Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most e?ective isolate.     

Genetic diversity of rhizobial populations recovered from three Lotus species cultivated in the infra-arid Tunisian soils

Eighty-three bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of Lotus creticus, L. pusillus, and L. arabicus grown in infra-arid Tunisian soils were characterized using a polyphasic approach including phenotypic analysis, rep-PCR and PCR-RFLP analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. Phenotypically, all isolates are fast growers the majority of which grow at a pH of between 5.5 and 9. Most of the tested isolates tolerate NaCl concentrations from 1.39% to 3.48%. By rep-PCR fingerprinting, the genomic similarity varied from 30% to 98%. All tested isolates were clustered into 32 rep-PCR clusters at the similarity level of 80%. The genomic divergence of strains revealed by rep/PCR analysis appeared to be very important since a molecular polymorphism delimiting symbionts for each species of Lotus was identified. With the high-resolution of rep-PCR profiles of the isolates obtained using Pearson’s/UPGMA analysis, the isolates were resolved into 60 different profiling groups to undergo 16S ARDRA analyses. The analysis of all restriction fragments from each strain based on the UPGMA algorithm from the combined patterns showed that Lotus isolates are very diverse and that they were affiliated to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium, and Mesorhizobium genera.     

海绵Pseudoceratina sp.共栖细菌多样性及其抑制甘蔗鞭黑粉菌活性研究

【目的】探讨广西斜阳岛附近海域海绵共附生细菌的多样性,并筛选对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌有抑制作用的活性物质,为发现潜在的细菌新物种及开发农用生防菌肥奠定基础。【方法】采用稀释涂布法,通过6种复合营养分离培养基,从海绵Pseudoceratina sp.中分离可培养的共附生细菌。采取细菌形态学观察去除冗余,通过PCR扩增菌株的16SrRNA基因序列,并通过构建系统发育树分析物种多样性。采用牛津杯法进行抑制甘蔗鞭黑粉菌活性筛选实验。【结果】从海绵Pseudoceratina sp.中共分离到可培养细菌54株,经16SrRNA基因序列对比后,获得24株细菌,隶属于13科14属。其中,菌株BGMRC 2118与已发表有效菌株的16SrRNA基因序列的最高相似率为96.46%,可能为潜在新种。抑菌筛选实验结果显示,有8株细菌的发酵粗提物对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌具有很强的抑菌活性。【结论】广西斜阳岛附近海域中海绵共附生细菌具有较高的物种多样性,蕴藏着丰富的新物种资源,富含生物活性菌株。     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

海芒果可培养细菌的分离鉴定及其抑制海洋鱼类致病菌活性研究

【目的】研究红树植物海芒果Cerbera manghas L.及其根际土壤可培养细菌多样性及其代谢产物抑制鱼类致病菌的生物活性。【方法】采用纯培养法分离并基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析法对分离得到的细菌进行多样性研究,采用滤纸片法研究其抑制海洋鱼类致病菌的生物活性。【结果】从海芒果及其根际土壤中共分离得到15株可培养细菌,采用16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析后发现,这些菌分属于2个大的细菌发育类群:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,占比为53%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,占比为47%),其中4株为芽孢杆菌属,6株为链霉菌属。活性研究发现,所有测试菌株对3种海洋鱼类致病弧菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中VT86(Kitasatospora paranensis),V139-2(Streptomyces luteireticuli),V140-2(Streptomyces jiujiangensis),VT19(Streptomyces orinoci),VT113(Streptomyces niveiscabiei)这5株菌的抑菌效果较好,以VT86(K.paranensis)抑菌活性最好。【结论】红树植物海芒果及其根际土壤中的细菌丰富多样,部分细菌具有抑制海洋鱼类致病菌生长的生物活性,具有开发成新型抑制鱼类致病菌药物的潜力。     

柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea相关可培养共生放线菌多样性及其生物毒活性研究

【目的】研究斜阳岛附近海域柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea可培养共生放线菌多样性及其发酵液代谢产物的生物毒活性。【方法】采用纯培养法和基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对从广西斜阳岛附近海域采集的柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea可培养共生放线菌多样性进行研究,利用卤虫致死法测试其生物毒活性。【结果】从柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea中分离获得相关可培养放线菌23株,采用16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析后发现,这些菌株属于2个亚纲9个科9个属23种。绝大部分菌株都具有一定的生物毒活性,其中10株菌株有较强生物毒活性,l株有显著毒活性。【结论】广西斜阳岛附近海域柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea中存在较为丰富的放线菌多样性,部分菌株具有较强的生物毒活性。     

广西北部湾海域表层海水细菌多样性及其潜在生物合成基因研究

本研究选取广西北部湾3处近海海域,以其表层海水作为研究对象进行细菌多样性分析,旨在挖掘潜在抗生素生物合成的菌株.选用传统稀释涂布法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树分析海水中可培养细菌多样性,并对其基因组DNA进行抗生素生物合成基因聚酮合酶(PKS)基因、非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)基因及卤化酶(Halo)基因...     

