硅橡胶动态拉伸力学性能的实验研究

为研究硅橡胶在高应变率下的拉伸力学性能,基于旋转盘式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸测试系统,针对硅橡胶低模量、低强度的特点,选择和确定了拉伸试件与入射杆/透射杆的机械连接方式以及拉伸试件的形状和尺寸,实现了硅橡胶材料的高应变率（350 s^-1）单向拉伸试验.采用自动网格法应变测试技术,实施了硅橡胶在准静态（0.001 s^-1）和中应变率（1 s^-1）加载条件下的单向拉伸试验.拉伸应力-应变测试结果表明：硅橡胶的拉伸力学行为具有明显的超弹性特征,且具有显著的应变率相关性,其拉伸模量随着加载应变率的升高而增大.     

单轴压缩下炭质板岩的应变速率效应及声发射特性

为了探究应变速率对炭质板岩单轴力学特性和声发射特征的影响,开展了4组不同准静态应变速率（8.50×10^-6s^-1、1.70×10^-5s^-1、1.70×10^-4s^-1和3.34×10^-4s^-1）下的单轴压缩试验,并同时监测了加载过程的声发射信号。基于试验数据,总结分析了应变速率对炭质板岩应力-应变关系、能量耗散及声发射特征的影响规律,探讨了应变速率的影响机制。同时,基于加载过程中耗散能密度的演变规律,提出了将耗散能曲线平直段起点作为炭质板岩闭合应力σ_cc、平直段终点作为扩容应力σ_cd的特征应力确定方法。结果表明：在准静态应变速率范围内,炭质板岩的弹性模量和峰值强度随应变速率的增大均先增大后减小,在应变速率1.7×10^-4s^-1时达到最大值;闭合应力、起裂应力和扩容应力与峰值应力的比值基本在0.37、0.55和0.74左右,不随应变速率发生变化;应变速率对声发射信号影响显著,随应变速率增加,0~50kHz内的主频率占比逐渐增加,而100~250kHz内的主频率占比逐渐减小,炭质板岩的破坏形式逐渐由张拉破坏变为剪切破坏。     

钢管RPC抗多次冲击动态力学性能研究

采用φ75 mm分离式霍普金森压杆试验装置对16个钢管活性粉末混凝土试件进行了不同应变率下的多次冲击压缩试验,得到了动态应力-应变曲线和破坏形态.试验结果表明：当应变率小于80 s^-1时,钢管RPC在多次冲击下仍能保持较稳定的力学性能;当应变率大于106 s^-1时,钢管RPC在多次冲击下发生塑性变形,表现出良好的延性,核心RPC开裂.多次冲击作用下,钢管RPC仍保持较高的强度、较好的延性和完整性,是一种抗冲击性能良好的防护工程材料.     

应变率效应对再生混凝土动态力学性能的影响

通过约束再生混凝土单轴受压动态力学试验,研究了应变率效应对约束再生混凝土力学参数的影响.分析不同应变率下再生混凝土动态破坏特征以及受压应力-应变关系全曲线,可以发现:在不同应变率、再生粗骨料取代率或体积配箍率下,再生混凝土单轴应力-应变关系曲线的上升段基本一致,而下降段差异较为明显;随着应变率的提高或再生粗骨料取代率的增加,下降段曲线随之变陡,而随着箍筋配箍率的提高,下降段曲线明显随之趋于平缓.通过试验数据回归分析,提出约束再生混凝土受压峰值应力和峰值应变动态放大系数函数模型;随着应变率的提高,约束再生混凝土受压峰值应力和峰值应变均随之增大;而约束再生混凝土受压峰值应变动态放大系数增加幅值低于受压峰值应力动态放大系数的增加幅值;进一步分析了应变率效应对约束再生混凝土初始弹性模量的影响规律,确定了初始弹性模量和应变率的函数关系,并给出了初始弹性模量动态放大系数函数模型.随着应变率的提高,约束再生混凝土初始弹性模量动态放大系数随之增大,但其增长幅度要比受压峰值应力和峰值应变动态放大系数的增长幅度小.     

高强再生混凝土常规三轴受压本构曲线试验

为了研究高强再生混凝土单轴及常规三轴应力状态下的受压应力-应变全曲线特征,通过RMT - 201完成43个Φ50 mm× 100 mm圆柱体试验,分析了不同围压、不同再生粗骨料取代率对高强再生混凝土强度、峰值应变以及全曲线的影响,提出了高强再生混凝土应力-应变曲线本构方程.试验结果表明:高强再生混凝土试件破坏形态与普通...     

纳米二氧化硅改性再生混凝土的单轴受压动态力学性能

基于新提出的纳米二氧化硅水泥净浆二次改性再生骨料方法,通过混凝土单轴受压动态力学试验,获得了不同应变率(10-5s-1、10-3s-1、10-1s-1)、不同改性方法(纳米二氧化硅水泥净浆二次改性、纳米二氧化硅粉煤灰复合改性、纳米二氧化硅预浸泡)的再生混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线,分析对比了改性前后应力-应变曲线特征。结果表明,新的改性方法能够有效改善再生混凝土力学性能,准静态下峰值应力提升25.1%,弹性模量增加85.8%。改性后再生混凝土的峰值应力和弹性模量动态增长因子降低,而峰值应变动态增长因子提高。最后,提出了改性后再生混凝土动态应力-应变本构模型,对比结果显示,模型预测曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,能为工程设计和应用提供依据。     

