北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区秋冬季鸟类调查及保护研究

2007年10月至2008年3月对北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区进行了鸟类多样性调查,共记录到鸟类69种,隶属13目24科45属.其中旅鸟最多,计50种,占总种数的72.5%.依次是留鸟(14种),冬候鸟(12种)和夏候鸟(10种).记录到的鸟类中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种;国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类9种;北京市一级保护鸟类4种;北京市二级保护鸟类24种,优势种鸟类9种,常见种8种,稀有种52种,与湿地关系密切的游禽和涉禽占优势地位.从生境类型上看,水域和林地分别具有最高的属的多样性和科的多样性.从空间分布上看,水域及其近水生境以及康西草原是保护区鸟类的主要分布区域.此外,作者在保护水环境、消除人为干扰以及提高保护区管理效率等方面提出了建议.     

白银库伦自然保护区春季鸟类多样性研究

2005年和2006年的3～5月对内蒙古白银库伦自然保护区6种不同生境的鸟类进行了调查研究.共记录到鸟类67种,隶属于9目23科.其中繁殖鸟类57种(留鸟和夏候鸟),国家级重点保护鸟类有11种.根据鸟类的多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度和相似性系数等群落特征参数对不同生境中的鸟类多样性与生境的关系进行分析,结果表明:保护区内鸟类群落结构与各生境类型内部的空间异质性程度密切相关,生境的空间结构越复杂,则鸟类群落多样性就越高;明水面鸟类群落多样性最高,芨芨草草甸的多样性指数最低}五蕊柳沼泽地鸟类群落的均匀度指数最高,典型草原的最低;各鸟类群落问的相似性指数均较低,表现出各生境鸟类群落结构差异较大;并结合保护区的现状及发展提出保护对策.     

花溪十里河滩国家城市湿地公园鸟类多样性研究

为了解花溪十里河滩国家城市湿地公园内鸟类多样性的情况,于2017年2月-2018年1月采用样线法和样点法对其进行每月2次的调查研究。结果显示,鸟类总数3 006只,隶属10目30科44种。其中:国家II级重点保护鸟类3种,三有鸟类33种;留鸟34种,冬候鸟4种,夏候鸟6种,雀形目所含种数及数量所占比例最大。另外,从优势度分析中得知该湿地景观内的优势种有小(Podiceps ruficollis)、黄臀鹎(Pycnonotus xanthorrhous)、白颊噪鹛(Pterorhinus sannio)等,对比鸟类多样性,该湿地景观内十里河滩地段在鸟类多样性、物种优势度和均匀度均高于花溪公园。从生境类型看,鸟类多样性、物种优势度和均匀度树林最高,村落较低。     

花坪自然保护区不同生境类型夏季鸟类多样性分析

2005年7～8月,采用样线法在广西花坪国家级自然保护区对原生林、次生林、农田-经济林三种生境类型的夏季鸟类群落进行调查,以Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou指数、优势度指数、G-F指数分析鸟类的多样性。结果共记录到鸟类66种,隶属7目29科。原生林的鸟类物种数、物种多样性及G-F指数最高,该群落的鸟类在物种和科属水平上拥有最高的多样性,但是个体数量较少。次生林的鸟类群落密度最高,但是数量集中在几种少数优势种上,多样性指数低。农田-经济林的Pielou指数最高,鸟类群落结构合理、分布均匀、多样性高。保持各类生境空间结构和分布格局,提高植物群落的复杂性,对鸟类多样性及其生存和繁衍有着重要影响。     

云南楚雄小百草岭鸟类多样性空间格局

【目的】探究云南楚雄小百草岭地区鸟类空间分布格局的特征,分析不同生境及海拔段鸟类多样性差异,为该地区鸟类资源保护措施的制定提供基础资料。【方法】采用样线法对云南省楚雄州小百草岭地区鸟类资源开展了一个完整年度的调查研究,通过计算各生境和海拔段的鸟类多样性指数,进行空间分布格局分析。【结果】在小百草岭地区共记录到鸟类122种,隶属10目43科,包括国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类17种。其中,留鸟110种(占90.16%),夏候鸟5种(占4.10%),冬候鸟6种(占4.92%),旅鸟1种(占0.82%)。在115种繁殖鸟类(留鸟和夏候鸟)中,以东洋界物种为主(占50.43%)。季节变化中,鸟类物种丰富度指数由大到小依次为夏季(112)、春季(104)、秋季(79)、冬季(76)。春季鸟类科-属多样性指数最高(0.772),冬季最低(0.662);小百草岭3种生境中,林地的鸟类物种丰富度(117)和科-属多样性指数(0.739)均最高,耕地的鸟类物种丰富度(48)和科-属多样性指数(0.549)最低。鸟类物种丰富度在≥2 100～2 600 m的中海拔地区最高,物种丰富度垂直分布格局为峰值位于中海拔的单...     