山口红树林土壤芽孢杆菌多样性及纤维素酶活性筛选研究

为探究广西山口红树林保护区内土壤中芽孢杆菌的多样性,挖掘具有稳定性好、耐高温的纤维素酶活性菌株,本研究利用可培养技术和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树分析研究红树林土壤中可培养芽孢杆菌的多样性,并以羧甲基纤维素钠为唯一碳源,结合刚果红纤维素培养法、滤纸条崩解试验、纤维素酶活力测定法,对分离出的芽孢杆菌开展纤维素降解活性研究。结果表明,从红树林土壤中共分离出171株芽孢杆菌,隶属于4科12属40种,其中芽孢杆菌属为优势菌属;从中筛选出9株具有显著纤维素酶活性的芽孢杆菌,其中4株具有显著的热稳定性。广西山口红树林自然保护区内土壤中蕴含着十分丰富的可培养芽孢杆菌种类,且部分菌株呈现出显著的纤维素酶活性,具有较大的挖掘潜力。     

Seasonal variation of snow microbial community structure in the East Rongbuk glacier, Mt. Everest

Mt. Everest, the zenith of the world, plays an impor- tant role in the global climate change. During the lastdecade, some studies on glacier and snow have been undertaken in this region. The climate and environment changes in the past hundred years have b…     

基于高通量测序的不同养殖系统下凡纳滨对虾肠道和水体中微生物的多样性

【目的】研究不同养殖系统对凡纳滨对虾肠道及水体微生物多样性的影响。【方法】以循环养殖系统和非养殖系统下凡纳滨对虾养殖水体及其肠道为研究对象,在养殖30d后采集样品,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序样品细菌16SrRNA基因V3+V4区,通过RDP11.3、Greengenes13.8、NCBI 16S Microbial和Customized batabase等数据库进行分析,阐述循环养殖系统的意义和微生物在其中的作用。【结果】养殖期间,不同养殖系统凡纳滨对虾均正常存活。将原始序列优化后对Clean序列进行分析,非循环系统下水体优质序列百分比约81%,肠道中约89%;循环系统下水体优质序列百分比为92%,肠道中为94%。两种养殖系统下水体和肠道细菌在纲水平占绝对优势的是变形菌纲,但各菌群丰度不同;不同的Alpha指数显示出物种间的差异性;通过系统发育树可以看出,不同养殖系统改变了凡纳滨对虾生境中的物种及发育关系,间接阐述微生物在养殖生境中的作用和意义。【结论】通过高通量测序揭示不同养殖系统中微生物菌群的差异以及多样性,对于凡纳滨对虾实际养殖具有指导作用,对阐述养殖过程中微生物和相关疾病的关系具有重要意义。     

云台山白云岩表层土可培养细菌多样性

运用纯培养法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析贵州云台山白云岩表层土可培养细菌的多样性.稀释涂布平板分离共获得131株细菌,限制性内切酶HhaⅠ和HaeⅢ对扩增的16S rRNA基因片段进行酶切分型,根据ARDRA酶切图谱划分为40个操作分类单元.16S rRNA基因序列测定和系统发育分析结果显示,这些菌株隶属于包括厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,64.89%)、β-变形菌纲(β-Proterbacteria,3.82%)、γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proterbacteria,17.56%)、放线细菌门(Actinobacteria,11.45%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,3.82%)等5大类群,共13个属.优势菌群为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus,53.44%),亚优势菌群为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas,9.16%)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,8.40%)和微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium,8.40%).15.00%的有效序列与GeneBank已知序列相似性小于等于97%,可能为潜在新类群.研究表明,云台山白云岩喀斯特地区不仅含有较为丰富的细菌物种多样性,且潜藏着许多新的微生物资源.     

Nodulation and molecular characterization of pure cultures isolated from root nodules ofCoriaria nepalensis

Four strains with typical morphology of actinomycete genus ofFrankia were isolated from root nodules ofCoriatia nepalensis. They were shown to nodulate the seedlings of host plant and hybridize withFrankia 16S rRNA targeted olionucleotide probes, indicating that they did belong to the genusFrankia. Furthermore, by nifHDK probe hybridizations, the homologous fragments of nifHDK genes were detected among the bacteria, and they were located in various sizes of restriction fragments of total DNA, showing diverse patterns of restriction fragment length polyrnorphisms of nifHDK gene (nifHDK-RFLPs). The PCR-based amplification and cloning of nifH gene throw light on the molecular phylogeny ofCoriaria -infectiveFrankia.     