TC6钛合金4种典型组织的动态力学行为研究

 采用分离式霍普金森压杆技术,研究了4种典型组织TC6钛合金试样在高应变率加载条件(10³ s^-1)下的动态力学行为,并分析了原始组织对动态力学行为的影响.结果表明:在高应变率加载条件下,4种典型组织TC6钛合金的流变应力显示了相同的变化规律:变形初期,应变较小时,流变应力随应变增加快速增加;随后流变应力出现振荡,应力达到峰值后,流变应力随应变的增大而逐渐减小,呈现稳态流变;最后流变应力快速下降;在10³ s^-1数量级的高应变率加载条件下,随着应变率的增加,4种组织的流变应力均呈上升趋势;4种组织TC6钛合金都是应变率敏感材料,但4种组织的应变率效应不同;63#网蓝组织显示了较高的应变率敏感性,64#固溶时效组织则表现出较低的应变率敏感性,61#等轴组织和62#双态组织应变率敏感性相当.     

再生混凝土单轴受压应力-应变全曲线试验研究

完成了不同再生粗骨料取代率下再生？昆凝土的单轴受压应力-应变全曲线试验，分析了再生粗骨料取代率对再生混凝土的应力-应变全曲线形状和再生混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量、峰值及极限应变的影响．研究表明，再生混凝土的应力-应变全曲线的总体形状与普通混凝土的相似，但曲线上各特征点的应力和应变值有所区别；再生混凝土的棱柱体抗压强度与立方体抗压强度的比值高于普通混凝土；再生混凝土的峰值应变大于普通混凝土；再生混凝土的弹性模量明显低于普通混凝土．再生混凝土应力-应变全曲线的上升段和下降段可以分别用3次多项式和有理分式拟合．     

单轴受压下钢纤维再生骨料混凝土本构模型

通过150mm×150mm×300mm钢纤维再生骨料混凝土棱柱体的单轴受压试验,研究了水胶比、再生骨料取代率和钢纤维体积率等参数对钢纤维再生混凝土轴压应力-应变全曲线的影响,揭示了钢纤维再生混凝土的破坏机理和参数变化对钢纤维再生混凝土单轴受压力学性能影响的规律.结果表明,钢纤维改变了再生混凝土的破坏形态,随着钢纤维体积率增大,试件由劈裂破坏转变为剪切破坏,剪切面与荷载垂线的夹角增大,峰值应力和峰值应变均有一定程度的提高.相同钢纤维体积率下,钢纤维再生混凝土峰值应力受再生骨料取代率变化的影响较小;但是,随着再生骨料取代率的增加,钢纤维再生混凝土峰值应变增大,初始弹性模量减小.与普通混凝土类似,随水胶比的减小,钢纤维再生混凝土应力应变曲线下降段的斜率增大.基于对试验数据的综合分析,建立了考虑再生骨料取代率、钢纤维体积率影响的钢纤维再生混凝土轴压本构模型.     

603钢动态剪切性能及失效分析研究

采用基于霍普金森杆的新型加载技术对603钢的动态剪切性能进行了测试研究,并分析了其失效的微观机理.在超过10⁴ s^-1的应变率下获得了材料的剪应力-剪应变曲线,并结合实验观测确定了材料的失效参数.结果显示,材料的流动应力存在明显的应变率强化效应;而且随着应变率的升高,失效应力略有上升,而失效应变逐渐降低.ABAQUS/Explicit有限元分析软件所得剪应力-剪应变曲线与实验结果吻合较好.通过断口分析可知,材料的失效总体表现为韧性断裂,同时受到绝热剪切作用的影响;在高应变率下,材料的绝热剪切现象更加明显.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman     

Progress in Linear Scaling Non-Orthogonal Localized Molecular Orbitals Method

The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-     

An Accurate and Universal HEOM Approach to Strongly Correlated Quantum Impurity Systems

A hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)approach is developed for general open quantum systems coupled to fermionic environment.The HEOM method is in principle formally exact,as it resolves nonperturbatively the combined effects of many-body interaction,system-bath dissipation,and non-Markovian memory.In practice,the HEOM approach is highly accurate and efficient for the characterization of strongly correlated quantum impurity sys-     

关于有理混合吸引子的Ciric型非唯一不动点定理

本文我们应用有理混合吸引子条件去证明具非唯一不动点的映射Ciric型的若干不动点定理.结果推广并改进已知的一些结果.     

次线性算子交换子在变指数Herz-Morrey空间上的有界性

本文主要利用给出的次线性算子分别与BMO函数及Lipschitz函数生成的交换子在变指数L~(p(·))(R~n)空间上的有界性,证明了其在变指数Herz-Morrey空间MK_(q,p(·))~α~((·)),λ(R~n)上的有界性.     

利用GPS双频观测值实现PPP电离层延迟高阶项改正

给出了利用双频观测值计算L3组合电离层延迟高阶项改正的方法,并与全球电离层延迟文件的改正效果进行对比.利用赤道附近的15个国际全球卫星导航定位系统服务组织(IGS)站的数据进行比较,结果表明:2种方法计算的电离层二阶项延迟互差最大不超过1 cm,三阶项延迟互差最大不超过5 mm;电离层高阶项改正后的观测值精密单点定位(PPP)解算结果N、E、U方向互差平均值分别为0.4、0.5、1.0mm,因此2种改正方法效果在同一水平.