低温回归再时效对7B04-T651铝合金厚板组织与性能的影响

研究了回归及回归再时效处理对7B04铝合金预拉伸厚板的显微组织、力学性能及电导率的影响. 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了回归再时效合金的微观组织,并对合金进行了力学性能及电导率测试. 结果表明:采用合适的回归再时效工艺(180℃/1h,水淬+120℃/22h)可使材料具有接近T6态合金强度的同时,电导率大幅度提升,达21.0MS·m-1;此时,合金晶内组织与T6状态相似,析出相细小呈弥散分布,而晶界组织与双级T74时效组织特征相似,晶界析出相粗大呈不连续分布,晶界两侧伴之以明显的晶界无析出带.     

双级时效对7A52铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、电导率测定、透射电镜分析等手段研究双级时效处理条件下7A52铝合金的力学性能、电导率和显微组织结构。研究结果表明:7A52铝合金适宜的双级时效工艺为105℃/8 h 130℃/14 h。在此条件下,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和电导率分别为500 MPa,444 MPa,11.1%和18.44 S/m。与单级峰值时效相比,强度并未明显降低而电导率有明显提高,表明合金抗应力腐蚀性能得到改善。双级时效后,合金的晶内组织为细小弥散分布的η′(MgZn2)相,晶界上有断续分布的晶界析出相MgZn2和较明显的无沉淀析出带。     

喷射成形高锌Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的时效行为

系统研究了喷射成形高锌Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在不同时效处理条件下的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明:自然时效合金在晶界处已析出强化相;单级时效合金随时效时间的延长,晶内和晶界析出相逐渐粗化;双级时效合金的析出相进一步粗化,并且晶界析出相为断续特征;回归再时效合金具有较细的晶内组织及类似于双级时效的晶界组织.同时发现,双级时效合金的抗拉强度比峰时效合金的强度下降了13%左右,而回归再时效合金的强度优于峰时效合金的强度.     

回归处理工艺对7050铝合金力学和晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相及透射电镜观察等手段,研究回归处理工艺对7050铝合金力学和晶间腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:T6态合金硬度和强度很高,但抗晶间腐蚀能力较弱;与T6态相比,合金经较低温度长时间回归并再时效后,强度和抗晶间腐蚀性能都得到改善;合金经120 ℃/20 h预时效 190 ℃/60 min回归 120 ℃/24 h再时效处理后,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和晶间腐蚀最大深度分别为593 MPa,571 MPa,10.5%和0.05 mm,具有最佳的综合性能;经190 ℃/60 min回归和再时效处理后,合金晶内组织与T6态的组织相似,晶界析出相粗大且不连续分布,因此,合金强度最高,抗晶间腐蚀能力最强.     

双级时效对7050铝合金厚板断裂韧性的影响

采用金相组织观察、扫描电镜、透射电镜、常温拉伸和紧凑拉伸等方法,研究双级时效对7050铝合金厚板拉伸力学性能和断裂韧性的影响.研究结果表明:低温短时时效后晶内析出球状GP区和和η'相;过时效后,晶内析出粗大η相和少量η'相;随着时效时间的延长,晶界析出相粗化,并由连续分布变为非连续分布,无沉淀析出带变宽:强度先增大后减小,断裂韧性先减小后增大,断裂方式由延性穿晶剪切断裂经沿晶断裂转变为穿晶韧窝断裂.     

时效温度对Fe-Ni-Cr沉淀强化合金焊缝显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用OM、SEM等手段表征不同时效处理工艺下Fe-Ni基沉淀强化奥氏体合金焊缝显微组织;采用硬度显微仪表征时效温度对焊件力学性能的影响.结果表明:焊缝区分为垂直于焊接方向的柱状晶区和焊缝中心细小的等轴晶区,柱状晶区与等轴晶区有明显的分界线.同样保温8 h,当时效温度为640℃时,焊缝柱状晶区和等轴晶区均匀分布着细小的γ′颗粒,且晶界及晶内不存在η相的析出;随着时效温度的升高,晶界及晶内逐渐析出片状η相;当时效温度达到740℃时,晶界析出大量大尺寸片状η相.同时,γ′相的数量随着η相的析出而减少,η相的析出是以牺牲γ′相为代价的.因此,时效处理的保温温度应低于740℃.显微硬度测试结果表明,时效处理后的焊件硬度得到了显著提升.     

