质粒Yp7构建的探讨

以大肠杆菌酵母穿梭质粒YRp7 DNA为材料,经体外重组构建了质粒Yp7。该质粒具有Amp~r、Tet~r两个抗药性标记和一个来自酵母细胞的Trpl基因。分子量约为5.25kb。该质粒可用于筛选水稻等真核生物DNA中的自主复制序列。     

Red/ET重组AHBA生物合成基因簇打靶载体的构建与鉴定

为确定3-氨基-5-羟基-苯甲酸(AHBA)生物合成基因簇在链霉菌中与次生代谢产物的关系,运用PCR技术,从33株AHBA合酶基因阳性菌株扩增与AHBA生物合成基因簇中编码AHBA合酶(A)、氧化还原酶(O)、磷酸化酶(P)基因,获得24株AOP基因阳性菌株.根据靶基因A基因下游和P基因上游同源序列设计50 bp引物,中间插入卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段,进行PCR,获得外源DNA片段.经过电转化,将外源DNA片段和pKC1139-AOP重组质粒共转入含重组酶质粒大肠杆菌HS996/ pSC101-BAD-gba-(Tet).在Red重组酶的作用下,外源DNA片段与重组质粒pKC1139-AOP上的AHBA基因簇的同源区域重组,构建了AHBA基因簇打靶载体.研究显示了Red/ET重组工作效率高、操作简单、精确的优点,可大大缩短构建打靶载体的时间.     

棒状杆菌亮氨酸操縱子在大肠杆菌中的克隆和表达

以质粒pTZ22为载体,用HindШ限制酶切割谷氨酸棒状杆菌染色体DNA进行克隆。分离到带有亮氨酸操纵子的4.5kb片段。用Southern切口移位分子杂交检测,证明在4.5kb的片段中既包含有leuB基因,而且对leuA基因也表现同源性。     

基于PCR-RFLP的西洋参和人参指纹特征鉴定

目的建立西洋参与人参限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)的鉴定方法.方法采用改良的CTAB法从西洋参和人参中提取基因组DNA.应用生物信息学软件设计西洋参与人参核糖体DNA ITS序列的特异性引物,利用PCR技术对指定序列进行扩增,并通过RFLP方法酶切后进行指纹图谱的鉴别比较.结果提取西洋参与人参基因组DNA19 kb,并扩增核糖体122 bp大小的基因片段,经酶切后西洋参为80 bp和42 bp长度的两条片段,而人参仍然为122 bp长度的单一片段.结论西洋参与人参DNA具有特异性酶切位点,可作为西洋参与人参鉴定的有效方法,该方法简便快速,结果可靠.     

栽培参及其伪品的脱氧核糖核酸指纹特征研究

目的探讨人参及其伪品的基因组特异性片段特征,建立人参与伪品的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)指纹鉴定方法.方法采用CTAB-SDS结合法提取人参及伪品基因组DNA,紫外分光光度计检测DNA纯度,设计特异性引物,并使用该引物对人参及其伪品DNA进行PCR扩增.结果人参与伪品提取出的基因组DNA大于23 kb,其纯度为1.70±0.19,并且人参能扩增出194 bp大小的片段,而其伪品未能扩增出相应片段.结论人参DNA片段具有特异性指纹特征,可作为人参与其伪品鉴定的有效方法,方法简便,结果可靠.     

粪肠球菌中具有启动功能的DNA片段的捕获及鉴定

PCR扩增来自质粒pUC119的β-内酰胺酶基因(bla)作报告基因,克隆进质粒pNZ8037上的能被Nisin诱导的启动子PnisA下游,构建了粪肠球菌启动功能片段探测载体pNZ-bla.利用该探测载体从粪肠球菌染色体总DNA中克隆到了能在粪肠球菌中表达的一系列具有启动功能的DNA片段,将包含克隆片段的pNZ-P-bla6质粒电击转化粪肠球菌,培养转化子并检测其抗氨苄强度,结果表明其抗氨苄强度大于Nisin诱导的含pNZ-bla质粒的粪肠球菌.表明克隆的功能片段启动能力强于PnisA.在pNZ-P-bla6的启动功能片段下游Sau3AⅠ和EcoRⅠ之间接上绿色荧光蛋白基因作为标记,构建表达绿色荧光蛋白的质粒载体pNZ-P-gfp并导入粪肠球菌中,共聚焦显微镜下可以观察到绿色荧光蛋白的表达.     

中药材人参鉴定技术方法的研究与评价

主要探讨现有的人参鉴定传统方法和分子生物学方法在鉴定过程中的准确性和客观性,综述了聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)、随机扩增多态性DNA标记(Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA,RAPD)、限制性片段长度多态性分析(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,RFLP)、扩增片段长度多态性分析(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism,AFLP)、多位点探针DNA指纹图谱和微卫星标记技术(SSR)等在人参物种鉴定中的应用,并对每种技术进行了相应的评价.     

