红树林土壤中假单胞菌群的重金属耐受活性

本研究从广西钦州茅尾海红树林保护区土壤中分离出的假单胞菌群着手，对其进行重金属耐受性能筛选，旨在获得可对重金属污染环境进行高效修复的菌株。选用传统稀释涂布法和16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析红树林土壤中的可培养假单胞菌；通过肉汤稀释法对菌株展开6种重金属耐受特性研究，对其进行耐受基因检测，并进一步测试重金属耐受活性显著菌株的重金属吸附性能。结果表明，从红树林土壤中共获得23株假单胞菌，18株菌对至少一种重金属表现出耐受活性，总阳性率为78.26%；10株菌的基因组DNA中检测出重金属耐受基因。其中，对铅和/或锌耐受活性显著的11株菌中，Y234、Y123、Y264、Y225和Y346具有显著的吸附性能，铅和/或锌的吸附率均大于50%。广西钦州茅尾海红树林保护区土壤中可培养假单胞菌群丰富，其重金属耐受活性显著，具有较大的挖掘潜力。     

海芒果可培养细菌的分离鉴定及其抑制海洋鱼类致病菌活性研究

【目的】研究红树植物海芒果Cerbera manghas L.及其根际土壤可培养细菌多样性及其代谢产物抑制鱼类致病菌的生物活性。【方法】采用纯培养法分离并基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析法对分离得到的细菌进行多样性研究,采用滤纸片法研究其抑制海洋鱼类致病菌的生物活性。【结果】从海芒果及其根际土壤中共分离得到15株可培养细菌,采用16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析后发现,这些菌分属于2个大的细菌发育类群:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,占比为53%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,占比为47%),其中4株为芽孢杆菌属,6株为链霉菌属。活性研究发现,所有测试菌株对3种海洋鱼类致病弧菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中VT86(Kitasatospora paranensis),V139-2(Streptomyces luteireticuli),V140-2(Streptomyces jiujiangensis),VT19(Streptomyces orinoci),VT113(Streptomyces niveiscabiei)这5株菌的抑菌效果较好,以VT86(K.paranensis)抑菌活性最好。【结论】红树植物海芒果及其根际土壤中的细菌丰富多样,部分细菌具有抑制海洋鱼类致病菌生长的生物活性,具有开发成新型抑制鱼类致病菌药物的潜力。     

Diversity and high nitrogenase activity of endophytic diazotrophs isolated from Oryza rufipogon Griff.

Diversity and nitrogenase activity of endophytic diazotrophs colonized in the wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff grown in Boluo, Huilai County in Guangdong Province and Lingshui County in Hainan Province were studied. Thirty-seven isolates obtained from Oryza rufipogon were identified as putative endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria by ARA （acetylene reduction assay） test and further confirmed by PCR amplification of nifH gene fragments. All obtained strains have ARA activity and the same sized nifH gene fragments. Above the similarity level of 80%, the obtained isolates were assigned as Group Ⅰ to Ⅷ by the clustering of IS-PCR fingerprints. The SDS-PAGE whole-cell protein patterns were similar to those of IS-PCR fingerprints. Components and contents of fatty acid methyl esters （FAMEs） were used to differentiate the representative strains （Ls13, Ls8, BL1, BL12, HL6, Ls4） from Group Ⅰ to Group Ⅵ. The six representative strains showed significant difference in contents and components of cellular fatty acid methyl ester. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that strains of Group Ⅰ to Ⅶ were located in Enterobacteraceae （y-proteobacteria）. Strains of Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ were closely related to Klebsiella sp.; Strain Ls8 of Group Ⅱ was a little far away from the genus of Pantoea （homology level 96% with Pantoea agglomerans）, which may represent a new species or genus in Enterobacteraceae; Strains of Groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ belonged to different Enterobacter sp.; Strain Ls4 and Ls 9 representing Group Ⅵ were close to Citrobacter amalonaticus with 98% sequence similarity; Strain Ls15 of Group Ⅶ showed 98% sequence identity with Pantoea sp.; Strains of Group Ⅷ were assigned to the genus Ideonella （β-proteobacteria）. Based on the above results, endophytic diazotrophs isolated from O. rufipogon showed great diversity and some diazotrophs showed high nitrogenase activity with 42.52 μmol/mL. h C2H4. Inoculation to rice tests indicated that the isolated endophytic diazotrophs significantly promoted the rice growth.     