高锌超高强铝合金强韧化工艺研究

采用硬度测试、拉伸性能、紧凑型拉伸、透射电子显微镜等方法,研究了单级时效和双峰时效对高锌Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金强度、断裂韧性的影响。以及时效过程中合金显微组织变化规律。研究结果表明:合金最佳单级时效工艺为120℃/24 h,此时合金晶内析出细小弥散的GP区和η’相,晶界析出相连续分布。此时合金强度最高,断裂韧性较差。最佳的双峰时效工艺为120℃/24 h+190℃/10 min,双峰时效处理后合金晶内分布着细小的η’相和少量GP区,晶界析出相断续分布。此时合金的强度相比于T6状态略有降低,断裂韧性大大提高。     

断续时效对7050铝合金强度和断裂韧性的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、常温拉伸及断裂韧性实验,研究断续时效对7050铝合金力学性能和断裂韧性的影响。研究结果表明:延长二级时效时间,合金强度先增大后减小,断裂韧性先减小后增大;在二级时效过程中,晶内发生了二次析出,小析出相对基体产生了额外的强化作用,使断续时效态合金强度比峰值时效态(T6)合金的强度更高;晶界析出相粗化不连续分布,使断裂韧性比T6态合金的更大;随着二级时效时间的延长,断裂方式由穿晶剪切断裂经沿晶断裂变为穿晶韧窝断裂。     

断续时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀、电化学分析和透射电子显微分析技术等研究断续时效处理对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金微观组织与抗腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:断续时效处理能够细化合金晶内和晶界析出相。单级时效试样晶界粗大的析出相呈不连续分布,晶界结构相当于一个宽大的无沉淀析出相(PFZ)上不连续分布着粗大的析出相。断续时效试样晶界细小的析出相呈链状分布,将晶界两边的PFZ隔离成2部分,腐蚀通道变窄,腐蚀电流密度减小,合金的抗晶间腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀能力均得到提高。     

热暴露过程中7050铝合金的微观组织与性能的研究

采用透射电子显微镜和拉伸实验研究了不同热暴露条件下7050-T7651铝合金微观组织和拉伸力学性能.结果表明：未经热暴露的7050-T7651铝合金中主要析出相为Guinierprestonzone（GP区）和η′相,其中η′相与基体的取向关系为[0001]η′//[11]Al,（100）η′//（110）Al.随后7050-T7651铝合金在不同温度下分别热暴露500h,随着热暴露温度的提高,合金中析出相长大越明显,晶界附近无沉淀析出带（PFZ）宽化也越明显 热暴露温度提高,合金强度下降越多.7050-T7651铝合金经过长时间热暴露后强度下降、塑性提高的主要原因是晶内主要强化相GP区和η′相的长大粗化以及晶界附近无沉淀析出带（PFZ）宽化.     

RRA处理对1973铝合金晶间腐蚀与剥蚀的影响

采用维氏硬度、室温拉伸、极化曲线测试和晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀试验等方法,并结合金相(OM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析,研究回归再时效(RRA)过程对1973铝合金力学性能及晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀的影响。研究结果表明:1973铝合金经不同时效处理后晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀趋势相同,耐蚀性能由大到小的RRA工艺顺序为:200℃,60 min;180℃,60 min;180℃,40 min;180℃,20 min;T6。RRA 180℃处理适量时间可提高1973铝合金的强度和抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能,并且随着回归时间的延长耐蚀性能提高,但强度有所下降。而RRA 200℃,60 min处理与180℃处理相比,虽然有更好耐蚀性能,但是强度损失太大。因此,1973铝合金经RRA 180℃,60 min处理后具有较好的综合性能。     

High temperature tensile properties,fracture behaviors and nanoscale precipitate variation of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

