血吸虫膜相关抗原基因的克隆

目的:筛选日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum,S.japonicum)新的疫苗候选抗原基因.方法:以S.japonicum成虫DNA为模板,PCR扩增相关基因,然后将其克隆XpBS-T载体,通过菌落PCR对产物进行检测,对阳性克隆子测序,与GeneBank中的已知相关序列进行比对分析.结果:菌落PCR获得一条与PCR产物一致的DNA片段,序列测定结果表明PCR产物与S.japonicum 22.6 kDa抗原分子核苷酸序列具有高度同源性.其目的基因大小636 bp,具有一个189 bp的ORF,能编码63个氨基酸.ORF不是全长的阅读框,只获得部分编码区.表达产物可含有一个包含9个氨基酸残基的潜在螺旋跨膜片段(25～33位)和一个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点(38～39位).讨论:成功克隆出一个与S.japonicum 22.6kDa抗原编码基因有高度同源性的基因.预测该基因为膜相关蛋白基因,可编码血吸虫体表膜相关蛋白.在生理机能上,该膜相关蛋白可能是信号传递分子.     

家蚕浓核病毒BmDNV-1(伊那株)结构蛋白基因VP4的克隆、表达及抗体制备

为研发新的日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)疫苗候选抗原基因,为血吸虫诊断和疫苗研制提供依据,提取和纯化S.japonicum成虫DNA,PCR扩增相关基因,然后将其克隆入pBST载体,对菌落PCR阳性克隆子测序和分析.菌落PCR获得一条与PCR产物一致的DNA片段,PCR产物与S.japonicum 22 600抗原分子DNA序列具有高度同源性,636 bp大小,oRF189 bp,ORF小是全长的蒯读框,只获得部分编码区,能编码63个氨基酸,表达产物含有一个包含9个氨基酸残基的潜在螺旋跨膜片段(25～33位)和一个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点(38～39位).本研究所获取的阳性克隆是与S.japonicum 22 600抗原编码基因有高度同源性的基因.通过Blastn和BLASTP分析,预测该基因为体膜相关蛋白基因,可编码血吸虫体壁相关蛋白,可能是信号传递分子.     

日本血吸虫天然抗病分子疫苗的结构与功能分析 Ⅰ.未成熟卵28kDa分子的快速分离纯化与鉴定

为了进一步研究日本血吸虫天然抗病分子(SIEA 28 kDa)的结构与功能,采用SDS-PAGE制备电泳和电洗脱法从日本血吸虫未成熟卵可溶性抗原(SIEA)中快速分离纯化了SIEA 28 kDa抗原分子,纯化后抗原分子经梯度凝胶电泳分离,重复测定其分子量。同时,采用Western blot和ELISA检测SIEA 28 kDa分子的免疫活性及其生化纯度。证实获得的提取物SIEA 28 kDa抗原分子的纯度高、活性好;用该抗原分子免疫家兔获得的单特异性抗血清可同时识别日本血吸虫未成熟虫卵、雌虫和雄虫的28 kDa抗原组分。说明该分子与日本血吸虫成虫(AWA)28 kDa组分具有部分交叉抗原性。     

基于转录本组和蛋白质组数据的日本血吸虫候选疫苗分子序列的预测和分析

预测了可能模拟致弱疫苗免疫保护性效果的日本血吸虫抗原分子,为实验鉴定抗日本血吸虫候选疫苗分子提供基础.实验基于已发表的辐照尾蚴转化的童虫的特征性转录本组(曼氏血吸虫)和蛋白质组(日本血吸虫)序列,用BLASTP算法等搜寻来源于正常日本血吸虫童虫和成虫的转录本组和蛋白质组中的序列;应用在线软件、相关数据库及文献对这些序列进行序列注释分析.结果获得了与辐照尾蚴转化的童虫特征性表达的分子同源或一致的日本血吸虫序列131条,它们较高比例地出现在正常童虫高表达的分子集类中;进一步文献分析预测得到了52个日本血吸虫候选疫苗分子,它们的序列特征与存在于血吸虫体被的一些分子和已知的抗血吸虫疫苗分子的相类似.用数据挖掘技术获得了一批日本血吸虫候选疫苗分子,为进一步实验研究奠定了基础.     

日本血吸虫体壁抗原基因的筛选与克隆

为筛选并克隆新的日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum,Sj)候选抗原基因,以日本血吸虫成虫总DNA为模板,通过生物信息学以及分子生物学手段从日本血吸虫全基因组中筛选目的基因.根据所筛选到的目的基因的核酸序列设计合成引物,用PCR法扩增目的基因,将其克隆入pBS-T载体后转入到大肠杆菌DH5a菌株,筛选阳性克隆.通过对阳性菌落质粒进行PcR予以证实.最终成功筛选并克隆到日本血吸虫体壁候选抗原基因.     