莱茵衣藻叶绿体PsbA启动子的克隆及其活性验证

为验证莱茵衣藻叶绿体基因PsbA启动子活性,提取了莱茵衣藻总DNA。设计基因PsbA启动子引物,以总DNA为模板,利用PCR法扩增,然后与质粒P64D连接。将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌Dh5α。用氨苄青霉素和壮观霉素筛选,进行活性验证。结果成功地从莱茵衣藻基因组中克隆出PsbA启动子片段(1 161 bp),获得了氨苄青霉素和壮观霉素抗性菌落,表明该序列具有启动子活性。     

谷子乙酰辅酶A羧化酶BC功能域的克隆及原核表达载体的构建

根据已知的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)序列设计合成了1对引物,对ACCase基因的BC功能域进行扩增,所得产物与预期片段大小一致,约1.8kb。该片段与克隆载体PGEM TEase连接,转入感受态大肠杆菌DH5а中增殖。提取质粒进行PCR鉴定,将阳性克隆与原核表达载体PQE30分别用KpnⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切后回收目的片段进行连接,并转入感受态大肠杆菌M15中,所获重组质粒经过酶切、测序鉴定,证实含有目的片段,且连接、构建正确。     

质粒pATZ-1的纯化和分子大小的测定

通过 CsCl- EB( 溴化乙锭) 密度梯度离心, 从降解除草剂阿特拉津的假单胞菌 AD1 菌株中分离并纯化出质粒pATZ- 1. 该质粒经 EcoRI消化产生 14 个限制片段, 以DNA 的 Hind片段为分子大小的标准,用作图法测出上述14 个片段的大小之和即pATZ-1 的分子大小为125 kb.     

Escape of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The migration of genetic information from ancestral prokaryotic endosymbionts into eukaryotic nuclei is thought to have had an important role in the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Here we describe an assay for the detection of movement of DNA between mitochondria and the nucleus in yeast. Because recombinant plasmid DNA replicates after transformation into mitochondria of yeast strains lacking endogenous mitochondrial DNA we were able to propagate the nuclear genetic marker URA3 in mitochondria. As expected, the wild-type URA3 gene in mitochondria failed to complement the uracil auxotrophy (Ura-) caused by a nuclear ura3 mutation. But selection of Ura+ prototrophs from a Ura- strain carrying URA3 on a plasmid in its mitochondria enabled us to detect plasmid movement to the nucleus. Conversely, as the plasmid used also contained the mitochondrial gene COX2 required for respiratory growth, we were able to set up corresponding selections to detect migration of DNA from the nucleus to the mitochondria. Our results show that, in yeast, DNA escapes from mitochondria and appears in the nucleus at a surprisingly high frequency (approximately 2 x 10(-5) per cell per generation). But the rate at which DNA makes the journey in the opposite direction--nucleus to mitochondria--is apparently at least 100,000 times less.     

High-frequency transformation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has been used extensively for genetic studies but until now it has not been utilized as a host organism for DNA cloning. Here we describe a method for high-frequency transformation fo a leu 1(-) strain of this yeast with hybrid plasmids containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LEu 2(+) gene, a bacterial plasmid and either the S. cerevisiae 2 μm plasmid or autonomously replicating sequences (ars)(1) derived from S. pombe DNA. Some of the plasmids contain unique restriction sites which make them suitable for the isolation of S. pombe genes, and they can also be used for the exchange of DNA between S. pombe and S. cerevisiae.     

人源CPP32基因表达对酵母细胞生长的影响

为研究人源ＣＰＰ３２基因的表达对酵母细胞生长的影响,了解其所编码的蛋白质在分子进行过程中的功能特性,将不原ＣＰＰ３２基因克隆到表达载体ｐＧＢＴ９中,得到重组质粒并命名为ｐＧＢＴ９／ＣＰＰ,再将其和对照质粒ｐ（ＧＢＴ９）分别转化到ＣＧ１９４５和ＨＦ７ｃ酵母细胞中,一定时间测定培养物的ＯＤ６００值并做出生长曲线。结果表明：诱导真核细胞程序性死亡的人源ＣＰＰ３２基因对不同种的酵母细胞的作用不同;转化到宿     

Preliminary study on discovery of a novel molecule that interacts with CPP32 using two-hybrid system

Of ICE protease family, CPP32 (apopain or Yama) plays a central role in different apoptotic pathways. To study the molecules regulating CPP32, yeast two_hybrid system was used to identify proteins (peptides) that interact with CPP32. First, the CPP32 gene was cloned into plasmid vector pGBT9. The resulting recombinant plasmid was designated as pGBT9/CPP. The pGBT9 /CPP plasmid was transformed into the yeast strain HF7C, then the leukemia library was introduced. The transformation mixture was plated on medium lacking Trp, Leu and His in the initial screen. Colonies growing on the selection medium were further assayed for β galactosidase activity. Within 42 Trp +Leu +His + colonies only 5 turned blue in the presence of X_Gal. Plasmid DNA from 5 positive yeast colonies was prepared respectively and used to transform HB101 by electroporation. The transformation mixture was plated on medium lacking Leu to be selected for the library plasmid. Finally, only one library plasmid, designated as pY1, was determined to be truly positive by retransformation of pGBT9/CPP and the library plasmid into HF7C. The inserted cDNA of pY1 encodes a peptide of 15 amino acids, suggesting that it may be the domain interacting with CPP32.     

