影响GPS测量的电离层延迟模型研究

GPS作为一种无线电导航系统,受到很多误差源的影响,如:卫星轨道误差、卫星钟差、电离层延迟误差、对流层延迟误差、多路径误差、接收机钟差和测量噪声等误差。其中,自从SA(Selected Availability)于2000年5月1日取消以后,电离层误差是最大的一项误差。为了消除电离层延迟的影响,GPS导航定位中采用了双频改正法、利用电离层延迟的空间相关性差分以及各种电离层模型来削弱其影响。本文探讨了常用的修正GPS电离层延迟的模型和经验改正公式:Bent模型,IRI模型,Klubuchar模型,双频改正法等,并详细论述了如何利用双频观测值建立电离层模型。     

仅采用Fr（φ）项的中长基线解算法的研究

仅采用Fr（φ）项的基线向量解算法由于不进行周跳的探测和修复,以及整周模糊度的确定等工作,无法利用双频观测值来消除电离层延迟,因而只能用于短基线向量的解算。利用IGS提供的全球电离层格网图GIM来进行电离层延迟改正,取得了较好的效果,使该算法也能使用于中等长度的基线向量的解算。实际计算结果表明：利用24h的观测资料和上述方法来计算边长为31km～107km的GPS控制网时,基线向量的精度可达0.2ppm.     

利用CORS进行格网化电离层TEC实时监测

为了实现对区域电离层的实时监测,利用连续运行参考站观测到的双频GPS数据提取电离层总电子含量(TEC)信息.根据卫星和接收机硬件延迟在一定时间内比较稳定的特点,利用前一天计算的硬件延迟值来修正当日卫星传播路径上的总电子含量值,从而获得实时的电离层总电子含量.由此建立单历元多站多项式模型,结果表明:当基站间距离平均约为250 km时,由7个基站共同建立的实时模型内外符合精度平均优于0.8 TECU(1TECU=1016电子数/m2),将实时模型计算的电离层延迟改正信息应用于静态单频PPP定位中,点位精度能够达到0.3~0.4m,与不进行电离层延迟改正的单频PPP定位结果相比提高80%左右.因此,进一步结合格网技术,可以实现区域电离层总电子含量的实时监测.     

GPS广播电离层模型精化方法

电离层延迟是影响定位的主要误差源之一,与电离层电子含量(TEC)密切相关。Klobuchar模型是GPS单频用户在实时定位中消除电离层延迟的有效方法,其精度在太阳活动低年只有50%-60%。本文针对TEC时间序列的随机噪声和Klobuchar模型参数设置的局限性采取两种不同的改进策略,以双频改正法计算值作参考,利用广西CORS监测站数据进行解算并分析不同优化策略的效果,研究表明,针对TEC时间序列的精化模型,Kalman滤波处理策略效果最优,加权最小二乘方法效果最差,该处理策略改进效果整体差于模型参数的估计改正策略,模型参数改正方法,以14参数模型改正效果为最优,10参数次之,8参数最差,另外模型的计算效率也是其适用性的考量标准之一。     

基于GPS数据确定电离层延迟的蚀因子法

通过建立电离层交叉点(ionospheric pierce point,IPP)点的电离层蚀因子(ionospheric eclipse factor,IEF)λ及其影响因子(ionospheric influence factor,IFF)-λ,综合λ,-λ与IPP点的地方时t,研究了一种利用GPS数据确定电离层延迟的新方法--电离层蚀因子法(ionospheric eclipse factor method,IEFM).IEFM方法强调根据电离层的变化特性选择合理的TEC模型.初步结果表明,利用IEFM拟合的电离层延迟的改正精度更接近L3观测自校正电离层延迟的精度.     

GPS对流层延迟的历元间差分分析

GPS(Global Positioning System)观测难免受到各种因素的影响,虽然可以通过不同观测组合和改正模型予以消弱,但总有一定的残留误差对定位结果产生影响.基于精密单点定位理论,通过无电离层组合模型、高精度GPS卫星轨道、卫星钟差来削弱电离层延迟误差、轨道误差的影响,以不同采样间隔的观测数据,分析对流层延迟历元间差分结果的特性;分析不同采样间隔观测中,对流层延迟历元间差分值的变化,对流层延迟对历元间差分观测值的影响;残留误差对历元间差分结果、组合观测值的影响;残留误差在时间序列上的变化.     

