淮南市十涧湖国家城市湿地公园鸟类多样性初步研究

2017年1月～12月,采用样线调查法和定点观察法相结合的方法,对淮南市十涧湖国家城市湿地公园鸟类多样性进行调查,共记录到鸟类14目39科共112种,其中有国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类2种,安徽省地方重点保护鸟类29种。鸟类居留类型分析表明,有留鸟36种(占32.2%),夏候鸟和冬候鸟均为27种(占24.1%),旅鸟22种(占19.6%)。从区系组成上来看,古北界种类最多,有52种(占46.4%),东洋界种14种(占12.5%),两界广布种46种(占41.1%)。公园内观察到水鸟49种,其中鸻鹬类种类和数量较多,雁鸭类数量较少。鸟类多样性的分析结果表明,春秋两季鸟类种类和数量较多,鸟类多样性指数也较高。调查区域内五类生境中,树林(灌丛)生境内的鸟类物种数和个体数最多,多样性指数也高于其它生境,明水水面内鸟类的物种数和个体数最少,多样性指数也最低。

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BIRD DIVERSITY OF SHIJIANHU NATIONAL CITY WETLAND PARK IN HUAINAN, ANHUI

The birds diversity in Shijianhu National Wetland Park of Huainan was surveyed by methods of line transects and fixed-spot observation from January to December, 2017. We totally recorded 112 bird species, which belonged to 14 orders, 39 families. Among them, one species was first-grade protected in China, two species were second-grade ones, and 29 species were in the Anhui provincial protected bird list. There were 36 resident species (32.2%), 27 summer and winter migrants (24.1%) and 22 passengers (22.6%). The avifauna in this area were 52 species (46.4%) belonging to Palaearctic realm, 14 (12.5%) Oriental, and 46 (41.1%) widespread ones. There were 49 species to be waterbirds, and among them, the community of shorebirds was the most abundant, the geese and ducks were rare. Analysis showed that the number of species and individuals of birds was abundant and the diversity indexes were relatively higher in spring and autumn. According to habitat types, the highest proportion of birds and bird diversity index occurred in the forest habitat and the abundance and diversity in water habitats were the lowest.