In order to assess Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys as potential high temperature structural materials,the hardness,tensile properties and fracture behaviors of 7085 Al alloy were investigated at various temperatures from room temperature to 175℃.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the evolutions of precipitates at different temperatures,particularly on the relationship between microstructural evolution and tensile strength.The results reveal that both the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy are quite sensitive to the environmental temperature.As the temperature increases,the hardness and strength decrease while the elongation and reduction of area increase.As tensile testing temperature rises,the strain hardening exponent(n) decreases due to the thermal softening effect.The fracture mode of the alloy transforms from mixture of intergranular and transgranular fracture to completely transgranular dimples when tensile testing temperature reaches 150℃.The precipitate sequence during high temperature tests is coincident with that of aging.With the increase of tensile testing temperature,the mean precipitate radius grows larger,and the distribution of grain boundary precipitates transforms from continuous to discontinuous.     

Influence of different rolling processes on microstructure and strength of the Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195

The influence of different rolling processes on precipitation behaviour, crystallography texture, grain morphology, and their consequent effects on tensile properties for Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195 was investigated in the present work. The H-T8 samples (hot rolled ?+ ?T8) presented better tensile strength and ductility (with serious strength anisotropy) than the HC-T8 samples (hot rolled ?+ ?cold rolled ?+ ?T8), due to their different microstructures and textures. The higher dislocation density was found in the H-T8 samples, which promoted the nucleation of main strengthening phase T₁ in the matrix and suppressed the grain boundary precipitation, resulted in better strength and ductility. The increase of the dynamic recovery (DRV) during hot rolling enhanced the generation of Brass texture, and brought serious strength anisotropy. The cold rolling was performed after the hot-rolling process for the HC-T8 samples which increased deformation energy and resulted in full recrystallization of the deformed microstructure during the following solution treatment. The formation of recrystallized microstructure reduced the dislocation density and the heterogeneous precipitate nucleation positions which limited the strengthening phase precipitation in matrix and accelerated the precipitation along grain boundaries, resulted in fewer T₁ precipitates, coarse grain-boundary precipitates (GBPs), and wider precipitate-free zones (PFZs). The localized strain may be concentrated on the grain boundary to induce the dislocation pile-up, breaking of the GBPs, and intergranular fracture during stretching.     

Improvement of tensile behaviours of a γ'-Co3(Al,W) strengthened polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy at room-and high-temperatures by doping Ce

The microstructures and tensile behaviours of cerium (Ce) doped polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloys (doped 0.05 and 0.2 at.% Ce) at room temperature (RT) and 600–800 °C were investigated. In-suit tensile test under SEM was conducted to understand the deformation and damage mechanisms at RT. Aged at 800 °C for 50 h, the 0.05Ce alloy consisted of a Co solid-solution matrix (γ-Co_SS) and nano-scale cuboidal γ′-Co₃(Al, W) precipitates, while for the 0.2Ce alloy, κ-Co₃(W, Mo) precipitates and γ′-depleted zone were present at the grain boundaries in addition to the γ/γ′ microstructure. The 0.05Ce alloy exhibited flow stress anomalies at 700 °C. With higher Σ1∼3 boundary fraction and cleaned-up grain boundary, the 0.05Ce alloy always showed greater strength and elongation than the 0.2 Ce alloy with the grain boundary precipitates at temperatures up to 800 °C. Doped 0.05 at.% Ce made the Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy have an excellent elongation of 6.1% at 700 °C, owing to a mixed transgranular dimple plus intergranular cleavage fracture. The slip bands transferring through the low-angle grain boundary and slipping of the γ′-Co₃(Al, W) in the 0.5Ce alloy resulted in excellent ductility of 20.4% at RT.     

淬火转移时间对1933铝合金拉伸性能、腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响

通过常温拉伸性能测试、晶间和剥落腐蚀试验、光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜研究淬火转移时间(5～90 s)对1933铝合金锻件拉伸性能、腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响.研究结果表明:随着淬火转移时间延长,合金的拉伸性能和耐腐蚀性能均降低;当转移时间增加至90 s时,抗拉强度下降7.5％,屈服强度下降9％,伸长率下降约20％,腐蚀深度增加400％.淬火转移时间过长导致晶粒内部析出粗大的平衡η相,降低了时效强化效果;晶界无沉淀析出带宽化,降低了伸长率和耐腐蚀性能.为获得良好的综合性能,转移时应使该合金产品淬火时的温度不低于约366℃.     