海绵Pseudoceratina sp.共栖细菌多样性及其抑制甘蔗鞭黑粉菌活性研究

【目的】探讨广西斜阳岛附近海域海绵共附生细菌的多样性,并筛选对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌有抑制作用的活性物质,为发现潜在的细菌新物种及开发农用生防菌肥奠定基础。【方法】采用稀释涂布法,通过6种复合营养分离培养基,从海绵Pseudoceratina sp.中分离可培养的共附生细菌。采取细菌形态学观察去除冗余,通过PCR扩增菌株的16SrRNA基因序列,并通过构建系统发育树分析物种多样性。采用牛津杯法进行抑制甘蔗鞭黑粉菌活性筛选实验。【结果】从海绵Pseudoceratina sp.中共分离到可培养细菌54株,经16SrRNA基因序列对比后,获得24株细菌,隶属于13科14属。其中,菌株BGMRC 2118与已发表有效菌株的16SrRNA基因序列的最高相似率为96.46%,可能为潜在新种。抑菌筛选实验结果显示,有8株细菌的发酵粗提物对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌具有很强的抑菌活性。【结论】广西斜阳岛附近海域中海绵共附生细菌具有较高的物种多样性,蕴藏着丰富的新物种资源,富含生物活性菌株。     

牛大力内生细菌的多样性及其促生特性研究

为研究牛大力Callerya speciose内生细菌多样性组成及其促生特性,从经表面消毒处理的牛大力根茎组织中分离内生细菌,采用16SrDNA序列分析法对内生细菌的多样性进行系统发育分析,并以固氮、溶磷性、产铁载体、产IAA能力等为指标,对内生细菌进行促生特性检测。从牛大力根和茎中共分离到59株内生细菌,包括16属20种,芽孢杆菌属是牛大力的优势菌群;在20种分离菌株中,分别有11,17,7株具有潜在的固氮、溶磷性、产铁载体能力,有13株菌可以合成IAA。其中RH17-2、RH17-5、GR2-1 3株菌同时具备固氮、溶磷性、产铁载体、产IAA 4种促生特性。从牛大力中分离得到的内生细菌具有丰富的物种多样性和促生特性,在未来的农业生产上具有潜在的应用价值。     

耐碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

以临床尿路感染患者尿液为研究对象,通过分离培养及16s rDNA进行肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定;采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法进行药敏实验,并对分离株进行碳青霉烯酶表型筛选;通过PCR检测常见的碳青霉烯酶耐药基因、荚膜血清型和毒力基因分布情况;对分离的肺炎克雷伯菌株进行了生物被膜形成能力及其对小鼠致病力的分析。本研究从采取的86例尿液标本中分离检出11株耐碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌,分离率为12.79%。耐碳青霉烯酶基因PCR检测结果显示,blaNDM、blaVIM、blaIMP和blaKPC基因在分离株中均呈现不同程度的分布。耐药性分析发现11株肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林耐药率为90.91%,对头孢噻肟耐药率为63.64%,对链霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素和诺氟沙星的耐药率较低。耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌荚膜分型结果显示,分离的11株细菌中10株均为强毒力型菌株（90.9%）,其中K57血清型4株（36.4%）,K1血清型1株（9.1%）,K2血清型1株（9.1%）,K5血清型1株（9.1%）,K20血清型3株（27.3%）,提示该批分离株具有较强的致病力。此外,毒力因子分布结果显示,其毒力因子rmpA（54.5%）、Aerobactin F（54.5%）在菌株中分布较为广泛。生物被膜形成能力检测及小鼠致病性试验结果显示,9株分离株均有较强的生物被膜形成能力,菌株致病力可能与荚膜血清型及生物被膜形成能力相关。综上所述,临床分离的致尿路感染病原肺炎克雷伯菌呈现多重耐药特征,强毒力菌株以K57荚膜型为主,K1、K2均有分布,提示对尿路感染病原应加强耐药监测,合理使用抗菌药物,有效防控多重耐药和强毒力菌株的感染与流行。     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most e?ective isolate.     