淮南市十涧湖国家城市湿地公园鸟类多样性初步研究

2017年1月～12月,采用样线调查法和定点观察法相结合的方法,对淮南市十涧湖国家城市湿地公园鸟类多样性进行调查,共记录到鸟类14目39科共112种,其中有国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类2种,安徽省地方重点保护鸟类29种。鸟类居留类型分析表明,有留鸟36种(占32.2%),夏候鸟和冬候鸟均为27种(占24.1%),旅鸟22种(占19.6%)。从区系组成上来看,古北界种类最多,有52种(占46.4%),东洋界种14种(占12.5%),两界广布种46种(占41.1%)。公园内观察到水鸟49种,其中鸻鹬类种类和数量较多,雁鸭类数量较少。鸟类多样性的分析结果表明,春秋两季鸟类种类和数量较多,鸟类多样性指数也较高。调查区域内五类生境中,树林(灌丛)生境内的鸟类物种数和个体数最多,多样性指数也高于其它生境,明水水面内鸟类的物种数和个体数最少,多样性指数也最低。     

泰州地区鸟类多样性调查

为掌握江苏省泰州地区鸟类资源现状,2012年7月至2013年8月,采用样线法(6条)和样点法(6个)相结合的方法对该地区鸟类进行了调查.调查结果显示,在泰州地区共发现鸟类114种,隶属15目39科.按居留类型区分,其中候鸟占46.49%,留鸟占36.84%,旅鸟占16.67%;从物种多样性来看,泰州地区的鸟类多样性接近南京禄口机场地区,而低于江苏沿海区域;从区系类型来看,绝大部分鸟类为古北界和东洋界广布种;从栖息的生境来看,生活在林地、沼泽和湖泊湿地中的鸟类种类最多.鉴于泰州地区鸟类多样性现状和维持城市生态平衡,建议加强对该地区鸟类的保护工作.     

机场鸟类群落的组成与动态

为了减少机场鸟撞事故的发生,2017年4月至2018年3月,采用样线法对河北南部机场鸟类群落与动态进行了研究.结果显示:共记录鸟类12目29科66种,雀形目(Passeriformes)鸟类的密度、活动频率和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H')最高.在空间动态分布上,各样区的鸟类在物种数量、密度、活动频率、多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数(E)上均存在着显著性差异(P<0.05),其中样区4的鸟类物种数和活动频率最高;样区6的鸟类密度、多样性指数和均匀性指数最大;样区1和样区4的相似性系数(S)最高.在季节动态分布上,各季节的鸟类在物种数量、密度、活动频率和均匀性指数上差异性不显著(P>0.05),但是在多样性指数上存在着显著性差异(P<0.05).春季鸟类物种数最高;春季和秋季鸟类多样性指数、均匀性指数最高;夏季和冬季鸟类密度、活动频率最高;春夏两季的相似性系数最高.因此,根据此特点和机场生境,结合对机场有威胁的29种鸟类,提出有关鸟类防治对策.     

甘肃多儿国家级自然保护区夏季鸟类多样性及垂直分布

2015年7月及8月对甘肃省迭部县多儿国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性进行调查.结果显示保护区分布有繁殖鸟类8目29科95种,在沿海拔梯度分布的4类生境中,阔叶林中鸟类多样性最高(47种,多样性指数3.34),高山灌草丛及裸岩生境中鸟类多样性最低(23种,多样性指数2.90),鸟类物种数和多样性指数随海拔梯度呈递减趋势.保护区鸟类区系中,广布种的种类有74种(占77.89%),古北界的种类有8种(占8.42%),东洋界的种类有13种(占13.68%),以喜马拉雅-横断山区型(33种、34.73%)、不易归类型(16种、16.84%)和古北型(12种、12.63%)分布为主.不同海拔生境中,广布种均占较大优势,东洋界及古北界种类比例少,这些区系上的特点体现了保护区动物地理上位于古北界青藏区和东洋界华中区、西南区三区交界的特点.保护区典型的青藏区物种有斑尾榛鸡(Bonasa sewerzowi)、雪鹑(Lerwa lerwa)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)、长尾地鸫(Zoothera dixoni)、雪鸽(Columba leuconota)等.     

上海郊区夏季鸟类群落特征及多样性研究

2001年和2002年夏季对上海郊区不同生境鸟类进行了调查，共记录到鸟类68种，隶属11目25科。上海郊区夏季鸟类平均密度为2.7237只/hm²,现存生物量为276.0663g/hm²。鸟类多样性指数为2.2815，均匀度指数为0.5407,优势指数为0.2254.农田居民区、滩涂湿地和丘陵林地三种典型生境中，湿地鸟类种类最多，多样性指数最高，但密度最低；农田生境多样性最低，但密度最高，林地生境种类最少。研究结果表明，上海郊区夏季不同生境鸟类群落特征差异显著，但群落结构稳定，改善环境的自然性、增加空间异质性、减少人为干扰等可使鸟类群落的多样性和密度增加。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.