时效态Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr合金的拉伸断裂行为

研究了时效显微组织对Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr合金断裂行为的影响.结果表明:473K低温时效时,析出相小而密,由晶界析出相(GBP)引发的微裂纹在晶界处产生并沿晶内的择优取向扩展;温度达到523K时,GBP长大,应力集中仅在某些大尺寸GBP处出现,并引发GBP与基体分离,而产生微孔,微孔的聚集与长大导致了合金的断裂.微裂纹沿着孪晶与基体的界面扩展,在断口形成平滑刻面,而GBP的存在会加剧这一趋势.时效温度升高后,孪晶与GBP数量减少,滑移变形加剧,导致平滑刻面数量减少.     

Ni-Mo四近邻作用能对Ni75Al14Mo11合金沉淀行为影响的微观相场

基于微观扩散方程,采用微观离散格点相场法研究Ni-Mo原子间四近邻相互作用能对Ni75Al14Mo11合金沉淀过程微观机制的影响。通过原子尺度的结构演化图、表征浓度和有序度的成分序参数和长程序参数分析沉淀相的有序化、簇聚、镍原子反向析出及粗化行为等。研究结果表明:最近邻、第三近邻原子间作用能增大,可促进沉淀相的簇聚及有序化,但抑制后期镍基原子团簇的反向析出及粗化;次近邻、第四近邻原子间作用能增大的影响则与之相反;在相同条件下,外层作用能对沉淀相的有序化和簇聚影响最大。     

Retrogression characteristics of a novel Al-Cu-Li-X alloy

Retrogression characteristics of a novel Al-Cu-Li-X alloy of 2A97 were studied by hardness testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The retrogression treatments of aging at 155℃ for 12 h followed by aging at 220 and 240℃ were chosen by determining the peak temperature of δ' precipitation at 230℃ by DSC. The retrogression treatment at a lower temperature of 220℃ causes the precipitation and coarsening of δ' and θ' phases in the matrix, resulting in an increase in hardness. Retrogression at a higher temperature of 240℃ causes the dissolution and coarsening of δ' and θ' precipitates in the matrix and on the grain boundaries, resulting in a decrease in hardness. Microstructural changes upon retrogression including the appearance of equilibrium precipitates such as T₁, T₂, δ', and θ are confirmed by the selected area electron diffraction and the bright and dark field image analysis.     

Microstructure and strengthening parameters of ultra-thin hot strip of low carbon steel

The microstructure and precipitation mechanism of ultra-thinhot strip produced by CSP technology were analyzed by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), H-800 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermodynamics theory. The EBSD results show that the finishing hot rolling microstructures are mixture of recrystallized and deformed austenite. After phase transformation, ferrite grains embody substructures and dislocations that led ultra-thin hot strip high strength and relatively low elongation rate. TEM observations show that there are a lot of fine and dispersive precipitates in microstructures. Most of aluminium nitrides are in grains, while coexisted precipitates of MnS along grain boundaries. Coexisted precipitates compose cation-vacancy type oxides such as Al₂O₃ in the core, while MnS at the fringe of surface. At the same time, reasons for microstructure refinement and strengthening effect were investigated.     

时效近等原子比钛镍形状记忆合金TEM分析

应用TEM分析技术对一种富Ni钛镍形状记忆合金时效后的组织进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,在不同温度下时效析出物的相结构和形态是不同的 .在 6 73～ 773K温度时 ,析出物都是Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相 ,随时效温度的提高 ,析出物的形态由细点状变为透镜状截面的椭圆板 ,这种相与B2母相是共格的 ,它的应变场使R相变与马氏体相变分离 ,Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相的析出会改善钛镍形状记忆合金的性质 .此外 ,在更高温度下时效合金将析出稳定的TiNi3相 ,该相与基体没有共格关系 ,同时导致基体镍含量下降 ,提高了马氏体转变温度 .