牙鲆幼鱼营养需要的研究

在实验条件下,当饲料中蛋白质含量为52.78 %、脂肪含量8.78 %、碳水化合物含量15.80 %时,牙鲆增重率最高;在饲料中不含EPA和DHA时,牙鲆幼鱼生长缓慢,肝体指数升高,当EPA和DHA在饲料中含0.5 %和1.0 %时,牙鲆生长最好;EPA和DHA的比率对于鱼体生长和脂肪酸的组成影响较大,摄入EPA/DHA比率为1/2的饲料,鱼的增重率都显著高于其他各组,饲料中脂肪酸的组成对于鱼体肌肉和肝脏中极性和非极性脂肪酸组成都无显著影响,而且发现摄食不同饲料,鱼体肌肉和肝脏极性脂中EPA/DHA的比率都接近于1/2.牙鲆幼鱼饲料中,各微量元素的适宜需要量分别为铁374 mg/kg,锌119.2 mg/kg,锰19.24 mg/kg～29.15 mg/kg,铜5.62 mg/kg～7.24 mg/kg,钴2.20 mg/kg,硒1.94～2.19 mg/kg.对维生素的需要量为VA8780 IU/kg, VD 1880 IU, VE 186 mg/kg,VK 11.7 mg/kg, VB1 8.2 mg/kg,VB2 14.7 mg/kg,水溶性VB3 60 mg/kg,水不溶VB3 45 mg/kg,VB5 106 mg/kg,VB6 25.4 mg/kg,生物素1.91 mg/kg,叶酸9.4 mg/kg,VC(LAPP)400 mg/kg,肌醇800～1200 mg/kg,胆碱2000 mg/kg.      

锌及其蛋氨酸螯合物对中华绒螯蟹生长的影响

研究了鱼粉—豆饼饲料中添加硫酸锌及蛋氨酸锌对中华绒螯蟹生长的影响.分五个水平添加锌，即20mg/kg，40mg/kg，80mg/kg，160mg/kg，200mg/kg饲料.其中200mg/kg水平用蛋氨酸锌添加，其它水平分别以硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌两种形式添加，对照组不添加.试验期为49d，试验结果表明，河蟹的鱼粉—豆饼饲料中加硫酸锌，对其增重率和存活率均无明显影响，但其肝、胰脏的锌含量在添加20mg/kg及其以上水平时达到最大.蛋氨酸锌组的增重率高于同水平的硫酸锌组，但除了40mg/kg水平外，差异不显著(P＞0.05)，蟹体锌含量高于对照的9.9%～13.4%.     

不同剂型微量元素对鲤鱼生长及肌肉营养状况的影响

用氨基酸微量元素、多糖酸微量元素及无机微量元素,添加在鲤鱼饲料中,进行对比饲喂试验,并对各组试验鱼的增重率、饲料转化率、肌肉营养成份及肌肉微量元素的含量进行分析测定.结果表明,添加微量元素的各试验组均优于对照组.等量添加的氨基酸微量元素、多糖酸微量元素,明显优于无机微量元素.氨基酸微量元素的增重率和饲料转化率比无机微量元素分别提高8.8 %、10.2 %;多糖酸微量元素的增重率和饲料转化率比无机微量元素分别提高5.9 %、3.7 %.氨基酸微量元素与多糖酸微量元素对鲤鱼增重率及饲料转化率的影响无显著差异.在本试验条件下,每kg饲料添加多糖酸微量元素Fe150mg、Cu3mg、Zn30mg、Mn13mg是适宜的.     

军曹鱼饲料中VE、VC、胆碱、肌醇适宜添加量的研究

采用L(9 34)正交设计法,配制成9种含有不同VE(40、45、50 mg/kg)、VC(500、750、1 000 mg/kg)、胆碱(3 000、5000、8 000 mg/kg)和肌醇(200、400、600 mg/kg)的实用性饲料,饲养平均体长为(17.78±1.70)cm,平均体重(28.96±9.78)g的军曹鱼幼鱼60 d。每种饲料随机投喂3组实验鱼,每天投喂2次,投喂量为鱼体重的3%～5%。实验结束时测定增重率并计算饲料系数和成活率。结果显示:对照组和实验1～9组的增重率分别为80.82%、251.39%、327.45%、54.37%、99.24%、231.28%、69.12%、107.19%、91.47%和69.51%,饲料系数分别2.13、1.78、1.63、2.05、1.88、1.85、2.02、1.96、2.03和1.97。方差分析表明,军曹鱼饲料中VE、VC、胆碱、肌醇的适宜添加量分别为45 mg/kg、750 mg/kg、3 000 mg/kg和200 mg/kg。     

林林饲料的开发

1 松针饲料添加剂的生产 松针饲料添加剂,又称松针粉饲料,是一种富含维生素和微量元素的畜禽补充饲料.特级品中含胡萝卜素90mg/kg以上,含微量元素有锌、硒、铁、锰、铜、钴、钼等,钙和磷的含量也较高,并含有畜禽需要的绝大部分的氨基酸.因此制成配合饲料用以喂养畜禽,具有抗疾病、增重快、产蛋产奶多的作用.一般在猪饲料中添加2.5%～4.5%的松针粉,增重率能提高15%～40%,并提高瘦肉率;在蛋鸡饲料中添加5%松针粉,产蛋率可提高13%以上;在奶牛饲料中添加10%松针粉,产奶量可提高4.5%～7.4%.此饲料是由松林抚育和采伐时产生的嫩枝绿叶制成的,其生产过程是:     