DNA疫苗经基因枪介导的免疫研究

将基因枪介导的DNA疫苗用于小鼠腹部免疫,并用免疫组化法检测gD抗原在接种部位的表达,利用ELISA检测血清中的抗gD抗体,并采用病毒攻击检测DNA疫苗对动物的保护效果。结果表明,基因枪可有效地将DNA质粒运送至小鼠皮肤组织,DNA疫苗携带的抗原保护基因gD2糖蛋白能在真皮和肌肉组织中高效表达。同时,免疫小鼠体内产生高滴度的中和抗体,能有效抵抗HSV2病毒的攻击。     

有氧和力竭游泳运动对DNA疫苗免疫效果的影响及机制研究

将48只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分成对照组(16只),有氧游泳运动组(16只)和力竭游泳运动组(16只).在小鼠分别进行6周有氧和力竭游泳运动后,肌肉注射DNA疫苗3次,每次间隔14d.末次免疫后14d,处死小鼠,收集血液和脾细胞,检测抗原特异性的体液和细胞免疫反应.为了进一步研究不同强度有氧运动影响疫苗的免疫效果的作用机理,小鼠运动6周后,处死小鼠,收集脾细胞分析CD4⁺CD25+CD25⁺调节性T细胞(Treg)的数量及其抑制功能和IL-2的变化.结果显示:和对照组比,有氧运动增强了抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应和细胞毒T淋巴细胞反应(CTL);与之相反,力竭运动抑制抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应和CTL反应.但两种不同强度的游泳运动都不影响血清中抗体的产生.机理研究发现,力竭运动增加Treg细胞的数量及抑制功能,而有氧运动并不影响Treg的数量和功能,但增加脾细胞IL-2的表达.以上结果表明:1)有氧和力竭运动不影响DNA疫苗的体液免疫效果;2)有氧运动可能通过增加脾细胞中IL-2的产生而增强DNA疫苗的细胞免疫效果;3)力竭游泳运动可能通过改变Treg的数量及其抑制功能而削弱DNA疫苗的细胞免疫效果.     

利用基因表达谱芯片研究东方田鼠和小鼠感染日本血吸虫前后基因的差异性表达

利用大、小鼠基因表达谱芯片分别研究了Balb/c小鼠感染日本血吸虫7d时肺组织、东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫7d时肺组织、12d时的肺和肝组织基因差异表达方式.结果表明,小鼠感染日本血吸虫7d时肺丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Serine protease inhibitor) 基因表达上调,同时没有免疫相关基因的表达变化;与之相反,东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫7d 时肺丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因没有表达变化,非特异性免疫相关基因,如溶菌酶(Lysozym e) 和各类组织蛋白酶(Cathepsin)基因表达上调,而且肺内特异性免疫相关基因如CD74、MHC Ⅱ和MHC Ⅰ等表达上调.这一现象得到东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫12d时肺和肝中特异性免疫和非特异性免疫相关基因的上调表达的进一步证实.而且,东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫12d时肺中丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因表达下调,肝组织中胰岛素样生长因子-1(Insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF 1)基因表达下调.提示日本血吸虫适宜性宿主小鼠和非适宜性宿主东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫前后两者有相反的基因表达方式.东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫机制可能包括免疫防御机制和阻止虫体获得宿主源促生长发育物质机制.     

日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因的扩增及克隆

目的:扩增和克隆日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因(SjESG),以研究其作为候选疫苗分子和药物靶点的可能性.方法:合成引物,以日本血吸虫雌、雄虫cDNA第一链为模板,RT-PCR扩增日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因,与带有硫氧还蛋白(Trx)基因的高效原核表达质粒pET32a(+)定向重组,构建原核表达重组质粒,并经限制性核酸内切酶酶切分析和PCR鉴定.结果:从雌虫cDNA中扩增出624bp SjESG基因,原核表达重组质粒pET32a(+)-SiESG经限制性核酸内切酶酶切和PCR均获得624bp的DNA片段.结论:成功构建原核表达重组质#ipET32a(+)-SjESG.     

共刺激分子B7和CD40对日本血吸虫感染小鼠Th1/Th2免疫偏移的调控作用

为观察干预B7/CD28和CD40/CD40L共刺激信号对Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平和Th1/Th 2免疫偏移的调控作用, 分别取小鼠感染日本血吸虫后6、8、10和12周的脾淋巴细胞经抗CD8 0(B7-1)mAb、抗CD86(B7-2)mAb、抗CD40mAb和抗CD40LmAb处理后培养72h,用ELISA 双抗体夹心法测定培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-4的表达水平的动态变化并分析干预2种不同的共刺激信号对 Th1/Th2免疫偏移的影响.结果显示抗CD80mAb和抗CD86mAb均能显著抑制IL-4的表达水平, 尤其是抗CD86mAb对IL-4抑制作用尤为明显.抗CD40mAb和抗CD40LmAb也能影响Th2细胞因子的表达.其中以阻断CD40分子的作用更为显著.结果提示B7/CD28和CD40/CD40L共刺激信号可以调节Th1/Th2细胞因子的表达水平和调控Th1/Th2免疫偏移.干预B7/CD28和CD40/CD40L 介导的共刺激信号调控Th1/Th2免疫偏移有可能是一种控制血吸虫卵肉芽肿病变新型的免疫治疗途径.     

Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric molecule composed of p35 and p40 subunits. Analyses in vitro have defined IL-12 as an important factor for the differentiation of naive T cells into T-helper type 1 CD4+ lymphocytes secreting interferon-gamma (refs 1, 2). Similarly, numerous studies have concluded that IL-12 is essential for T-cell-dependent immune and inflammatory responses in vivo, primarily through the use of IL-12 p40 gene-targeted mice and neutralizing antibodies against p40. The cytokine IL-23, which comprises the p40 subunit of IL-12 but a different p19 subunit, is produced predominantly by macrophages and dendritic cells, and shows activity on memory T cells. Evidence from studies of IL-23 receptor expression and IL-23 overexpression in transgenic mice suggest, however, that IL-23 may also affect macrophage function directly. Here we show, by using gene-targeted mice lacking only IL-23 and cytokine replacement studies, that the perceived central role for IL-12 in autoimmune inflammation, specifically in the brain, has been misinterpreted and that IL-23, and not IL-12, is the critical factor in this response. In addition, we show that IL-23, unlike IL-12, acts more broadly as an end-stage effector cytokine through direct actions on macrophages.     

Transforming growth factor-beta induces development of the T(H)17 lineage

A new lineage of effector CD4+ T cells characterized by production of interleukin (IL)-17, the T-helper-17 (T(H)17) lineage, was recently described based on developmental and functional features distinct from those of classical T(H)1 and T(H)2 lineages. Like T(H)1 and T(H)2, T(H)17 cells almost certainly evolved to provide adaptive immunity tailored to specific classes of pathogens, such as extracellular bacteria. Aberrant T(H)17 responses have been implicated in a growing list of autoimmune disorders. T(H)17 development has been linked to IL-23, an IL-12 cytokine family member that shares with IL-12 a common subunit, IL-12p40 (ref. 8). The IL-23 and IL-12 receptors also share a subunit, IL-12Rbeta1, that pairs with unique, inducible components, IL-23R and IL-12Rbeta2, to confer receptor responsiveness. Here we identify transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) as a cytokine critical for commitment to T(H)17 development. TGF-beta acts to upregulate IL-23R expression, thereby conferring responsiveness to IL-23. Although dispensable for the development of IL-17-producing T cells in vitro and in vivo, IL-23 is required for host protection against a bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. The action of TGF-beta on naive T cells is antagonized by interferon-gamma and IL-4, thus providing a mechanism for divergence of the T(H)1, T(H)2 and T(H)17 lineages.     

Study on interleukin-18 gene transfer into human breast cancer cells to prevent tumorigenicity

To study the effect of interleukin-18 gene transfection on the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cell line Bacp37, human breast cancer cell line Bcap37 were transfected with Lipofectamine and selected by G418. The biological expression of rhIL-18 was tested by RT-PCR and ELISA method; nude mice were injected with Bcap37 cell with or without the hIL-18 gene. The hIL-18 cDNA was successfully integrated into Bcap37 cell; 126.3+/-4.5 pg hIL-18 secreted by one million transduced cells in 24 hours. Nude mice injected with IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cell had no tumor growth. These findings indicated that human breast cancer cells were successfully modified by the gene of IL-18 cytokine; the IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cells secreted hIL-18 and lost their tumorigenicity. The Bcap37 cells transduced with IL-18 gene may be used as breast cancer vaccine.     

藏猪白细胞介素-12基因表达对猪圆环病毒2 疫苗的免疫增强效应

为研究IL-12基因在猪体内表达对PCV2疫苗免疫应答的调控作用,本研究将藏猪IL-12基因克隆至VR1020载体,壳聚糖包裹重组质粒制备成壳聚糖纳米颗粒(VRIL-12-CNP)并与PCV2疫苗共同接种21日龄断奶仔猪.接种后第0d、7d、14d和28d采集猪前腔静脉血进行血细胞分析、PCV2抗体检测和相关免疫基因表达量检测,并记录体重.结果显示:接种VRIL-12-CNP和PCV2疫苗的实验组猪的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞和PCV2抗体显著增长(P0.05),TLR2/7、IL-12/4/6/15、STAT1/3和Bcl-2基因的表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验期间实验组体重净增长也明显高于对照组(P0.05).结果表明:VRIL12-CNP能增强PCV2疫苗的先天性和获得性体液、细胞免疫应答,是安全、有效的PCV2疫苗佐剂.     

