预拉伸对7050铝合金腐蚀性能的影响

通过硬度、电导率、Tafel极化曲线、慢应变速率拉伸测试及光学显微镜、透射电镜组织观察,研究预拉伸变形量对7050铝合金板材强度和腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:预拉伸引入大量位错,在时效过程中促进η平衡相的形核;随着预拉伸变形量的增大,晶内η相增多、粗化,合金的强度降低,电导率升高;随着预拉伸变形量增大,合金内的位错密度增大,空位浓度降低,晶界析出相间距先增大后减小,抗腐蚀性能先增大后减小;无沉淀析出带(PFZ)先变宽后消失,抗腐蚀性能先减小后增大;综合晶界析出相的分布和PFZ宽度的共同影响,随着预拉伸变形量的增大,板材的抗腐蚀性能先逐渐减小后迅速降低.     

使役条件下热暴露对2124-T851铝合金显微组织与性能的影响

采用室温拉伸性能测试、金相和透射电子显微分析方法研究热暴露温度和时间对30 mm厚2124-T851铝合金板材组织与力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:在高于板材190℃最终时效温度下热暴露,合金强度下降而伸长率上升,温度愈高、时间愈长,强度下降和伸长率上升就愈快,于250℃热暴露50 h和100 h时,屈服强度分别降低53%和58%,伸长率分别上升约23%和55%;低于最终时效温度热暴露,若热暴露温度在150℃以下,则合金拉伸力学性能变化不大;当热暴露温度接近最终时效温度,如175℃时,若热暴露时间在100 h以内,则合金拉伸性能变化也不大;若热暴露时间超过100 h,则合金强度和塑性均有所下降.于175℃热暴露500 h屈服强度和伸长率就分别降低14%和9%;于热暴露条件下,2124-T851合金拉伸性能衰退的主要原因是合金固溶体基体内主要强化相S'(Al2CuMg)相粗化以及晶界无沉淀析出带的宽化.     

双级时效对7050铝合金厚板断裂韧性的影响

采用金相组织观察、扫描电镜、透射电镜、常温拉伸和紧凑拉伸等方法,研究双级时效对7050铝合金厚板拉伸力学性能和断裂韧性的影响.研究结果表明:低温短时时效后晶内析出球状GP区和和η'相;过时效后,晶内析出粗大η相和少量η'相;随着时效时间的延长,晶界析出相粗化,并由连续分布变为非连续分布,无沉淀析出带变宽:强度先增大后减小,断裂韧性先减小后增大,断裂方式由延性穿晶剪切断裂经沿晶断裂转变为穿晶韧窝断裂.     

时效工艺对7A52铝合金晶间腐蚀和剥蚀行为的影响

采用恒温浸泡方法、极化曲线测量、金相和透射电镜技术研究不同时效温度和不同时效时间处理7A52铝合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为。研究结果表明：7A52铝合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀敏感性随着时效温度的升高和时效时间的增加而减小;腐蚀敏感性随着时效温度的变化由大到小的顺序为：自然时效,100℃/24 h（欠时效）,120℃/24 h（峰时效）,150℃/24 h（过时效）;在120℃时效条件下,腐蚀敏感性随时效时间的变化由大到小的顺序为：120℃/16 h（欠时效）,120℃/24 h（峰时效）,120℃/60 h（过时效）;合金的腐蚀敏感性与晶界析出相（MgZn2）和无沉淀析出带（PFZ）的特征有关;晶界析出相呈链状分布时合金腐蚀敏感性大,晶界析出相尺寸越大,分布越不连续,PFZ越宽,合金腐蚀敏感性越小。     

预拉伸对7085铝合金力学及局部腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、室温拉伸、极化曲线、晶间腐蚀(IGC)和剥落腐蚀(EXCO)浸泡实验研究预拉伸对7085铝合金力学性能及局部腐蚀性能的影响,结合金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描透射电镜(STEM)及差示扫描量热法(DSC)等显微组织表征结果探讨和分析其影响机理。研究结果表明:经室温拉伸变形2.5%预拉伸后,合金时效后晶内η′强化相粒径增加,但体积分数增加,硬度和强度变化不大;合金晶界η相粒径、间距及其中Zn和Cu元素摩尔分数增加,晶界无沉淀析出带宽度增加;η相中Zn元素摩尔分数的显著增加和晶界无沉淀析出带宽化增大了腐蚀萌生概率和腐蚀沿晶扩展速率,降低了晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能。     

