秋冬季凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘细菌的数量动态

2007年9月～2008年2月,研究了珠海市斗门区凡纳滨对虾4个低盐度池塘水体、沉积物中异养细菌、弧菌、芽孢杆菌数量动态,结果表明,水体中异养细菌、弧菌、芽孢杆菌在养殖前期不稳定,中后期趋于稳定,数量波动范围分别为1.8×103～1.2×105/mL、1.4×102～4.0×103/mL、1.6×102～1.7×103/mL,水体中异养细菌数量平均为1.95×104/mL;沉积物中异养细菌较稳定,弧菌呈先升后降趋势,芽孢杆菌呈上升趋势,三者的数量均高出水体2～3个数量级,数量波动范围分别为1.0×106～2.2×107/g、7.0×103～4.7×105/g、4.7×106～2.4×106/g,异养细菌数量平均为9.16×106/g     

南美白对虾虾苗淡化期间发光病病原研究

2002年,浙江某南美白对虾(Penaeusvannamei)苗种场在虾苗淡化过程中发生了发光病.通过对典型发光病虾的镜检、细菌分离,结果从濒死病虾体内分离到4株细菌,其中菌株Pv-1在TCBS和TSA培养基上均能发光,用此菌株浸泡感染健康南美白对虾,可复制出发光病虾,且有较高的死亡率。对Pv-1进行了培养特性和生化特性鉴定,确定Pv-1为革兰氏阴性菌,菌体呈直杆状,大小为1.5μm×0.8μm,极生单鞭毛运动,氧化酶阳性,发酵葡萄糖,对弧菌抑制剂0 129(150μg)敏感,经鉴定为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi).由此表明哈维氏弧菌为此次南美白对虾虾苗淡化期间发光病的病原.     

动物性饵料对养殖水体中菌数和理化因子的影响

向大海马(Hippocampus kudaB leeker)养殖池中投喂动物性饵料桡足类、杂碎鱼虾等饵料后,亲海马实验组、幼海马实验组以及空白对照组水体环境因子参数差异明显,投喂杂碎鱼虾的亲海马组与投喂桡足类的幼海马组的细菌数量均高于空白对照组。3组处理后表层异养菌平均数量变动范围分别为4×103~1.78×105CFU/mL,2.5×103~7.2×104CFU/mL,2×102~5.5×103CFU/mL,而底层异养菌则分别为6.53×103~1.59×105CFU/mL,1.5×103~7.5×104CFU/mL,5×102~1.0×104CFU/mL。表层弧菌平均数量变动范围分别为55~4.08×103CFU/mL,85~7.19×103CFU/mL,10~123 CFU/mL,而底层弧菌则分别为1.13×102~7.48×103CFU/mL,2.66×102~1.16×104CFU/mL,10~175 CFU/mL。差异显著性分析结果表明,亲海马组与幼海马组细菌数量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。而亲海马组与空白组除表层弧菌数量差异不显著外,其余,底层弧菌、表底层异养细菌数量呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。空白组与幼海马组细菌数量均呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。3组池水温变化相差不大,亲海马组、幼海马组中NH4 -N含量呈升高之势,DO极不稳定,有机残留物含量、细菌数量增加趋势,导致水质恶化。     

刺参养殖池塘的水质变化

通过检测刺参养殖池塘底层水的11项理化指标和细菌数量,研究山东省莱州刺参养殖池塘水质的全年变化规律。结果显示各项指标变化范围:池塘水温4.97～29.73℃,pH值7.83～8.37,盐的质量分数2.70%～2.88%,溶解氧、硫化物、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、总氮、活性磷、总磷和COD的质量浓度分别为3.81～9.03 mg/L、0.010～0.049 mg/L、0.023～0.051 mg/L、0.002～0.156 mg/L、1.941～3.813 mg/L、0.024～0.047 mg/L、0.031～0.111 mg/L和6.17～47.73 mg/L;异养菌数量为1.91×103～2.71×104(CFU)/mL,弧菌数量为2.92×10～4.50×103(CFU)/mL。弧菌数量占异养菌数的比例在11月份和4月份出现2个峰值,分别为22.92%和21.60%。表明刺参养殖池塘水质一直处于变动状态,各理化指标之间以及和细菌数量之间关系复杂紧密,外界影响因素的轻微变化会导致池塘各指标的连锁反应。     

