牙鲆幼鱼饲料中锰、钴适宜添加量的初步研究

锰和钴是鱼类必需的微量元素,具有重要的生理功能.在以鱼粉为基础的牙鲆幼鱼实用饲料中分别添加不同浓度的锰或钴,投喂初始平均重量为10.03～10.87 g的牙鲆幼鱼一个月.结果表明,所有各组鱼的成活率相近.饲料添加锰0～50 mg/kg,添加量为10 mg/kg时牙鲆幼鱼生长最快,增重率达到159.4 %,比不添加组高出近一倍,添加量大于30 mg/kg则鱼的增重率明显下降.肌肉和骨骼中的锰含量随着饲料中锰添加量的增加而明显上升.而饲料中添加钴0～0.8 mg/kg,鱼的增重率、肌肉和骨骼中钴的含量虽有所上升,但并不显著.根据生长和元素在组织中的含量,初步确定了以鱼粉为基础的牙鲆幼鱼实用饲料中锰和钴的适宜添加量分别为锰10～20 mg/kg,钴0.8 mg/kg左右.     

白甲鱼幼鱼饲料中营养素适宜含量和最适能量蛋白比研究

用正交试验法L9(34)配制9种饲料,以增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率为评价指标,对白甲鱼幼鱼(3.32±0.47)g配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、总能、无机盐需要量及最适能量蛋白比进行了研究.结果表明各营养素对幼鱼的增重率、饲料系数及蛋白质效率的影响从大到小依次为蛋白质、总能、脂肪、无机盐,白甲鱼最适生长所需饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、总能、无机盐含量分别为38.07%,4.98%,12.35kJ/g,3.5%,最适能量蛋白比(E/P)为32.44kJ/g,其中蛋白质为影响幼鱼生长和鱼体成分的主要因素(P<0.05).     

大鳞鲃幼鱼对蛋白质适宜需求量的研究

为了研制适宜大鳞鲃生长的最佳配合饲料,本试验对大鳞鲃幼鱼的蛋白质需求量进行了研究.试验分为6组,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为30.59%(P1)、35.34%(P2)、40.45%(P3)、45.90%(P4)、50.02%(P5)和54.19%(P6)的等脂等能饲料,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼,养殖70 d后采样,结果显示,当饲料中蛋白水平从30.59%到45.9%逐渐增多时,鱼体增重率(WG)和特定生长(SGR)显著升高(P0.05),饵料系数(FCR)明显降低;当饲料中蛋白质含量继续增加时,鱼体增重率和特定生长率呈下降趋势,但无显著差异(P0.05),而饲料系数却显著升高(P0.05).当饲料中蛋白质含量为50.02%和54.19%时,鱼体脏体比显著低于其他各组(P0.05),其他各组之间无显著差异(P0.05).当饲料中蛋白质含量从30.59%到54.19%逐渐升高时,鱼体肌肉中粗蛋白含量呈先升高后降低趋势,粗脂肪含量则反之,而当饲料中的蛋白质含量为40.45%(P3)时,粗蛋白含量最高,粗脂肪含量最低,且与高蛋白质组(50.02%和54.19%)差异显著.此外,以饲料中蛋白质含量为自变量,分别以增重率和饵料系数为因变量进行二次回归方程分析可得,大鳞鲃幼鱼增重率最大时对蛋白质的最适需求量为43.88%,而大鳞鲃幼鱼饵料系数最小时对蛋白质的最适需求量为43.81%.综上,大鳞鲃幼鱼对饲料中蛋白质的最适需求量在43.88%左右.     

溶解氧水平对褐牙鲆幼鱼能量代谢和氧化应激的影响研究

【目的】查明溶解氧含量下降对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼能量代谢及氧化应激的影响。【方法】测定褐牙鲆幼鱼在溶解氧由7.4mg/L下降至0.9mg/L过程中耗氧率、排氨率、氧氮比以及氧化应激指标的变化。【结果】随着溶解氧含量(DO)降低,褐牙鲆幼鱼耗氧率呈"U"型变化,氧氮比呈倒"U"型变化,褐牙鲆幼鱼肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,尽管肌肉和肝脏中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活性有增强的趋势,但由于体内产生过多的活性氧自由基,使得脂质过氧化反应增强,脂质过氧化物增多,机体仍表现出氧化损伤。【结论】褐牙鲆幼鱼的能量代谢指标和部分氧化应激指标对溶解氧含量下降有明显反应,可作为判断溶解氧含量是否对褐牙鲆产生胁迫及调控养殖水体溶解氧含量的依据。     

野生与养殖暗纹东方(Fugu obscurus)脂肪酸组成和含量的初步研究

对野生及2龄养殖暗纹东方肝脏和肌肉总脂中脂肪酸的组成和含量进行了测定,结果表明主要的组分均为16:0、16:1、18:1,其中18:1(亚油酸)是最主要的脂肪酸.野生暗纹东方肝脏和肌肉总脂中的脂肪酸种类,尤其是多烯酸种类,均多于养殖鱼.养殖鱼肝脏中(DHA+EPA)的含量超过了野生鱼,而肌肉中(DHA+EPA)的含量与野生鱼相近.     