含钪Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的腐蚀行为和电化学阻抗谱特征

通过晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀和极化曲线试验,结合电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测量,研究不同时效处理对含钪超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀敏感性的影响。研究结果表明:在自然时效状态下,合金腐蚀敏感性最大;人工时效处理的合金,其腐蚀敏感性随时效时间的延长而降低,相应时效态合金在EXCO溶液中恒电位极化曲线分析,也得出相同的结论。晶界析出相和晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)是影响合金腐蚀性能的主要因素。随着时效时间的延长,η′和S′相逐渐向平衡的η和S相转变,晶界析出相粗化并呈链状分布,PFZ变宽等均有助于降低合金的腐蚀敏感性。合金的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)演变对腐蚀类型的转变具有规律的反映,可以用来对合金的腐蚀性能进行快速、无损的检测。     

断续时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀、电化学分析和透射电子显微分析技术等研究断续时效处理对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金微观组织与抗腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:断续时效处理能够细化合金晶内和晶界析出相。单级时效试样晶界粗大的析出相呈不连续分布,晶界结构相当于一个宽大的无沉淀析出相(PFZ)上不连续分布着粗大的析出相。断续时效试样晶界细小的析出相呈链状分布,将晶界两边的PFZ隔离成2部分,腐蚀通道变窄,腐蚀电流密度减小,合金的抗晶间腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀能力均得到提高。     

淬火水温对7B50铝合金厚板组织和强韧性的影响

采用室温拉伸测试、断裂韧性测试并结合扫描电镜及透射电镜等组织分析方法，研究淬火水温（20~60 ℃）对7B50铝合金厚板组织和强韧性的影响，并探究不同时效处理制度对淬火水温的敏感性.研究结果表明： 7B50合金的室温拉伸性能对淬火水温不敏感，但断裂韧度随淬火水温改变变化显著，当淬火水温从60 ℃降至20 ℃时，峰时效态和过时效态合金的断裂韧性分别增加12.9%和11.4%.当淬火水温较高（40 ℃和60 ℃）时，与过时效态合金相比，峰时效态合金的断裂韧性对淬火水温更敏感.透射电镜观察揭示了晶界组织的差异导致的合金断裂韧度的变化.随着淬火水温降低，淬火态合金的晶界脱溶析出相尺寸逐渐减小，并且在时效处理后使晶界析出相尺寸减小、无沉淀析出带宽度变窄，特别是峰时效态合金的晶界析出相尺寸和晶界无沉淀析出带宽度随温度变化更为显著.     

热暴露对Al—Cu—Mg—Ag合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金经时效处理165℃×2 h(欠时效态)后,在不同温度(150~300℃)和不同时间(0~1000 h)热暴露后的显微组织和性能.结果表明:在150℃热暴露下,随时间延长,其剩余强度先上升后下降,强度峰值出现在100 h,在1000 h后合金力学性能相对欠时效态无明显下降;在200~300℃热暴露时,合金的强度随时间的延长而下降,延伸率随着时间的延长而增大;在300℃热暴露时,合金的强度明显下降,暴露10 h后其抗拉强度为272.5 MPa,100 h后其抗拉强度降至114.5 MPa.欠时效状态的合金组织主要为均匀细小分布Ω相;随着暴露温度的升高,Ω相长大并粗化,晶界无析出带(PFZ)变宽.     

应力-电场耦合时效对2524铝合金微观组织的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、正电子淹没谱等分析手段,研究应力、应力-电场耦合时效后2524铝合金的微观组织。研究结果表明:在190℃时效10 h时,外加130 MPa应力抑制2524铝合金中S′相的均匀形核和长大。应力(130 MPa)+电场(16 V/cm)耦合时效后,合金中出现了高密度的位错环和蜷线位错,S′相在位错和含Mn相周围细小弥散析出,晶界处PFZ缩小并出现大量细小S′相。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.