溶解氧水平对褐牙鲆幼鱼能量代谢和氧化应激的影响研究

【目的】查明溶解氧含量下降对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼能量代谢及氧化应激的影响。【方法】测定褐牙鲆幼鱼在溶解氧由7.4mg/L下降至0.9mg/L过程中耗氧率、排氨率、氧氮比以及氧化应激指标的变化。【结果】随着溶解氧含量(DO)降低,褐牙鲆幼鱼耗氧率呈"U"型变化,氧氮比呈倒"U"型变化,褐牙鲆幼鱼肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,尽管肌肉和肝脏中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活性有增强的趋势,但由于体内产生过多的活性氧自由基,使得脂质过氧化反应增强,脂质过氧化物增多,机体仍表现出氧化损伤。【结论】褐牙鲆幼鱼的能量代谢指标和部分氧化应激指标对溶解氧含量下降有明显反应,可作为判断溶解氧含量是否对褐牙鲆产生胁迫及调控养殖水体溶解氧含量的依据。     

饲料中添加锌对牙Ping生长和生化指标的影响

含锌３７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础饲料中,分别加入锌０．１５,３０,５０,８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲喂初重为３０．８５￣３４．８５ｇ的牙Ｐｉｎｇ幼鱼１个月,结果表明：饲料中添加锌,鱼的增重率,肝脏锌含量、肠粘膜碱性磷酸酶活性都高于不添加组;且有随添加量加大而增加的趋势。     

饲料铜水平对方格星虫稚虫生长及体组成的影响

【目的】了解饲料中微量元素铜水平对方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus)稚虫生长及体组成的影响,探索饲料中铜元素的最佳含量。【方法】通过给方格星虫稚虫投喂不同铜水平(2.7 mg/kg,7.5 mg/kg,11.2mg/kg,19.8mg/kg,30.4mg/kg,52.1mg/kg)的饲料56d,研究微量元素铜对方格星虫的成活率、增重率(Weight gain rate,WGR)、特定生长率(Specific gain rate,SGR)、体组成成分的影响。【结果】饲料中的微量元素铜水平对方格星虫稚虫的增重率、特定生长率有显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中铜含量的提高,方格星虫稚虫的SGR和WGR都呈先上升后下降,之后再上升的趋势,当饲料铜含量为11.2mg/kg时,方格星虫稚虫增重率和特定生长率均达到最大值。饲料铜水平对方格星虫稚虫的成活率、体组成成分没有显著影响(P0.05)。【结论】基础饲料中铜的适宜添加量为7.5~11.2mg/kg。     

饲料中维生素C添加量对黄姑鱼体组成成分和组织中抗氧化酶活力的影响

以鱼粉、豆粕、玉米蛋白粉为蛋白源,鱼油、豆油、大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源,配制成6种维生素C水平分别为2.1、45.3、89.6、132.4、178.6和547.1 mg/kg的等氮等能的试验饲料,对初始体重为(33.26±0.05)g的黄姑鱼进行为期9周的养殖试验。结果显示:饲喂132.4和547.1 mg/kg组的黄姑鱼全鱼和肌肉脂肪含量显著高于对照组(2.1 mg/kg);肝脏中T-SOD和CAT活力在547.1 mg/kg组最高;血清中T-SOD随VC添加水平的升高而波动下降,但GSH-PX随VC添加水平的升高而升高;饲料中添加89.6 mg/kg以上VC能使肝脏和血清中的MDA处于较低水平。综合得出,饲料中添加132.4 mg/kg的VC能满足黄姑鱼基本需求,但VC添加量提高到547.1 mg/kg时,能获得更好的抗氧化性能。     

中华绒螯蟹幼蟹对饲料中维生素B6的适宜需求量

试验以酪蛋白为蛋白源,配制了维生素B₆含量分别为0,10,30,60,100,150,200和400 mg/kg的8种等氮等能的半精制饲料,在静水系统中投喂体重为(2.12±0.56) g的幼蟹10周.结果表明,饲料中不同含量的维生素B₆对中华绒螯蟹的存活率、增重率、体水分和灰分含量等均没有显著影响,但饲料中添加维生素B6能够显著提高幼蟹蛋白利用率、体粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量.饲料中维生素B₆含量由0~100 mg/kg升高时,蛋白利用率随之显著提高.体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量的变化趋势与蛋白质利用率相似,其中维生素B₆添加量为100 mg/kg的处理组,幼蟹的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组和400 mg/kg维生素B₆添加组.幼蟹肝胰腺中谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活力先随着维生素B₆添加量升高而增强,添加100 mg/kg维生素B₆的试验组,幼蟹的谷丙转氨酶活力显著高于其它各试验组.根据各处理组中华绒螯蟹对饲料蛋白的利用率和肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶活力与饲料中维生素B₆的关系,采用折线回归法计算得出中华绒螯蟹幼蟹对饲料中维生素B6的最适需求量为81.675~85.740 mg/kg饲料.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.