杨树菌材与传统菌材栽培天麻的实验研究

采用随机区组实验设计,以杨树菌材、传统的栎树菌材和栗树菌材为材料在湖北省宜昌县、五峰县、鹤峰县3个栽培点进行了天麻的田间栽培实验.结果表明:蜜环菌在杨树菌材上生长较传统菌材菌丝萌发早,生长粗壮,生长点多;杨树菌材易被蜜环菌分解利用,腐朽程度高;不同菌材对天麻的产量与生物转化率无显著差异,而不同实验点之间差异显著;在适宜的条件下杨树菌材栽培天麻易获得高产,其产量与生物转化率分别高达4.977 kg/m2和30%.杨树是栽培天麻适合的菌材.     

蜜环菌菌枝的简易快速培菌法

蜜环菌Armillaria mellea属白蘑科,是一种腐生真菌,可食、药兼用。名贵中药天麻必须依靠蜜环菌提供营养才能生长繁殖。通常把长有蜜环菌的腐木称作"菌材",天麻栽培需要菌材,它是天麻生     

天麻超微饮片的HPLC指纹图谱研究

研究天麻超微饮片的HPLC指纹图谱,考察其有效成分及含量,为天麻超微饮片的质控提供可靠方法。色谱柱为大连依利特公司HypersilBDSC18(4.6mm×200mm,5μm)柱。流动相为0.05%磷酸水溶液洗脱,柱温为25℃,流速为1.0ml·min-1,检测波长为220nm。建立了天麻超微饮片的HPLC指纹图谱,标定了7个共有峰。结论为利用HPLC指纹图谱可以较全面的控制天麻超微饮片的内在质量。     

半夏白术天麻汤4种方法提取液指纹图谱比较

对半夏白术天麻汤4种方法提取液的HPLC指纹图谱中特征峰面积进行比较,并以SBEE液为标准图谱,计算不同提取液的共有峰重叠率、特征峰检出率、相似度、总差异率,以比较半夏白术天麻汤4种方法提取液HPLC指纹图谱的异同.结果发现,半夏白术天麻汤4种方法提取液指纹图谱的特征峰总面积以SBEE液最大,重叠率和特征峰检出率都为100%,但相似度和总差异率不同,SBE液与SBEE液差异最小.因此,半夏白术天麻汤4种方法提取液所含化学成分种类基本相同,但含量不同,以SBEE法提取率最高.     

活性三七饮片指纹图谱研究及单体皂苷含量测定

HPLC方法具有良好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,能够分离活性三七饮片和传统干燥三七药材的各类组分,并可对其中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd进行定量分析.研究采用HPLC法测定活性三七饮片与传统干燥三七药材的指纹图谱及主要单体皂苷含量,在此基础上,建立活性三七药材HPLC 指纹图谱,并展开活性三七饮片与传统三七药材的指纹图谱差异性研究.结果表明,活性三七饮片的指纹图谱具有较好的专属性,适用于活性三七饮片的质量控制.     

当归原药材与标准汤剂一致性评价

通过对比分析当归原药材与标准汤剂的体外活血活性标准,并建立其高效液相指纹图谱,以期对当归原药材与标准汤剂的质量相关性进行分析.采用纤维蛋白原平板法,以尿激酶、生理盐水分别作为阳性、阴性对照,透明圈大小为指标对当归原药材与标准汤剂的体外活血活性进行测定,采用高效液相色谱法建立其指纹图谱.实验结果显示:体外活血活性标准对比时,当归原药材有透明圈,而标准汤剂无透明圈;当归原药材与标准汤剂的高效液相指纹图谱均有8个共有特征峰,原药材比标准汤剂多一个峰A,但活血活性效应与8个共有特征峰并无相关性.实验结果表明,当归原药材与标准汤剂存在一定的差异性.     

密环菌液体种子培养試驗簡报

天麻是一种中草药。它与密环菌营共生关系,但过去天麻均以野生采集,随着我国医药卫生事业的发展,天麻远远不能满足广大工农兵的需要。为了更好地执行毛主席革命卫生路线,我们必须大力开展人工栽培天麻的工作。将野生变为家培。在野生天麻生长过程中发现,天麻与密环菌菌材有密切关系。人工栽培天麻首先要解决人工培养密环菌菌材问题,而菌材质量的好坏是家栽天麻的成败关健。目前,我省菌材培养主要是采集野生菌材进行     

刺槐香菇与栎木香菇的质量比较

为评价刺槐香菇与传统栎木香菇的质量,比较分析了两者的多糖、蛋白质含量和高效液相特征图谱.结果表明:刺槐香菇的多糖含量明显高于传统栎木,与刺槐菌材的添加比例呈正相关;刺槐与传统栎木栽培的香菇蛋白质含量差异不明显;栎树、刺槐栽培香菇乙醇提取物的高效液相特征图谱很相似.故刺槐香菇与传统栎木香菇的质量基本一致.     

怀地黄HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立并比较怀地黄不同栽培品种HPLC指纹图谱,为强化怀地黄质量控制和品种鉴定与划分建立图谱标准.方法:采用HPLC,以0.4%醋酸溶液和乙腈进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为260nm;柱温:30℃;流速:1mL/min.使用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"进行数据处理,对不同栽培品种怀地黄的HPLC指纹图谱进行了相似度和聚类分析.结果:获得了HPLC优化技术条件;建立了含有18个特征指纹峰的怀地黄HPLC化学对照指纹图谱;9个农家品种划分为2大类,又可细分为4类.结论:该图谱可作为怀地黄质量控制的标准图谱,为怀地黄的质量控制、品种鉴别及划分提供理论和技术支撑.     

天麻的人工繁殖

天麻是名贵药材,以前靠挖野生,但现在野生天麻极少,远远不能满足药用之需。这里介绍一种人工繁殖的方法。栽培天麻主要是菌材培养和栽培两个环节。菌材培养的地点要选取阴湿的地方,并挖成长方形的低畦,其宽为1米深30厘米左     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.