柔性支撑Stewart平台动力学与控制仿真

大射电望远镜项目中,需用安装在由柔性索支撑的移动小车上的Stewart平台作为馈源稳定装置,而Stewart平台的运动平台和固定平台是动力学耦合的。该文采用多体系统动力学方法建立了柔性支撑的Stewart平台的数学模型,提出了基于预测平台位置的PD控制律。通过数值仿真对采用Stewart平台作为二次精调稳定平台降低馈源振动的有效性进行了研究。在此基础上,得出Stewart平行机构作为控制系统的可行性结论,同时为机构的正常运行提出了设计参数要求。     

FAST工程馈源舱Stewart平台的机构精度标定

FAST工程采用柔索悬吊方案,利用六根支撑索拖动30t重的馈源舱在百米尺度空间内运动,并将馈源瞬时定位于毫米级精度位置。因此,馈源舱的主要执行机构-Stewart平台必须克服制造误差、刚度变形、测量误差以及外界扰动耦合的影响,实现馈源的定位精度要求。本文分析了Stewart平台的结构、机构、工作原理及误差来源,针对前期的精度标定提出了测量及误差补偿方案,研究内容对于FAST工程大科学目标的顺利实现具有重要的指导意义。     

基于新型变指数趋近律的智能小车轨迹跟踪

针对一种跟踪运动精度低、鲁棒性弱的新型智能滑模小车的轨迹跟踪运动控制问题,提出了基于新型变指数趋近律的小车轨迹跟踪运动控制器的研究方法。该方法在趋近律中加入了变指数幂次项,且能保证趋近律在限时间内稳定运行来限制抖振现象,使小车在趋近阶段中按不同趋近速度做自适应调节。通过对滑模小车的运动学模型进行坐标变换,建立小车轨迹面的跟踪收敛误差模型,接着根据Lyapunov稳定性理论和新型趋近律的跟踪全局有限性和时间收敛误差性建立滑模面,设计跟踪误差控制律。控制小车的线速度和角速度使轨迹跟踪误差迅速趋近到0,来实现其对给定期望轨迹的快速跟踪。最后采用MATLAB仿真软件进行系统控制特性的仿真研究,通过对比双幂次趋近律的滑模控制方法验证实验的有效性。     

基于GPS的FAST望远镜馈源平台自动测量控制系统

500m直径大射电望远镜(简称FAST望远镜)的跟踪观测是由馈源的空间运动来实现,因此馈源在搜索运动过程中要保持很高的稳定性。就馈源平台自动控制系统对位置和姿态测量精度要求进行分析,提出了采用实时动态技术和全球定位系统(GPS)姿态测量技术进行馈源平台的实时监控,以实现整个FAST望远镜对宇宙射电源的自动化跟踪。介绍了GPS时实动态姿态测量原理和FAST监测系统的构成,以及姿态测量的数学模型和解算方法。该方法在50mFAST馈源模型上试验得到馈源平台中心点位精度为5.65mm、姿态精度0.345°可以满足FAST望远镜一次支撑的精度要求。     

无反步设计的严格反馈型非线性系统神经网络自适应跟踪控制

针对一类具有外部干扰、仅输出可测的SISO严格反馈型非线性系统,提出一种神经网络输出反馈跟踪控制方法。该方法将严格反馈型系统转换成标准仿射型系统,从而避免反步设计过程,且无需设计状态观测器。最终控制律和神经网络权值更新律中仅用到输出误差。基于Lyapunov方法证明了闭环系统所有信号有界,跟踪误差收敛到有界紧集内。最后,应用高机动导弹的位置跟踪控制验证了该方法的有效性。     

大射电望远镜馈源精调试验平台的标定

为提高大射电望远镜馈源精调试验平台的定位精度,提出基于激光跟踪仪测量的标定方法.激光跟踪仪可间接测量出平台的空间6自由度位姿.为保证参数辨识性能,在腿长输入空间内选择测量位形.进行了仿真研究和实际试验,并检验了误差补偿后的实际精度效果.采用较少的测量数据时,精度仍有明显的改善效果.通过标定,试验平台定位精度大约提高到0.2mm,满足了大射电望远镜馈源精调的定位要求.试验结果证明基于激光跟踪仪测量标定大射电望远镜馈源精调平台是可行的.     

液压挖掘机工作装置的自适应控制

首先介绍了试验挖掘机机器人的电液比例系统及其控制系统的硬件结构,结合所采用的负载独立分配(LUDV)系统的特点给出了电液比例系统的数学模型,在此基础上,根据试验结果对电液比例模型进一步进行简化,得到了设计控制器所需的参考模型.然后以局部参数最优法为基础设计了自适应控制器,给出了自适应控制律.最后对铲斗轨迹跟踪控制进行了试验研究,通过试验结果对所设计的控制器与常规比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器跟踪设定直线的效果的比较分析,可知使用PID控制器所得到的跟踪误差大于110 mm,而使用所设计的控制器其跟踪误差可以控制在100 mm之内,精度有了一定的提高,并且铲斗运动速度从107 mm.s-1提高到135 mm.s-1,非直线度从4.8%降为3.8%,从而验证了所设计控制器的正确性和有效性.     

大射电望远镜馈源柔索支撑系统的建模与控制

根据柔索精确的悬链线解析表达式，推导出了两端固定时柔索初始长度与拉力之间的关系，从而能够精确而高效地获得柔索对两端节点的拉力，在此基础上应用牛顿-欧拉法建立了大射电望远镜馈源柔索支撑系统的动力学简化模型．针对该系统的非线性、慢时变、多变量耦合等特点，提出了一种带有自调整因子和比例积分校正环节的双模糊控制器来实现馈源轨迹跟踪．采用双模糊控制器对所建立的动力学模型进行了系统控制仿真实验．结果表明，该控制系统不仅能较好地跟踪期望信号，而且能满足馈源柔索支撑系统轨迹跟踪精度要求．     

移动小车的有限时间轨迹跟踪控制

讨论了基于运动学模型的移动小车的轨迹跟踪控制问题.利用有限时间控制技术,提出了一种连续的状态反馈跟踪控制律,使得对角速度不为0的期望轨迹,移动小车能够在有限时间内完全跟踪上期望轨迹.而且提出的跟踪控制律不存在奇异点.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

导引头稳定平台离散时间预设性能控制

针对现有离散时间预设性能控制方法对滑模趋近律依赖度高、抖振缺陷明显的难题,通过创建一种摆脱了滑模控制的设计新框架,为拦截弹导引头稳定平台提出了一种离散时间预设性能控制新方法。首先,设计一种离散时间性能函数对跟踪误差的收敛轨迹进行包络约束;然后,定义一种离散时间转换误差并将其用于构造一种新颖的反馈函数;设计离散时间控制律对新开发的反馈函数而不是转换误差进行镇定,不仅保证了所有跟踪误差均具有期望的预设性能,还摆脱了控制算法对滑模趋近律的依赖性,从根本上解决了控制抖振难题;最后,通过数值对比仿真验证了所提方法的有效性与优势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.