广西北部湾海域表层海水细菌多样性及其潜在生物合成基因研究

本研究选取广西北部湾3处近海海域,以其表层海水作为研究对象进行细菌多样性分析,旨在挖掘潜在抗生素生物合成的菌株.选用传统稀释涂布法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树分析海水中可培养细菌多样性,并对其基因组DNA进行抗生素生物合成基因聚酮合酶(PKS)基因、非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)基因及卤化酶(Halo)基因...     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most e?ective isolate.     

Rapid classification ofBacillus isolates using RAPD technique

This paper describes the typing of selectedBacillus strains from environmental origin and ATCC type strains. The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of PCR-fingerprinting using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a method for classifying members of the genusbacillus. Our experiments show that the levels of similarity of 69%∼90%, 40%∼60% were observed between the members of the same species and among the species of genusBacillus, respectively. In a dendrogram showing the positions of 28 strains, these strains were clearly seperated into distinct species, 13 of which are corresponding to type strains used in this study. These results suggest that RAPD analyses is a simple and powerful method for species identification and delimitation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Yi Qingming: born in Apt. 1938, Professor     

Isolation and Characterization of a New Subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida （ Aeromonas salmonicida subsp, flounderacida subsp. nov. ） from Stone Flounder（ Kareius bicoloratus L. ）

Biological properties were studied to appropriate pathogenic bacteria which were isolated from diseased (or dead) stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus L. ) which expressed bacterial septicaemia, including morphological characteristics, colony characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and serum homology of isolates, the results showed that the isolates belonged to a new subspecies of A. salmonicida. In addition, the representative strains have been re-checked and detected the mol% G C ratio of the DNA by China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), the examined strains were also regarded as a new subspecies of A. salmonicida, and designated as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp, flounderac/da subsp, nov. by its isolated fish (Kareius bicoloratus ). Molecular identification of analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene were applied, the results showed high similarity (99%) with the 16S rRNA gene of Aeromonas salmonicida from GenBank database. Cluster analysis of phylogenetic tree revealed that the representative strain formed separately bootstrap-supported cluster.     

青海柯柯盐湖16株细菌的ARDRA筛选及系统发育初步分析

 从青海柯柯盐湖泥样中分离的16株细菌,用2种限制性内切酶酶切进行ARDRA分析,其中12株菌的酶切带谱有较大差异.根据这12株菌的16SrDNA序列进行系统发育分析结果表明,12株菌有11株分布于芽孢杆菌科中的Halobacillus,Gracibacillus,Amphibacillus,Virgibacillus,Bacillus,Salibacillus和1个潜在的新属中,另1株属于Proteobacteria的Gamma亚群Halomonadaceae科,Halomonas属.而且16SrDNA系统发育分析提示这些菌株中存在3个新种和1个新属的可能.本研究得出的结论为:应用ARDRA来初步筛选菌株是可行的;青海柯柯盐湖这一极端环境中存在较丰富的新的芽孢菌种类.     

植病生防木霉菌的RAPD分析

对分离自不同植物根际的38株木霉菌菌株(包括哈茨木霉菌，绿色木霉菌，康宁木霉菌和绿木霉菌)进行了棉花立枯病盆栽防治试验以及用290条随机引物进行了RAPD分析。结果表明，38株木霉菌都能够降低病害严重度，按照防治效果的高低，38个菌株可以分为6个组。共有59条引物产生多态性扩增条带，根据UFGMA聚类分析，其中9条引物(S1，S42，S60，S122，S146，S147，S171，S180，S181)在防效最高的菌株中产生相近的与其他菌株不同的扩增条带，表明这RAPD技术可以用于本霉菌类生防菌株的筛选。     

高效木质素降解菌的筛选及降解性能研究

【目的】筛选纯化及鉴定木质素降解菌,对其降解性能进行初步研究。【方法】从某制浆造纸厂的造纸废水污泥中,筛选获得2株具有木质素降解能力的细菌LD-1和LD-2。通过形态观察和16SrRNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定;采用苯胺蓝平板脱色法及以TC为指标分别定性定量测定2株细菌的木质素降解能力。【结果】LD-1和LD-2分别被鉴定为Sphingobacterium属和Bacillus属的菌株,命名为Sphingobacterium sp.LD-1和Bacillus sp.LD-2。通过苯胺蓝平板脱色实验,发现LD-1和LD-2均具有良好的木质素降解能力。经测定,两株菌种发酵7d对木质素的降解率分别达到52.23%和50.36%。【结论】成功筛选到2株能高效降解木质素的菌株LD-1和LD-2。     