斜阳岛珊瑚礁区海泥可培养细菌分离鉴定及活性研究

【目的】研究广西斜阳岛珊瑚礁区海泥可培养细菌多样性及其代谢产物的生物活性。【方法】采用纯培养法和基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析细菌多样性,利用滤纸片琼脂扩散法和卤虫致死法研究其生物活性。【结果】从海泥中分离获得相关可培养细菌53株,这些菌株代表27个物种,其中20株菌属于厚壁菌门(74%),7株菌为变形菌门(26%)。活性研究发现,X-15(Erythrobacter citreus)的抑菌活性和生物毒活性都较强,具有开发新型食品防腐剂和抗肿瘤药物的潜力。【结论】广西斜阳岛海泥中的细菌多样性较为丰富。     

锦鲤弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的鉴定

对从病死锦鲤（cyprinuscarpioL．）肝组织中分离的2株菌（编号：HC050630B-1,HC050630B-2）进行了形态特征、主要理化特性、对健康鲤鱼的致病作用、药物敏感性等方面的检验;同时测定了HCOS0630B-1株菌的16SrRNA基因序列,构建了系统发育树。结果表明,2株被检菌为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌（C...     

白虎头红树林区海泥可培养细菌分离鉴定及其活性研究

【目的】研究北海白虎头红树林区海泥可培养细菌多样性及其代谢产物的生物活性。【方法】采用纯培养法和分子生物学方法对样品中细菌多样性进行研究,利用滤纸片法和卤虫致死法测试其生物活性。【结果】从海泥中分离获得相关可培养细菌17株,选取9个代表性菌株采用16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析后发现,其中5株菌属于Firmicutes门,其余4株菌为Proteobacteria门。5株细菌的代谢产物有较好的抑菌活性,2株菌的代谢产物对卤虫致死活性明显,其中1株菌兼具两种活性。【结论】北海白虎头红树林区海泥中的细菌多样性较为丰富,并且部分细菌具有一定的生物活性。     

Phylogenetic identification and microbial diversity in snow of the summit （8201 m） of Cho Oyu Mountain,Tibet

The bacterial diversity and abundance in snow of the summit （8201 m） of Cho Oyu mountain, Tibet, were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing followed by scanning electronic microscopy analysis. Most of bacteria were found to be of spherical or oval shape （〉95%）. Bacterial 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 5 genera （Caulobacter, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pelomonas and Pseudomonas）. Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant （91.25%） among the library that consists of 594 clones. The sequences found in this study are highly similar to those previously retrieved from other cold environments, such as ice core, sea ice, permafrost and snow. The results showed that the cold and barren environments strongly influence the survival of bacteria. The high similarity among sequences retrieved from snow sample and other places, such as ocean, soil and water, suggested that the bacteria in snow, soil and water environments have the same origin.     

16S rRNA基因的PCR-DGGE技术分析茶尺蠖幼虫肠道细菌种群结构及多样性

利用16S rRNA的PCR-DGGE（变性梯度凝胶电泳）技术分析研究了茶尺蠖肠道内细菌的种类与多样性.通过对16S rRNA序列分析,从茶尺蠖野外种群肠适中鉴定了11种细菌,这些细菌分属于沃尔巴克氏菌（Wolbachia）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、沙雷氏菌属（Serratia）、梭菌属（Clostridium）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）、暂定类群EO1;其中以肠杆菌、沃尔巴克氏菌、沙雷氏菌属最为常见.另外,也鉴定了一种茶树叶绿体上的16SrRNA基因.茶尺蠖幼虫体内的共生菌多样性分析结果,将会为害虫综合治理提供一条全新的探索途径.     

滇西二高温温泉中Thermus高温菌的16S rRNA

 通过对滇西二温泉纯培养和免培养法获得的Thermus菌株序列进行16SrDNA系统发育及16SrRNA二级结构比较,发现二温泉中至少存在Thermus属的2个潜在新种,它们在系统发育树上形成1个独立的地理簇群分支,它们的16SrRNAhelix10二级结构也与其它地区的Thermus属菌株不同,形成明显的地域进化特征.     

Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of the family Araucariaceae based on the DNA sequences of eight genes

Araucariaceae is one of the most primitive families of the living conifers, and its phylogenetic relationships and divergence times are critically important issues. The DNA sequences of 8 genes, i.e., nuclear ribosomal 18S and 26S rRNA, chloroplast 16S rRNA, rbcL, matK and rps4, and mitochondrial coxl and atpl, obtained from this study and GenBank were used for constructing the molecular phylogenetic trees of Araucariaceae, indicating that the phyiogenetic relationships among the three genera of this family should be （（Wollemia, Agathis）, Araucaria）. On the basis of the fossil calibrations of Wollemia and the two tribes Araucaria and Eutacta of the genus Araucaria, the divergence time of Araucariaceae was estimated to be （308± 53） million years ago, that is, the origin of the family was in the Late Carboniferous rather than Triassic as a traditional view. With the same gene combination, the diver- gence times of the genera Araucaria and Agathis were （246 ± 47） and （61 ±15） Ma, respectively. Statis- tical analyses on the phylogenetic trees generated by using different genes and comparisons of the divergence times estimated by using those genes suggested that the chloroplast matK and rps4 genes are most suitable for investigating the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of the family Araucariaceae.