改进的直接分支模态综合法

介绍了直接分支模态综合法的基本原理并通过算例对算法进行验算,分析了该方法计算结果很不准确的原因并进行了改进。改进的分支模态法将系统中主子结构的剩余模态加入,降低了略去高阶模态带来的严重误差。计算结果与有限元软件ANSYS的计算结果吻合较好,误差小于2%。改进的方法不仅使计算结果准确,而且保持了原方法的优点,适用于工程计算。     

剑麻纤维细胞壁之间的“Steiner树”

通过分析剑麻纤维横截面的电子显微镜照片, 发现细胞壁之间的中间层呈现出鲜明的几何学规律: 相邻3个细胞壁之间的胞间层是具有120°角度对称性的三线结网络; 相邻的三线结串接起来, 形成了具有角度对称性、拓扑不变性和长度极小性的Steiner树状网络; 所有的Steiner树首尾相连, 生成了连通的Steiner环状网络. 换言之, 理想的细胞壁及胞间层网络受控于Steiner几何, 这个几何不仅刻画了细胞壁网络几何形状的对称性、拓扑结构的不变性和长度的极小性质, 而且从根本上主宰着麻纤维的力学.     

Symmetrical Fundamental Tensors, Differential Operators, and Integral Theorems in Differential Geometry

To make the geometrical basis for soft matters with curved surfaces such as biomembranes as simple as possible, a symmetrical analytical system was developed in conventional differential geometry. The conventional second fundamental tensor is replaced by the so-called conjugate fundamental tensor. Because the differential properties of the conjugate fundamental tensor and the first fundamental tensor are symmetrical, the symmetrical analytical system including the symmetrical differential operators, symmetrical differential characteristics, and symmetrical integral theorems for tensor fields defined on curved surfaces can be constructed. From the symmetrical analytical system, the symmetrical integral theorems for mean curvature and Gauss curvature, with which the symmetrical Minkowski integral formulas are easily deduced just as special cases, can be derived. The applications of this symmetrical analytical system to biology not only display its simplicity and beauty, but also show its powers in depicting the symmetrical patterns of networks of biomembrane nanotubes. All these symmetrical patterns in soft matters should be just the reasonable and natural results of the symmetrical analytical system.     

超级分形雪花的生长运动学

以超级分形纤维的研究结果为基础, 探索了(6+1)分圆超级分形纤维(其横截面是一朵超级分形雪花)的生长运动学(或花样运动学). 研究表明, (1) 超级分形雪花遵循简单的直线生长模式. (2) 在给定的瞬间, 雪花生长的速度在空间上均匀分布; 在特定的空间点, 雪花生长的速度随时间不断下降. (3) 自相似比对超级分形雪花的生长运动学有决定性的影响: 当且仅当自相似比等于1/3时, 雪花的宏观生长速度等于微观生长速度, 宏观稠密度等于微观稠密度; 当自相似比小于1/3时, 雪花的微观生长速度大于宏观生长速度, 微观稠密度大于宏观稠密度; 当自相似比大于1/3时, 雪花的宏观生长速度大于微观生长速度, 宏观稠密度大于微观稠密度. 这些结果, 为我们理解大自然中复杂的分形生长现象提供了参考.     

蜻蜓翅痣中的纳米纤维层状复合材料

通过场发射扫描电子显微镜, 观察了红蜻翅痣的截面, 发现了令人惊奇的纳米纤维层状结构: 套筒状的翅痣中存在厚度为2~3 ?m的夹心层; 夹心层由二十多层超薄纳米层逐层复合而成; 超薄纳米层的厚度大约为90~150 nm; 每层超薄纳米层由平行排列的纳米纤维黏结而成. 奇异的纳米纤维层状结构, 为理解翅痣的功能和仿生制造提供了启示.     

Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes (Part II): Applications

Introduction Yin et al.[1, 2] described a gradient operator ? derived from biomembranes with “the second gradient operator” defined on a curved surface. Yin[2] then used the second gradient operator to develop a set of integral theorems named “the second category of integral theorems” on curved surfaces, including the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem: d d ?2 dA C A? A = ?K∫∫ ∫ ∫∫i v si Li v A iv (1) …     

Invariants for Parallel Mapping

This paper analyzes the geometric quantities that remain unchanged during parallel mapping (i.e., mapping from a reference curved surface to a parallel surface with identical normal direction). The second gradient operator, the second class of integral theorems, the Gauss-curvature-based integral theorems, and the core property of parallel mapping are used to derive a series of parallel mapping invariants or geometrically conserved quantities. These include not only local mapping invariants but also global mapping invariants found to exist both in a curved surface and along curves on the curved surface. The parallel mapping invariants are used to identify important transformations between the reference surface and parallel surfaces. These mapping invariants and transformations have potential applications in geometry, physics, biomechanics, and mechanics in which various dynamic processes occur along or between parallel surfaces.     

复合材料层板屈曲中的剪切效应

本文在渐近有限元模型的基础上，进一步完善了渐近分析过程，修正了有关物理量的量级，给出了形式简洁且物理意义清晰的剪切修正项。改善后的模型能较好地反映横向剪切效应对复合材料层板屈曲特性的影响。本文用算例验证了改善后模型的合理性，并得出了一系列有实用价值的结论。     

Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes （Part I）： Fundamentals

A new gradient operator was derived in recent studies of topological structures and shape transitions in biomembranes. Because this operator has widespread potential uses in mechanics, physics, and biology, the operator‘s general mathematical characteristics should be investigated. This paper explores the integral characteristics of the operator. The second divergence and the differential properties of the operator are used to demonstrate new integral transformations for vector and scalar fields on curved surfaces, such as the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem. These new theorems provide a mathematical basis for the use of this operator in many disciplines.     

Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes （Part Ⅱ）： Applications

Based on the second gradient operator and corresponding integral theorems such as the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem on curved surfaces, a few new scalar differential operators are defined and a series of integral transformations are derived. Interesting transformations between the average curvature and the Gauss curvature are presented. Various conserved integrals related to the Gauss curvature and the second fundamental tensor are disclosed. The important applications of the results in disciplines such as the geometry, physics, mechanics, and biology are briefly discussed.