聚乙二醇(PEG)共聚单体对PET共聚酯结构性能的影响

基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的合成路线,通过原位添加间苯二甲酸乙二酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPE)、聚乙二醇(PEG)第三、四反应组分,并改变PEG分析的添加量,制备出系列PET共聚酯.通过核磁共振(NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)及接触角测试分别对PET共聚酯的结构性能进行了试验研究.结果表明:PET共聚酯样品的化学结构与理论结构吻合较好;共聚酯的玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔点及热稳定性均随PEG含量的增加逐步降低;各样品的晶体结构与纯PET基本相同,均为三斜晶型结构;PET共聚酯样品的亲水性能较纯PET有明显提高.     

PET—PCT共聚酯的微相分离结构

利用核磁共振(1H-NMR.13C-NMR)表征了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)-聚对苯二甲酸-1,4-环己烷二甲酯(PCT)共聚酯的组成及序列结构;采用高级转矩流变仪和动态力学分析仪研究了共聚酯的动态流变性能和动态力学性能.结果表明:PET-PCT共聚酯为无规嵌段聚合物.其中PCT的实际摩尔含量高于投料比.各链段的数均序列长度与其摩尔含量成正比;共聚酯呈现明显的末端区效应,随PCT摩尔含量的增加,储能模量～频率曲线(G'～W)中,储能模量偏离线性关系的频率移向高频;动态力学分析图谱中出现了两个玻璃化转变温度,说明PET-PCT共聚酯中PET链段和PCT链段是不相容的.呈现微相分离的相态结构.     

热致性液晶共聚酯(60PHB/PET)和聚酰胺6(PA6)的原位复合增容的研究

在热致液晶性60PHB/PET共聚酯(LCP)与聚酰胺6(PA6)的共混体系中引入了增容剂;讨论了增容剂对PA6/LCP原位复合材料的微观结构和界面性能、结晶行为、流变行为,以及力学性能的影响。     

热处理对共聚酯复合纤维性能的影响

着重讨论了热处理对共聚酯复合纤维性能的影响,同时还对它的超分子结构和纤维形态进行了探讨。结果表明,共聚酯复合冷拉伸纤维较其热拉伸和聚酯纤维有高的热收缩率和潜在卷曲性,但强度略低,伸长稍大。经过热处理,共聚酯复合纤维及其加弹丝将呈现出极好的三维卷曲形态和卷曲性能,且热收缩率、卷曲度和卷曲弹性率均随热处理温度提高而增大,断裂强度下降,伸长变大,其强度下降程度和伸长增长率均比聚酯纤维大。     

高吸水聚酯纤维成孔机理

将乙二醇(EG)、对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)和3,5-二甲酸苯磺酸钠(SIPM)进行共聚。共聚酯或共聚酯/PET共混后熔融纺成中空纤维,最后再经NaOH溶液处理。可得高吸水纤维。本文通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X光衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、保水等测定,研究了该改性聚酯在碱处理时的成孔机理。研究结果表明,共聚酯纤维碱处理后在纤维上留下圆形孔洞而共聚酯/聚酯共混后纺制的纤维经碱处理后的孔洞形状由SIPM的加入量、共混比和粘度等决定。孔形可为长径比不同的椭圆形或细槽形。     

PET—PTT共聚酯的热降解行为

采用热失重分析(TGA)和裂解气相质谱(Py-GC/MS)研究不同组成的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)-PTT(聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯)共聚酯的热降解行为,并与PET和PTT均聚物作了比较.TGA结果表明,PET-PTT共聚酯的热稳定性介于均聚物PTT与PET之间,并随PET组分的增加而提高.利用Py-GC/MS得到PET-PTT共聚酯及均聚物的裂解产物的结构及分布,探讨PTT降解机理,并推测PET-PTT共聚酯的可能降解过程.发现PET-PTT共聚酯分解过程中产生了不同于PET和PTT裂解产物的组分,但不同组分的含量很小,这可能是由共聚酯中PTT(PET)序列长度较短所致.PET-PTT共聚酯在裂解过程中比PET和PTT均聚物产生了更多的挥发性产物.当PTT(PET)在共聚酯中的摩尔分数增大时由该链段降解产生的产物质量分数相应提高.     