利用毕赤酵母表达植物甜蛋白（brazzein）的初步研究

实验将含有Brazzein基因的pPIC9K穿梭质粒通过电导入巴斯德比赤酵母（Pichia pastori）GS115中，并从22个阳性克隆中筛选出His^＋Mut^s高拷贝转化子2个，经诱导表达，产物进行Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定，目标蛋白的相对分子量与理论值一致，又经小试（5～10L罐）蛋白产量可达385mg/L。利用大孔树脂D152初步分离，得到有微甜味的产物。进一步纯化后获得了¹D-NMR图谱。     

NF-κB相互作用多肽原核表达载体的构建、表达与纯化

为了获得高纯度的可溶性NF-κB相互作用多肽,首先以酵母双杂交技术筛选获得的NF-κB相互作用多肽的酵母表达质粒pGAD GH/pp10为模板,扩增多肽基因片段,后经BglⅡ,StuⅠ双酶切后连接到pET-42a(+)载体中,构建GST/多肽融合蛋白的原核表达载体,并将GST/多肽融合蛋白的原核表达载体转化入BL-21菌株,用0.4 mmol/L IPTG于30 ℃诱导表达4 h,后经GST亲和纯化GST/多肽融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定融合蛋白的表达和纯度.实验结果表明,成功地构建了NF-κB相互作用多肽的GST/多肽融合蛋白原核表达载体,进行了GST/多肽融合蛋白的诱导表达,融合蛋白的表达为可溶性表达,最终纯化获得纯度约为80%的可溶性GST/多肽融合蛋白,这将为后继利用GST pull-down,Bio-sensor,EMSA等实验进一步验证NF-κB相互作用多肽的功能提供可靠的材料来源奠定基础.     

用酵母双杂合系统筛选与人血小板生成素受体c-Mpl相互作用的蛋白质的初报

血小板生成素（ｔｈｒｏｍ ｂｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ, ＴＰＯ）是调节血小板生成最主要的细胞因子,其生物学效应由其受体ｃ－Ｍｐｌ介导．利用酵母双杂合系统（ｔｗ ｏ－ｈｙｂｒｉｄ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ）筛选与ｃ－Ｍｐｌ相互作用的蛋白质因子,以Ｇａｌ４ ＢＤ融合ｃ－Ｍｐｌ膜内部分ｃＤＮＡ 的ｐＡＳＭＭ 为靶蛋白质粒,筛选了人胎盘ｃＤＮＡ 文库,分离到人波形纤维蛋白（ｖｉｍ ｅｎｔｉｎ）的部分编码序列,首次检测到波形纤维蛋白与ＴＰＯ 受体之间的相互作用,这提示细胞骨架蛋白可能在ＴＰＯ 的信号转导过程中起着重要的作用     

gD2 DNA疫苗诱导细胞免疫应答

用生殖器疱疹gD2 DNA疫苗pcDNA3-gD转染哺乳动物细胞COS-7,鉴定gD表达．再用其免疫BALB／c小鼠,测定脾细胞增殖、CTL细胞杀伤活性,以及CD4^ 和CD8^ 细胞群．结果表明：pcDNA3-gD能够在哺乳动物细胞COS-7中表达gD抗原,其免疫小鼠脾细胞增殖活性增加,CTL活性达37．69％,明显高于pcDNA3组和生理盐水组;CD4^ 占T细胞数量的33．38％,数量较pcDNA3组和生理盐水组显著增加．     

Identification of D segments of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes and their rearrangement in T lymphocytes

The finding that the diversity (D) and joining (JH) but not the variable (VH) DNA segments of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes are joined in the DNA of some cloned cytolytic T cells, led to identification and sequencing of three different D DNA segments. Two segments identified on the embryo DNA carry on both the 5' and 3' sides two sets of characteristic sequences separated by a 12-base pair spacer, which have been implicated as recognition signals for a recombinase. The third segment, identified in a form joined with a JHDNA segment in a T cell, carries the recognition signal on the 5' side. These results support the 12/23-base pair model for somatic generation of immunoglobulin V genes, and rule out the possibility that the cytolytic T cells use assembled VH, D and JH sequences to encode their antigen receptors.