Th17细胞相关细胞因子与急性移植物抗宿主病关系的探讨

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植治疗血液系统疾病后,血清中Th17细胞相关的细胞因子与急性移植物抗宿主病的关系。方法 78例血液病患者进行异基因造血干细胞移植,对移植后发生急性移植物抗宿主病患者(n=12),未发生急性移植物抗宿主病患者(n=14),及健康对照组(n=10),以及发生急性移植抗宿主病患者(n=10)在有效治疗前后,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中细胞因子IL-17、IL-23、IL-21、IFN-γ、TGF-β1、IL-22浓度。结果 1 aGVHD者(n=12)血清中Th17细胞相关因子浓度(pg/mL)较正常对照组(n=10)和无aGVHD组(n=14)显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而TGF-β1(1 156.61±458.04)显著低于正常对照组(2 978.34±1 647.71)和无aGVHD组(2 541.62±1 805.16),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IL-22:未发生aGVHD组高于健康对照组(22.14±2.49,19.18±1.24),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除IL-21、IL-22和IL-23浓度高于健康对照组外(P<0.05),其余的细胞因子健康对照组和无急性aGVHD组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),aGVHD组血清IL-22浓度与无aGVHD和健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。210例有效治疗者,治疗后均有降低,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而IL-22在有效治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Th17细胞相关的细胞因子与(IL-17、IL-23、IL-21、IFN-γ、TGF-β1)与aGVHD的发生发展和疗效有关,而与IL-22无关。     

117β-雌二醇对小鼠脾脏CD11c阳性树突状细胞白细胞介素和TNF-α表达的影响

在mRNA水平上研究17β-雌二醇(17β-estradiol,E2)对小鼠脾脏CD11c阳性树突状细胞(spleenCD11c-positive dendritic cells,SDCs)合成的细胞因子IL-6,IL-10,IL-12和TNF-α的调节作用.方法:免疫磁珠法纯化小鼠CD11c阳性SDCs,用不同浓度的...     

GAGE-1 DNA肿瘤疫苗的构建及其抗肿瘤治疗效果的试验研究

目的 观察G antigen 1 (GAGE-1)核酸疫苗pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1免疫小鼠后,对表达GAGE-1抗原的B-16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞的保护作用.方法 将C57 BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,与0、2、4周分别接种pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1（实验组1）、pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1/白介素2（实验组2）、pcDNA3.1＋（对照组1）,pcDNA3.1＋/白介素2（对照组2）各三次.末次免疫后10d小鼠用于肿瘤细胞攻击试验：分别于左背部、右背部皮下种植B16肿瘤细胞、B16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞.种植肿瘤细胞（荷瘤）后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小和荷瘤后小鼠的生存时间及生存率. 结果： pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2质粒免疫的小鼠在种植B16/GAGE-1、B16/pcDNA3.1+后,发现小鼠成瘤时间明显延迟,成瘤减小,生存期明显延长.结论:pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2 DNA 疫苗在体内能诱导出显著的GAGE-1特异性肿瘤免疫应答,且能抑制体内已经存在的少量肿瘤细胞的成瘤     

IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth

Chronic inflammation has long been associated with increased incidence of malignancy and similarities in the regulatory mechanisms have been suggested for more than a century. Infiltration of innate immune cells, elevated activities of matrix metalloproteases and increased angiogenesis and vasculature density are a few examples of the similarities between chronic and tumour-associated inflammation. Conversely, the elimination of early malignant lesions by immune surveillance, which relies on the cytotoxic activity of tumour-infiltrating T cells or intra-epithelial lymphocytes, is thought to be rate-limiting for the risk to develop cancer. Here we show a molecular connection between the rise in tumour-associated inflammation and a lack of tumour immune surveillance. Expression of the heterodimeric cytokine interleukin (IL)-23, but not of its close relative IL-12, is increased in human tumours. Expression of these cytokines antagonistically regulates local inflammatory responses in the tumour microenvironment and infiltration of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Whereas IL-12 promotes infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, IL-23 promotes inflammatory responses such as upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, and increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration. Genetic deletion or antibody-mediated elimination of IL-23 leads to increased infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into the transformed tissue, rendering a protective effect against chemically induced carcinogenesis. Finally, transplanted tumours are growth-restricted in hosts depleted for IL-23 or in IL-23-receptor-deficient mice. Although many strategies for immune therapy of cancer attempt to stimulate an immune response against solid tumours, infiltration of effector cells into the tumour tissue often appears to be a critical hurdle. We show that IL-23 is an important molecular link between tumour-promoting pro-inflammatory processes and the failure of the adaptive immune surveillance to infiltrate tumours.