电离层对GPS测量的影响

GPS作为一种无线电导航系统,受到很多误差源的影响,即:卫星轨道误差、卫星钟差、电离层延迟误差、对流层延迟误差、多路径误差、接收机钟差和测量噪声等误差。其中,自从SA(Selected Availability)于2000年5月1日取消以后,电离层误差是最大的一项误差。电离层延迟对GPS定位的影响结果,主要体现在定位精度的降低和定位方法的限制等方面。电离层使接收到的GPS信号产生延迟,从几米到百米以上。如果不考虑这种影响,就会严重降低GPS定位和授时的精度。因此,电离层误差是GPS测量中的主要误差源,必须加以改正。本文介绍了电离层对GPS定位的影响,包括码群延迟(即绝对测距误差)、载波相位超前(即相对测距误差)、多普勒时延(即距速误差)以及信号衰减(即振幅闪烁),并论述了影响电离层密度的因素。     

BDS/GPS四频组合观测值系数选择方法与分析

长波长、弱电离层延迟、低噪声的线性组合观测值能够实现整周模糊度的快速确定,而组合的波长、电离层延迟系数及观测噪声都由组合系数决定。在用频率因子、电离层延迟因子和观测噪声因子表征组合波长、电离层延迟系数及观测噪声大小的基础上,利用搜索法得到了适合于整周模糊度解算的BDS/GPS B1、B2、L1、L2四频组合观测值系数,利用函数法得到了观测噪声最优时组合观测值系数和与频率因子及电离层延迟因子的函数关系,结果表明,0,-1,0,(1)、-1,0,1,(0)和-1,-1,1,(1)3组系数确定的组合观测值具有较长的组合波长,较小的电离层延迟误差和观测噪声,有利于整周模糊度的解算。     

地面GPS双频非差观测值仿真

本文在系统研究GPS观测模型和各项误差模型的基础上,建立了地面GPS双频非差观测模型,设计了一套较完整的计算仿真程序。误差模型包括钟差、电离层延迟、对流层延迟、相对论效应、地球固体潮等,反映了测量环境条件。根据具体要求可在观测值中添加粗差和周跳,为利用GPS观测值探讨定位方案设计、周跳和粗差探测等问题提供了验证平台。最后,本文利用BERNESE定位软件给出了电离层延迟和对流层延迟分别对单点定位精度影响的实例,实验证明仿真结果与实际情况符合较好。     

太阳风暴期间的北斗电离层建模优化

北斗卫星导航系统发播地理坐标系下8参数Klobuchar电离层模型提供给单频用户使用,且采用实时观测数据每2 h更新一次模型参数.太阳风暴会造成电离层严重扰动,可能对电离层模型预报精度带来严重影响.本文针对北斗系统电离层模型参数特点,在分析相邻两天周期项参数对改正精度影响的基础上,设计了基于历史周期项参数的模型解算方法,首先利用前一天24 h观测数据解算的余弦周期项参数作为当天模型周期项参数,然后利用当天累积数据,采用最小二乘方法解算余弦幅值项参数.该方法固定对电离层模型精度影响较小的周期项参数,实现利用较短时段太阳风暴期间电离层穿刺点观测数据拟合电离层模型振幅参数,从而达到太阳风暴期间电离层模型改正精度显著提升.采用北斗实测电离层数据,分析比较北斗发播模型结果和基于历史周期项参数模型结果的预报精度,结果表明:太阳风暴期间,北斗系统发播模型结果因受前一天观测数据影响,预报精度大幅降低,电离层负暴期间中国区域平均预报精度比常态降低达40%,而基于历史周期项参数的模型结果在太阳风暴期间的预报精度均与平静期间精度相当,平均预报精度优于70%.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to