斜带石斑仔鱼不同饵料的营养分析及其对生长和鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响

对斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides仔鱼投喂了不同的饵料(微颗粒饲料,用海水小球藻培养的生物饵料,用小球藻培养后用胶囊强化剂强化的生物饵料),在25 d后结束取样测量体质量、体长等,并分析了各种饵料和鱼体的脂肪酸组成.研究表明,用海水小球藻培养的生物饵料都含有较丰富的EPA,但缺乏DHA,使仔鱼的生长、成活和鱼体DHA较低;而经胶囊强化剂强化后的饵料提高了其中的DHA含量,使仔鱼的生长、成活和鱼体DHA均有所提高.鱼体脂肪酸组成受到饵料脂肪酸组成的较大影响,同时提示了仔鱼DHA不能由自身合成,DHA对仔鱼的生产、成活具有很重要的影响.     

黑斑口虾蛄营养成分的研究

分析了黑斑口虾蛄(Oratosquillakempi)的基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成和含量．结果表明,肌肉中必需氨基酸的含量平均占氨基酸总量的56．83％,其肌肉、精巢、卵巢中EPA和DHA含量均很高,平均占脂肪酸总量的9．68％和14．22％．     

饲料铜水平对方格星虫稚虫生长及体组成的影响

【目的】了解饲料中微量元素铜水平对方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus)稚虫生长及体组成的影响,探索饲料中铜元素的最佳含量。【方法】通过给方格星虫稚虫投喂不同铜水平(2.7 mg/kg,7.5 mg/kg,11.2mg/kg,19.8mg/kg,30.4mg/kg,52.1mg/kg)的饲料56d,研究微量元素铜对方格星虫的成活率、增重率(Weight gain rate,WGR)、特定生长率(Specific gain rate,SGR)、体组成成分的影响。【结果】饲料中的微量元素铜水平对方格星虫稚虫的增重率、特定生长率有显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中铜含量的提高,方格星虫稚虫的SGR和WGR都呈先上升后下降,之后再上升的趋势,当饲料铜含量为11.2mg/kg时,方格星虫稚虫增重率和特定生长率均达到最大值。饲料铜水平对方格星虫稚虫的成活率、体组成成分没有显著影响(P0.05)。【结论】基础饲料中铜的适宜添加量为7.5~11.2mg/kg。     

军曹鱼饲料中VE、VC、胆碱、肌醇适宜添加量的研究

采用L(9 34)正交设计法,配制成9种含有不同VE(40、45、50 mg/kg)、VC(500、750、1 000 mg/kg)、胆碱(3 000、5000、8 000 mg/kg)和肌醇(200、400、600 mg/kg)的实用性饲料,饲养平均体长为(17.78±1.70)cm,平均体重(28.96±9.78)g的军曹鱼幼鱼60 d。每种饲料随机投喂3组实验鱼,每天投喂2次,投喂量为鱼体重的3%～5%。实验结束时测定增重率并计算饲料系数和成活率。结果显示:对照组和实验1～9组的增重率分别为80.82%、251.39%、327.45%、54.37%、99.24%、231.28%、69.12%、107.19%、91.47%和69.51%,饲料系数分别2.13、1.78、1.63、2.05、1.88、1.85、2.02、1.96、2.03和1.97。方差分析表明,军曹鱼饲料中VE、VC、胆碱、肌醇的适宜添加量分别为45 mg/kg、750 mg/kg、3 000 mg/kg和200 mg/kg。     

不同剂型微量元素对鲤鱼生长及肌肉营养状况的影响

用氨基酸微量元素、多糖酸微量元素及无机微量元素,添加在鲤鱼饲料中,进行对比饲喂试验,并对各组试验鱼的增重率、饲料转化率、肌肉营养成份及肌肉微量元素的含量进行分析测定.结果表明,添加微量元素的各试验组均优于对照组.等量添加的氨基酸微量元素、多糖酸微量元素,明显优于无机微量元素.氨基酸微量元素的增重率和饲料转化率比无机微量元素分别提高8.8 %、10.2 %;多糖酸微量元素的增重率和饲料转化率比无机微量元素分别提高5.9 %、3.7 %.氨基酸微量元素与多糖酸微量元素对鲤鱼增重率及饲料转化率的影响无显著差异.在本试验条件下,每kg饲料添加多糖酸微量元素Fe150mg、Cu3mg、Zn30mg、Mn13mg是适宜的.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to