Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes (Part II): Applications

Introduction Yin et al.1, 2] described a gradient operator ? derived from biomembranes with “the second gradient operator” defined on a curved surface. Yin2] then used the second gradient operator to develop a set of integral theorems named “the second category of integral theorems” on curved surfaces, including the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem: d d ?2 dA C A? A = ?K∫∫ ∫ ∫∫i v si Li v A iv (1) …

Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes (Part II): Applications

Based on the second gradient operator and corresponding integral theorems such as the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem on curved surfaces, a few new scalar differential operators are defined and a series of integral transformations are derived. Interesting transformations between the average curvature and the Gauss cur- vature are presented. Various conserved integrals related to the Gauss curvature and the second fundamental tensor are disclosed. The important applications of the results in disciplines such as the geometry, physics, mechanics, and biology are briefly discussed.