Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes (Part II): Applications

Introduction Yin et al.[1, 2] described a gradient operator ? derived from biomembranes with “the second gradient operator” defined on a curved surface. Yin[2] then used the second gradient operator to develop a set of integral theorems named “the second category of integral theorems” on curved surfaces, including the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem: d d ?2 dA C A? A = ?K∫∫ ∫ ∫∫i v si Li v A iv (1) …     

类脂双层膜BLMs的镶嵌修饰与应用

报道了类脂双层膜BLMs在离子通道和电子跨膜传递、光电转换、膜与溶液中离子、分子的相互作用以及作为传感器检测离子、分子等方面的镶嵌修饰与应用。     

Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes （Part I）： Fundamentals

A new gradient operator was derived in recent studies of topological structures and shape transitions in biomembranes. Because this operator has widespread potential uses in mechanics, physics, and biology, the operator‘s general mathematical characteristics should be investigated. This paper explores the integral characteristics of the operator. The second divergence and the differential properties of the operator are used to demonstrate new integral transformations for vector and scalar fields on curved surfaces, such as the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem. These new theorems provide a mathematical basis for the use of this operator in many disciplines.     

Integral Theorems Based on a New Gradient Operator Derived from Biomembranes （Part Ⅱ）： Applications

Based on the second gradient operator and corresponding integral theorems such as the second divergence theorem, the second gradient theorem, the second curl theorem, and the second circulation theorem on curved surfaces, a few new scalar differential operators are defined and a series of integral transformations are derived. Interesting transformations between the average curvature and the Gauss curvature are presented. Various conserved integrals related to the Gauss curvature and the second fundamental tensor are disclosed. The important applications of the results in disciplines such as the geometry, physics, mechanics, and biology are briefly discussed.