1株碱杆菌属菌株的分离和鉴定

 从新疆采集的盐土样品中分离到1株革兰氏阳性、严格好氧、产孢、嗜盐细菌菌株YIM 012,对其进行了系统分类学研究.菌株YIM 012为杆菌,生长最适温度为28~45℃,最适pH 7.0~8.0,并能在70~250g/L的盐质量浓度中生长良好.其DNA的G+C的摩尔分数为39%,16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示,该菌株与碱杆菌属Alkalibacillus salilacus(DSM 16460^T)亲缘关系最近,相似性达到99.6%,但与同属其它2个有效种间相似性低于96%.杂交结果显示其与A. salilacus亲缘关系低于20%,并且在生理生化方面也有差异.综合分析,确定该菌株为碱杆菌属的1个新种,将其命名为嗜盐碱杆菌(Alkalibacillus halophilus).     

上海地区不同植物根际荧光假单胞菌多样性

荧光假单胞菌是一种常见的植物根际促生细菌,有开发作为生物农药的潜质．以分离自上海周边地区12种植物根际的104株荧光假单胞菌为研究对象,进行了表型分类,并采用16S—rDNARFLP和REP—PCR技术,系统地研究了荧光假单胞菌的遗传多样性．结果表明：16S—rDNARFLP酶切图谱聚类分析在85％相似性水平上,可将供试菌株划分为9群;REP—PCR指纹图谱聚类分析在76％相似性水平上,可将供试菌株划分为26群,说明上海地区的荧光假单胞菌具有丰富的遗传多样性;聚类分析结果还显示出菌株间亲缘关系与其分离地和所在植物具有相关性,表明环境条件对荧光假单胞菌的发育和遗传分化有重要影响．     

Phylogenetic identification and microbial diversity in snow of the summit （8201 m） of Cho Oyu Mountain,Tibet

The bacterial diversity and abundance in snow of the summit （8201 m） of Cho Oyu mountain, Tibet, were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing followed by scanning electronic microscopy analysis. Most of bacteria were found to be of spherical or oval shape （〉95%）. Bacterial 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 5 genera （Caulobacter, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pelomonas and Pseudomonas）. Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant （91.25%） among the library that consists of 594 clones. The sequences found in this study are highly similar to those previously retrieved from other cold environments, such as ice core, sea ice, permafrost and snow. The results showed that the cold and barren environments strongly influence the survival of bacteria. The high similarity among sequences retrieved from snow sample and other places, such as ocean, soil and water, suggested that the bacteria in snow, soil and water environments have the same origin.     

云台山白云岩表层土可培养细菌多样性

运用纯培养法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析贵州云台山白云岩表层土可培养细菌的多样性.稀释涂布平板分离共获得131株细菌,限制性内切酶HhaⅠ和HaeⅢ对扩增的16S rRNA基因片段进行酶切分型,根据ARDRA酶切图谱划分为40个操作分类单元.16S rRNA基因序列测定和系统发育分析结果显示,这些菌株隶属于包括厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,64.89%)、β-变形菌纲(β-Proterbacteria,3.82%)、γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proterbacteria,17.56%)、放线细菌门(Actinobacteria,11.45%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,3.82%)等5大类群,共13个属.优势菌群为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus,53.44%),亚优势菌群为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas,9.16%)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,8.40%)和微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium,8.40%).15.00%的有效序列与GeneBank已知序列相似性小于等于97%,可能为潜在新类群.研究表明,云台山白云岩喀斯特地区不仅含有较为丰富的细菌物种多样性,且潜藏着许多新的微生物资源.     

广西产中华芦荟指纹图谱研究

本文旨在建立广西产中华芦荟的HPLC指纹图谱。研究以广西产中华芦荟为实验对象,采用HPLC指纹图谱分析法对广西不同产地的中华芦荟进行指纹图谱分析。结果10批中华芦荟药材指纹图谱相似度较好,各批药材指纹图谱间的相似度平均值在0.9以上;HPLC指纹图谱标定8个共有峰。本法HPLC指纹图谱的建立,初步为广西产中华芦荟的质量标准制定提供参考。     

软腐白菜根系土壤中短稳杆菌的分离和鉴定

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