缠结对超高分子量聚丙烯腈特性粘度测定的影响

在以粘度法测定超高分子量聚丙烯腈(Ultra-High Molecular WeightPOlyacrylonitrile,以下简称UHMWPAN)分子量时发现,在溶解完全的用于测定特性粘度的UHMWPAN二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)稀溶液中,大分子链间保留着未被溶剂舒解的“天生缠结”(Inborn Entanglement),使所测特性粘度和表观分子量偏大.天生缠结是高聚物在聚合过程产生,它在稀溶液中保留的数量受到溶解和溶液处理条件等因素影响,通过机械剪切,可在无机械降解状态下完全解除大分子链间的天生缠结,得到没有缠结影响的正确特性粘度和分子量,由此确立UHMWPAN特性粘度测定方法.     

聚芳醚酮的玻璃化转变和熔融行为

聚芳醚酮(Poly(oxy—1,4—phenylene carbonyl—1,4—phenylene),简称 PEK)是一种含有苯环的耐高温聚合物。本文用 DSC 法研究了 PEK 的玻礅化转变和熔融行为。PEK 是一种半结晶的高聚物。骤冷的 PEK 再升温时,可以看到十分明显的玻璃化转变过程和冷结晶过程,它的玻璃化转变温度 T_g 为158.2℃,T_g 下的热容变化△C_p 为0.244J/g·K,平衡冷结晶温度 T°(?)为179.9℃,平衡熔融温度 T°m(H)为379.0℃,熔融热△H_m(H)为53.5J/g。骤冷 PEK 在不同温度(250～310℃)等温结晶15min 后,其 DSC 曲线上可以看到数个熔融峰。随结晶温度升高,温度较高的主熔融峰温度 T_m(H)略有升高,温度较低的熔融峰温度 T_m(L)大约在结晶温度以上20℃;温度较高的熔融峰面积△H_m(H)不变,温度较低的熔融峰面积△H_m(L)增加,△C_p 下降,T_g 升高。将骤冷的 PEK 从略高于 T_g 的温度(159.0℃)以不同速率降温,再升温时,可以看到 PEK 玻璃化转变的滞后现象。随降温速度下降,滞后现象变得十分明显。滞后峰面积△H_h 与降温速度的对数呈线性关系。     

Study on Extrusion Pressure'''' s Fluctuation when Acrylic Dope Extruded from the Capillary

When acrylic dope ( polyacrylonitrile-sodium thiocya-nate aqueous solution system) is extruded from a capillary, the fluctuation phenomenon in the extrusion pressure is discovered. The influences of extrusion shear rate, temperature and ratio of length to diameter of capillary on this phenomenon are investigated. It is shown that the dope sample recovers its elastic deformation partially during the course of its flowing through the capillary , and this part of elasticity energy is dissipated in the form of the heat produced by viscous resistance. And the heat in turn makes changes in the sample's elasticity, finally leads to the occurrence of pressure' s fluctuation.     

Swelling Behaviors of Polyaniline-Poly（Acrylic Acid） Hydrogels

Using poly（acrylic acid） （PAA） aqueous solution, NaOH aqueous solution, aniline （An） and ammonium persulfate （APS）, PAn-PAA hydrogels with a semi-interpenetrating structure connected by physical interlocks, chemical ion bonds and hydrogen bonds were prepared. The swelling properties of the hydrogels in solutions of different pH values （adjusted by adding NaOH or HCI） were studied. All the hydrogels prepared have similar swelling curves （the curves of equilibrium swelling ratio vs. pH value） and reach their maximum swelling at pH of 8 - 10. The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogels is dependent on composition, including molecular weight of PAA, polymer content of the hydrogel, and molar ratios of AA to An, APS to An, and NaOH to AA, And the compositional dependence of the swelling capacity of PAn-PAA hydrogels was also studied.     

Measurement of Crystallinity of Acrylic Copolymer by Swelling Differential Scanning Calorimetry

In this paper the measurement of crystallinity(C)ofacrylic copolymer(PAC),by Swelling Differential Scan-ning Calorimetry(SDSC)is discussed.Common DSC isonly used for measuring the crystallinity of polymers withmelting point,(T_m),below their decomposition temper-ature,(T_d).As temperature rises,polymers with swell-ing agent added become swollen and dissolved,goingthrough whole process of breaking solid structures.Thus,SDSC makes it possible to measure the crystallini-ty of polymers even with T_d below T_m.But the C mea-sured by WAXD and the total endothermal melting(swelling)heat in SDSC thermograms,(△H_l),are notlinearly correlated.It has been found that,instead of the△H_l,△H_l'obtained from the △H_l by subtracting the en-dothermal heat,△H_l,and the C measured by WAXDare linearly correlated.On the basis of this linear rela-tion,the unknown C of another PAC sample is measuredby SDSC.The result is in good accordance with thatmeasured by WAXD.     

超高相对分子质量聚丙烯腈溶解的研究

通过自制力矩测量仪测量溶胀和溶解过程中超高相对分子质量聚丙烯腈－溶剂混合体系力矩随温度变化情况，采取阶段升温的方法，选择力－温度曲线中力矩开始上升处所对应温度为恒温温度，制得均匀的超高相对分子质量聚丙烯腈（含固量5％）浆液。还初步讨论了力矩峰出现的原因。     

涤纶长丝单丝拉伸性能与复丝拉伸性能的比较

本文比较了涤纶长丝的单丝拉伸与复丝拉伸的断裂强度、断裂伸长及分布和初始模量。复丝的峰值断裂强度总是小于单丝断裂强度,但本文提出一种方法,可以通过复丝拉伸试验推得单丝断裂强度。复丝拉伸时,其中单丝的断裂伸长平均值与单丝拉伸时的断裂伸长平均值十分接近。但两者的分布相差很大。复丝的初始模量与单丝的相同。     

芳纶浆粕与尼龙-6复合体的力学性能

对芳纶浆粕与尼龙-6的复合体进行了初步的研究,通过把不同量的芳纶浆粕与尼龙-6复合的方法,研究芳纶浆粕含量与复合体力学性能的关系.并尝试了对芳纶浆粕进行表面处理,也对浆粕/尼龙-6体系的填充物进行了讨论.     

Surface Graft Polymerization of PET and PE Fibers by UV Irradiation and Their Characteristics

Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)and polyethylene(PE)fibers were surface photo-grafted with acrylic acid(AA)by using UV irradiation photochemical initiationduring a continuous winding process within 1-2 min-utes.The grafted fibers were characterized by measure-ments of dye uptaking,moisture regain,pull-out forcesof monofilament from cured matrix,as well as by analy-sis of ESCA and ATR-FTIR spectra.All these resultsconfirm that the surface behavior of the UV-irradiationgrafted fibers was greatly improved.It was also provedthat the original excellent mechanical properties of the fi-bers were well-retained after the surface grafting treat-ment.