高位虾池水体细菌和弧菌的数量变化及影响因素

研究了位于广东湛江东海岛北寮村和庵里村的4个凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)高位池养殖过程水体中的可培养异养细菌和弧菌的数量变化及其影响因素.结果表明:1)北寮村虾池BL1和BL2的可培养异养细菌数量变化均呈现中间高两头低、后期多于初期的单峰变化趋势;BL1的弧菌数量变化趋势和可培养异养细菌的变化趋势相似,而BL2则是前期稍微升高而后下降,后期又呈升高态势,峰值出现在养殖末期;水源地BL3的可培养异养细菌数量变化为初期平缓,后期明显多于初期,大体呈上升态势;而BL3弧菌数量变化趋势则比较平缓.2)庵里村发病的虾池AL1的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量呈现出单峰变化趋势,在养殖中途爆发病害时,可培养异养细菌数量高出未发病的正常池2个数量级;庵里村虾池AL2的可培养异养细菌数量变化趋势也是中间高两头低,而弧菌的数量变化则是无规律的波动;水源地AL3的可培养异养细菌数量变化大体呈下降趋势,弧菌数量放养初期最高.3)高位虾池的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量虽多于水源地,但差异不显著,同一个位点,细菌和弧菌数量呈现同步增多或减少.虾场水体的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量与多数环境因子之间相关性不显著,这与虾池养殖生态系统受人为因素影响较大有关,同时反映了高位虾池生态系统受多种因子作用的复杂性.     

虾池沉积环境中若干功能菌及弧菌的时空变化

2003年10月～2004年5月在泉州东海一新建虾池与一池龄15年的老旧虾池,采用平板计数方法研究底泥环境中可培养异养菌(HB)、淀粉降解菌(AB)、有机磷降解菌(OPB)、无机磷溶解菌(INP)、几丁质降解菌(CB)、油脂降解菌(LB)、纤维素降解菌(CLB)、硫氧化细菌(SOB)等各种功能菌以及弧菌(VB)数量的变化情况,并对它们与可培养异养菌之间的相关关系进行了探讨.结果表明,在整个养殖期中,新池泥样中可培养异养菌总数范围在1.95×104～7.7×105 CFU/g之间, 旧池泥样中可培养异养菌总数范围在2×104～1.88×105 CFU/g之间,两池的数量变化波动均较大,其它功能菌与异养菌相似,在整个养殖周期也是呈现较大的波动幅度, 但统计分析表明淀粉降解菌、有机磷降解菌、油脂降解菌、弧菌等与可培养异养细菌之间呈现着明显的正相关,而几丁质降解菌、无机磷溶解菌、纤维素降解菌以及硫氧化细菌与异养菌之间则无明显的相关关系.     

项目超市

T0504053无公害健康养殖南美白对虾技术养殖南美白对虾需要良好的地质、地貌条件,选择水源充足,具有淡水水源(或用地下咸水)、无工业污染源、饵料生物量丰富、交通方便的地方建造养虾池。选择体长在1.2-1.5cm,群体发育正常、整齐、无损伤、肌肉饱满透明、附肢色素正常、胃肠内食物充盈,弹跳活泼、游泳时身体平衡、对水流刺激反应灵敏、逆水性强,体表无脏物、经过检疫的正常健康虾苗。如养殖池盐度低,虾苗的淡化盐度应不超过5‰,而且是经淡化后肠道内食物充盈无断条的虾苗。放苗选择晴天早晨或傍晚,温度稳定在16℃以上时进行,在上风口使虾苗…     

