烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

荔枝龙眼炭疽病和霜疫霉病的识别与防治

总结了荔枝龙眼重要病害炭疽病和霜疫霉病的症状、病原、发生规律及综合防治措施;指出荔枝龙眼炭疽病和霜疫霉病主要为害叶片、花穗和果实,叶片早落,花穗干枯死亡,果实腐烂并产生异味;两种病害为害造成的损失很大,防治必须及时,且防治措施以农业防治和化学防治为主。     

镁合金板带生产应用现状与发展前景

通过对目前镁合金板带的生产技术、工艺设备和产品应用现状等方面的描述,分析了其生产与应用的特点.同时,通过介绍镁合金板带生产工艺的开发现状,探讨了其发展趋势与前景,尤其是以热轧开坯进行卷式法生产的可能.     

海洋科技发展演变的影响因素及规律探析

海洋科技在漫长的发展演变过程中,由于多种因素的交织作用而形成了特有的发展规律。基于分析影响海洋科技发展的诸如政治、经济、军事等各种因素,探讨海洋科技发展演变规律,有利于深层次理解海洋科技的发展历程、正确把握其发展脉络,并对未来的走势作出科学预测。     

科技腾飞与文学发展

科技腾飞与文学发展是全球语境中的一个重要话题。针对这一话题主要有两种观点:持悲观论调者认为科技腾飞导致文学终结;持乐观论调者认为科技腾飞带来文学进步。究竟谁是谁非是理论界亟待解决的关系到文学及其研究是存在还是消亡的根本性问题。本文认为科技腾飞既没有导致文学的终结也没能带来文学的进步,而是推动了文学的全面发展。这种发展表现为:一,现代科技媒介与制作方式为文学发展拓宽了空间,生产了新的文学种类,为文学大家庭增添了新成员;同时也改变了文学的活动方式。二,新的文学种类的出现、文学活动方式的改变以及高科技时代的后现代语境,使文学的价值功能发生变化,从而赋予文学以鲜明的时代特征———大众的、消费的品格。     

沿河防洪堤滑坡处理、基础处理与稳定性分析

介绍沿河城区防洪堤0＋440－0＋486段边坡病害概况及产生原因，提出了边坡排水、清刷滑体和防护加固相结合的综合整治工程措施，并用条分法对该边坡进行了稳定验算。为满足防洪堤稳定性要求，对滑坡段基础采取了挖齿槽、打描杆等措施，并对该基础进行了稳定性分析。     

桩土摩擦粘着特性及分析方法

同一土层的桩侧摩阻力在不同条件下取值会有很大区别,因此有必要对桩侧摩阻力的影响因素进行分析。分析了桩土的摩擦粘着机理,指出影响侧摩阻力的因素主要为桩土界面强度及土层强度,其中桩土界面强度包括界面摩擦力和界面粘着力两部分。根据机理分析提出使用有限元法配合试验结果进行分析应包括两方面的(1)根据试验实测结果通过试算确定侧摩阻力极值由桩土界面强度决定还是由土层强度决定;(2)若侧摩阻力由界面强度决定则根据土层特性进行摩擦系数假定,进而确定界面摩擦力及粘着力。介绍了ADINA建模及计算过程。通过应用一组混凝土短桩的静载试验结果进行计算分析来说明分析过程。     

公民的法律理解-解释与和谐社会的治理及建设

基于对公民法律理解-解释问题的分析引出了对公民的法律理解-解释活动与和谐社会善治的内在关系的探讨。和谐社会的善治模式内在地蕴含了公民法律理解-解释的要素,这是构建和谐社会重要的心理基础。公民法律理解-解释活动过程对于和谐社会的建设所具有社会整合作用,正确引导与教育以及优化公民法律理解-解释活动是公民意识教育的重要内容。     

中小微企业的经营困境及创新发展对策

当前中小微企业如何能克服所面临的困境并进一步提升创新能力是亟待要解决的重要问题,文章通过对影响中小微企业的相关因素进行分析,并结合实际情况有针对性地提出了创新企业文化、培养创新意识、培养创业精神、培养科技创新能力等发展对策。     

教之有法与教无定法--法学教学方法的回顾与思考

回顾我国法学教学的发展规律历程,比较分析大陆法系与英美法系的法学教学方法的不同,说明一个国家的法学教学方法应与该国的政治、经济、文化和社会制度相适应.由此分析我国法学教育中传统的理论教学方法继受大陆法系国家的法学教学方法的同时,已经开始吸收一些英美法系国家的法学教学方法,并说明讲授教学法仍然有其合理性.     

模具开放性和综合性实验教学的改革与实践

为了既培养塑性成形与模具专业方向本科学生的动手能力,又充分利用实验室的教学资源,在实践教学中引入了模具开放性和综合性实验环节.这不仅推进了实验教学改革,也调动了学生的学习积极性和主动性,增强了学生的模具设计能力,同时,学生的综合素质和动手能力也得到了提高.