高吸水涤纶纤维的结构和染色性研究

将PET与共聚酯共混纺制中空共混纤维,经碱处理后形成多孔的高吸水涤纶。本文通过X—射线衍射仪,分光光度计,扫描电镜和热收缩仪等测试对高吸水涤纶纤维和共混纤维的结构和染色性进行了研究,目的在于探索高吸水涤纶染色机理。研究结果发现高吸水涤纶纤维与共混纤维相比较,不仅具有许多微孔,而且结晶度高,晶粒尺寸大,单位非晶体积大,非晶区结构紧密;高吸水涤纶的上染量与保水率呈指数关系。由此推论高吸水涤纶上染量高主要是由于纤维中微孔的吸附染料作用。     

无声放电对聚酯织物表面的等离子体接枝改性

利用无声放电方法对聚酯（ＰＥＴ）纤维表面进行接枝改性,为改善聚酯织物的染色性能提供了一条新途径,傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）和Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）表明,ＰＥＴ纤维经无声放电引发气相接枝丙烯酸改性后,表面的羰基、羟基和羧基等极性基团增加,氧碳摩尔分数比增大。扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察发现纤维表面粗糙度随放电时间增加而增大,改性后的涤纶对碱性染料的上染率有所提高。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)—聚ε-己内酯(PCL)嵌段共聚物链的化学结构

以芳族聚酯(PET)为硬链段,以脂族聚酯(PCL)为软链段的聚酯一聚酯嵌段共聚物,由于聚合反应过程中同时存在多种酯交换反应,链的化学结构变复杂了.应用核磁共振技术(氢谱和碳谱)和应用几种模型化合物的研究证明,PET—PCL嵌段共聚物软、硬链段间的联接有两种方式,软链段有两种结构形式,而硬链段的结构单元也有两种类型,从而确定了PET—PCL 嵌段共聚物链的化学结构.     

聚四氟乙烯微孔膜/双组分熔喷材料复合空气滤材的制备与过滤性能

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜作为过滤层,聚酯/聚丙烯(PET/PP)双组分熔喷材料作为支撑层,通过非织造热轧技术制备一种空气过滤器用PTFE微孔膜/(PET/PP)双组分熔喷材料复合滤材。讨论了复合滤材的制备工艺,并研究了过滤层(PTFE微孔膜)、支撑层(熔喷材料)和热轧工艺对复合滤材过滤性能的影响。结果表明:制备的复合滤材具有优良的过滤性能,随着双组分熔喷材料中聚丙烯(PP)纤维体积分数的增加,复合滤材的过滤阻力上升;复合滤材的过滤性能主要由PTFE微孔膜提供;热轧工艺对复合滤材的结构和过滤性能都有影响;当PET/PP双组分熔喷材料中PET纤维与PP纤维体积比为30/70、热辊温度为150℃、线速度为8 m/min、辊间压力为180N/cm2时,复合滤材的滤效达到99.95%,滤阻为350Pa。     

Structural Changes of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers Grafted by Acrylamide

A group of grafted PET fibers with different graft yield are formed by grafting acrylamide onto the PET main chains. The structure of grafted fibers are studied by scanning electronic microscope ( SEM ), infra-red spectrophotometer ( IR ), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). At the same time, the moisture regain, dyeability, strength, and elongation at break of the samples are measured and their relations with structural changes are discussed. Compared with ungrafted fiber, shape of the fiber cross-section, IR characteristic absorption peaks, and melting behavior of the grafted fibers have been changed, causing the fiber dyeability and moisture regain to be increased, and mechanical properties to be changed.     

