 ,建立了主成分回归分析模型和BP人工神经网络模型 ,用二模型预测了亚麻油中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量 ,预测结果的平均相对误差均在 2 %以内 ,并BP人工神经网络模型预测的效果较好。该法可用于亚麻油中主要组分的实时成分分析。     

短波近红外光谱法分析酒中乙醇含量

使用短波近红外光谱和多变量校正技术快速准确地测定酒中乙醇含量. 研究了纯水、 乙醇以及乙醇和水混合体系的光谱特征. 用多元线性回归（MLR）和主成分回归（PCR ）分析了二阶导数差谱数据. 该法分析酒样具有方便、 快速的优点.     

茶叶品种鉴别的近红外光谱指纹图谱模式识别方法

运用傅立叶变换近红外光谱结合主成分-马氏距离判别分析方法 (PCA-Mahalanobis distance discriminant analysis)方法对七种不同品种的茶叶进行品种鉴别。采集七种样品的傅立叶变换近红外光谱指纹图谱,原始光谱经过多元散射校正(MSC)预处理后,运用主成分-马氏距离判别分析方法 (PCA-Mahalanobis distance discriminant analysis,PCA-MD)对茶叶的品种进行判别。所得PCA-MD模型对七种茶叶的分类正确率均为100%,说明模型具有较好的预测分类能力。结论:运用简便、快速、无损的近红外光谱分析结合主成分-马氏距离判别分析方法,为茶叶品种鉴别分类提供了一种快速简便、准确度高、精密度好、分析成本低、实用性强的鉴别方法和手段。     

近红外光谱技术结合主成分聚类鉴别海面溢油

鉴于目前没有一种方法能独立解决溢油鉴别的所有问题[1],本文提出近红外光谱技术结合主成分聚类分析鉴别溢油种类的方法.通过有机溶剂萃取出自行配制的汽油、柴油和润滑油模拟样品中的溢油后记录其近红外光谱,对5 800～6 200 cm-1区段范围内的近红外谱图经过多元散射校正(MSC),Norris一阶导数平滑预处理处理后求其主成分,并在主成分的基础上引入Ward聚类分析法(离差平方和法)对样品分类.     

不同厂家冬凌草片的近红外光谱主成分聚类分析

利用近红外光谱对不同厂家的冬凌草片进行鉴别归属,并进行快速分类.采集不同厂家不同批次冬凌草片样品的近红外漫反射光谱,通过不同计量学方法进行处理.结合主成分聚类分析法对不同厂家冬凌草片进行聚类判别分析,分类识别正确率达100％,从而推断出不同厂家冬凌草片成分及生产工艺上的差别.结果表明,该方法准确、快速、简便,可用于不同厂家冬凌草片的分类鉴别和质量控制.     

近红外光谱法结合多变量校正技术快速分析酒中乙醇含量

提出了将近红外光谱法同多变量校正技术相结合、快速非破坏分析酒中乙醇含量的方法。研究了系列乙醇水溶液的吸收光谱、导数光谱的光谱特征，比较了多元线性回归和主成分回归处理光谱数据的准确程度。     

基于多维度光谱特征波长提取大豆冠层SPAD值估算模型

应用多种光谱特征波长段提取技术,研究了全生育期大豆冠层的近红外光谱曲线特性,提出了基于多维度光谱特征波长提取的大豆冠层叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)估算模型.在大豆冠层原始近红外光谱曲线中,优选多元散射校正预处理和偏最小二乘回归法建模.经多元散射校正预处理后,应用竞争性自适应重加权采样算法(CARS)、主成分分析法(PCA)和连续投影算法(SPA),提取大豆冠层的光谱特征波长数量分别为22,51和12个.以此特征波长为基础,利用偏最小二乘回归法和多元线性回归法(MLR),分别建立大豆冠层SPAD值估算模型.结果表明CARS-MLR模型试验效果较好,该模型校正样本和预测样本SPAD值的均方根误差分别为5.67和5.94,平均值约为5.81.     

基于费舍尔判别分析的中药材鉴别

中药材具有相当高的声誉，而这一混合物体系极具复杂性，对其进行鉴别意义深远.红外光谱因专属性强重现性好，广泛用于中药材鉴别.利用中红外光谱进行同种中药材产地鉴别，首先进行平滑滤波和导数光谱预处理，再基于费舍尔判别分析进行鉴别.同时利用近、中红外光谱对同种中药材进行产地鉴别，首先对原始近红外、中红外、近中红外组合数据预处理，再基于费舍尔判别分析进行鉴别.利用近红外光谱对不同类别产地药材进行鉴别，方法一将类别和产地双标签映射为单标签，用费舍尔判别分析鉴别单标签，再逆推原类别产地，方法二分别基于类别和产地进行费舍尔判别分析.仿真和实际实验说明费舍尔判别分析有效.     

纸浆卡伯值光学测定中化学计量学方法的应用

用多元线性回归、逐步回归分析、主成分回归分析和人工神经网络这四种化学计量学方法处理蒸煮液的光谱数据,通过蒸煮液的吸光度来预测纸浆的卡伯值,结果显示：四种方法所确立的测量模型均具有较好的学习精度和预测精度,其中尤以人工神经网络模型同时具有较高的学习精度和预测鲁棒性。     

基于近红外光谱技术的苹果霉心病检测方法

为实现苹果霉心病无损检测,提高果实品质,以斗南苹果为研究对象,利用MPA近红外光谱仪,采集了100个苹果,4000~12500cm-1波长范围内的漫反射光谱。将主成分分析(PCA)分别与马氏距离判别模型和Fisher判别模型结合,比较两种判别模型对霉心病的判别精度。试验结果表明：在对苹果样品全波段光谱数据进行主成分分析后,将前10主成分作为输入变量建立判别模型,马氏距离判别模型正确识别率为97.14%,Fisher判别模型的正确率为88.57%,马氏距离判别模型明显优于Fisher判别模型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.