鳗鲡养殖循环水处理系统细菌的组成及其数量

为研究鳗鲡养殖循环水处理系统中细菌的组成与数量,从循环水处理系统中的养殖池、沉淀池、生物膜池、滤池和紫外消毒池采集水样,并从生物膜池和滤池中采集附着生物样品,分别用平板菌落计数法和16S rRNA基因克隆文库分析法进行细菌计数和附着样品的细菌组成分析.结果表明:1)养殖水经过各处理环节后,水体中细菌数量逐渐减少,如由养殖池中的2.98×106CFU/L降低至牡蛎壳填料滤池中的9.30×105CFU/L,再经过紫外消毒池后,水体中细菌数量又减少了96%,再降低至3.53×104CFU/L.2)生物膜池的尼龙丝挂网载体和滤池中牡蛎壳填料上附着细菌数量较多,其数量分别高达1.39×108CFU/g和1.52×108CFU/g.牡蛎壳上的附着细菌主要分为3大类:分别属于变形菌门(包括α-、β-和γ-变形菌纲)、拟杆菌门和异常球菌-栖热菌门,其中以β-变形菌纲细菌为优势类群,大部分细菌对环境有机物具有良好的分解作用.     

高位虾池水体细菌和弧菌的密度变化及影响因素

研究了位于广东湛江东海岛北寮村和庵里村的4个凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)高位池养殖过程水体中的可培养异养细菌和弧菌的密度变化及其影响因素.结果表明:1)北寮村虾池BL1和BL2的可培养异养细菌密度变化均呈现中间高两头低、后期多于初期的单峰变化趋势;BL1的弧菌密度变化趋势和可培养异养细菌的变化趋势相似,而BL2则是前期稍微升高而后下降,后期又呈升高态势,峰值出现在养殖末期;水源地BL3的可培养异养细菌密度变化为初期平缓,后期明显多于初期,大体呈上升态势,而BL3弧菌密度变化趋势则比较平缓.2)庵里村发病的虾池AL1的可培养异养细菌和弧菌密度呈现出单峰变化趋势,在养殖中途爆发病害时,可培养异养细菌密度高出未发病的正常池2个数量级;庵里村虾池AL2的可培养异养细菌密度变化趋势也是中间高两头低,而弧菌的密度变化则是无规律的波动;水源地AL3的可培养异养细菌密度变化大体呈下降趋势,弧菌密度放养初期最高.3)高位虾池的可培养异养细菌和弧菌密度虽多于水源地,但差异不显著,同一个位点,细菌和弧菌密度呈现同步增多或减少.虾场水体的可培养异养细菌和弧菌密度与多数环境因子之间相关性不显著,这与虾池养殖生态系统受人为因素影响较大有关,同时反映了高位虾池生态系统受多种因子作用的复杂性.     

凡纳对虾淡化养殖健康虾池水体生态研究

对20个凡纳对虾Litopenaeus vannamai淡化养殖健康虾池水体理化及生物因子进行调查,调查结果健康虾池大小(0.48±0.19)hm2,水深(145±13)cm,最适放苗密度(148±30)万尾/hm2,盐度(2±2)‰,水温(30.6±3.3)℃,溶解氧(5.5±1.5)mg/L,pH值8.5±0.7,透明度(19±5)cm,氨氮(0.65±0.76)mg/L,亚硝基氮(0.15±0.17)mg/L,化学耗氧量(21.52±5.45)mg/L.虾池藻类种类数为43±8种,密度(1.51±0.76)×10 8个/L,多样性指数2.15±0.49,藻类优势种12种,蓝藻6种,硅藻2种,绿藻3种,隐藻1种,健康虾池优势种以螺旋藻Spirulina sp.为主,种群丰富度高而稳定.虾池原生动物种类数为14±3种,密度(2.71±1.79)×10 5 个/L,多样性指数2.01±0.47,优势种9种,圆筒状拟铃壳虫Tintinnopsis cylindrata、毛板壳虫Coleps hirtus和海洋帆口虫Pleuronema marinuum为常见优势种,优势种主要是食细菌-碎屑类.健康虾池水体异养菌群数量(2.37±1.83)×10 7 cfu/L,弧菌数量(11.77±13.86)×10 5 cfu/L,底泥异养细菌总数(7.90±29.08)×10 8 cfu/L,弧菌总数(1.18±3.27)×107cfu/L.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.