聚丙烯纤维光接枝改性的研究

以聚丙烯纤维为基体，以丙烯酸（AA）为单体，在石英大试管内通过紫外光照射，使丙烯酸单体接枝到纤维表面，研究了一些因素对纤维的接枝率和回潮率的影响。实验结果表明：光敏剂浓度为0．25mol／L，浸泡时间为1．5h，单体浓度为0．9mol／L，光照时间为2．25h时，聚丙烯纤维的接枝率和回潮率较高。     

长玻璃纤维增强PET复合材料界面的研究

为促进PET在玻璃纤维表面的接枝反应，将长玻璃纤维增强PET热塑性复合材料的预浸料进行热处理，用短粱三点弯曲测定了长玻纤增强PET复合材料的层间剪切强度，采用红外光谱分析、扫描电镜、裂解气相色谱质谱联用等手段对增强纤维表面的化学结构进行了分析。结果表明经过热处理可以提高复合材料的界面粘合强度，而此良好的界面粘合强度源于PET分子链在玻璃纤维表面的接枝反应。     

Surface Graft Polymerization of PET and PE Fibers by UV Irradiation and Their Characteristics

Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)and polyethylene(PE)fibers were surface photo-grafted with acrylic acid(AA)by using UV irradiation photochemical initiationduring a continuous winding process within 1-2 min-utes.The grafted fibers were characterized by measure-ments of dye uptaking,moisture regain,pull-out forcesof monofilament from cured matrix,as well as by analy-sis of ESCA and ATR-FTIR spectra.All these resultsconfirm that the surface behavior of the UV-irradiationgrafted fibers was greatly improved.It was also provedthat the original excellent mechanical properties of the fi-bers were well-retained after the surface grafting treat-ment.     

Hydrolysis-resistant Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Fiber

For certain industrial applications, the mechanical properties of PET fiber can be deteriorated from hydrolysis because the terminal carboxylic groups promote the degradation of macromolecules under high moisture and high temperature. It limits the wide applications of PET fiber in some special cases. In this paper, three additives are selected to improve the hydrolytic stability through the reaction of bi-functional groups on additive molecules with carboxyl groups on PET molecules. The additives can serve not only as hydrolysis stabilizers, but also as agents to increase the molecular weight and consequently to improve PET fiber mechanical properties. PET pellets were blended with additive before spinning, and melt spun into fiber. The fibers were then hydrolyzed in an autoclave by saturated vapor at 140℃ for a period of time. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity, terminal carboxylic group value and strength of polyester fibers were carried out to study the effects of hydrolysis resistance. Results show that 2, 2＇-bis （2-oxazoline） has best hydrolysis-resistibility and the chainextension effect at the same time.     

热管纺丝中温度对PET纤维结构的影响

本文介绍了纺程加热一步法制取充分结晶纤维中的远红外加热法。为了弄清纤维力学性质随温度上升而引起的变化,研究了加热温度对纤维结构形成的影响。应用红外光谱的分离技术,研究了加热过程中结晶形成的机理。发现不仅PET纤维的848cm~(-1)谱带发生了变化,而且通过对848cm~(-1)谱带分离成代表PET三种结构的三个峰838cm~(-1),846cm~(-1),853cm~(-1)也发生了变化。充分说明了温度在加工过程中对PET纤维结晶结构的形成所起的作用。为了证实这些变化,又以大角X射线衍射及力学性能的测定作了旁证。表明了在红外光谱、大角X射线衍射和力学性能间有一致的变化。本文还对结晶结构的形成与工艺条件的关系进行了讨论,获得了用远红外加热法制取充分结晶纤维合适的工艺条件。     

回潮率对纤维集合体非稳态导热性能的影响

通过实验观测，研究存在于纤维中的水分时纤维集合体非稳态导热性能的影响．纤维集合体的非稳态导热过程不同于一般的均质介质，时回潮率的大小和环境温度的高低比较敏感．纤维集合体内部受热后所释放的水蒸气时热传递有双重作用，直接影响了其非稳态导热性质．     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

高吸水涤纶的催化碱处理

本文讨论了改性涤纶在催化剂存在下的碱处理反应机理,以及碱处理条件如温度、碱浓、催化剂浓度和碱处理时间与纤维减量率的关系。导出了减量率与时间、温度的关系式。并用扫描电镜观察了纤维的表面形态结构。实验结果表明,改性高吸水涤纶的碱减量不仅与纤维组成,纤维结构,还和处理条件有关。催化剂的引入可大大减少处理时间,降低处理温度。因此可节省能源,降低单耗和改善工作条件。