齿密螺旋体免疫抑制现象与T细胞凋亡的关系

用凝胶电泳DNA梯度图谱定性分析T淋巴细胞凋亡率；感染齿密螺旋体后不同时间的小鼠脾脏CD4^ 和CD8^ 细胞，用流式细胞仪动态检测CD4^ 和CD8^ 细胞的比值；两种细胞体外经齿密螺旋体超声破碎提取液刺激后，用流式细胞仪动态检测CD4^ 和CD8^ T细胞的凋亡率．结果显示：(1)齿密螺旋体可诱导小鼠脾细胞凋亡；(2)实验组小鼠脾脏CD4^ ／CD8^ T细胞的比值发生改变；(3)小鼠脾脏CD4^ 和CD8^ T细胞于体外经齿密螺旋体超声破碎提取液刺激后，小鼠CDFT细胞的凋亡率随时间的延长而明显增加；CD8^ T细胞的凋亡率低下，且不随感染时间的延长而变化．通过对齿密螺旋体免疫抑制现象与T细胞凋亡的关系的研究表明：齿密螺旋体与宿主免疫功能减退、CD4^ ／CD8^ T细胞的比值下降密切相关，其机制可能与齿密螺旋体超声破碎提取液含具有能引起T细胞凋亡的成分有关．     

CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞在肺癌患者外周血中的表达

目的探讨肺癌患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的变化及其与临床病理因素的关系。方法用流式细胞术检测60例肺癌患者和60例健康对照者的CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞数量变化。结果肺癌患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平明显高于正常组（P〈0．05）,其变化与病理分期和是否有转移有关（P〈0．05）,而和性别、家族史、病理类型和肿瘤体积等无关。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞可能在肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用,导致和促进肺癌的发生和转移。     

有氧和力竭游泳运动对DNA疫苗免疫效果的影响及机制研究

将48只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分成对照组(16只),有氧游泳运动组(16只)和力竭游泳运动组(16只).在小鼠分别进行6周有氧和力竭游泳运动后,肌肉注射DNA疫苗3次,每次间隔14d.末次免疫后14d,处死小鼠,收集血液和脾细胞,检测抗原特异性的体液和细胞免疫反应.为了进一步研究不同强度有氧运动影响疫苗的免疫效果的作用机理,小鼠运动6周后,处死小鼠,收集脾细胞分析CD4⁺CD25+CD25⁺调节性T细胞(Treg)的数量及其抑制功能和IL-2的变化.结果显示:和对照组比,有氧运动增强了抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应和细胞毒T淋巴细胞反应(CTL);与之相反,力竭运动抑制抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应和CTL反应.但两种不同强度的游泳运动都不影响血清中抗体的产生.机理研究发现,力竭运动增加Treg细胞的数量及抑制功能,而有氧运动并不影响Treg的数量和功能,但增加脾细胞IL-2的表达.以上结果表明:1)有氧和力竭运动不影响DNA疫苗的体液免疫效果;2)有氧运动可能通过增加脾细胞中IL-2的产生而增强DNA疫苗的细胞免疫效果;3)力竭游泳运动可能通过改变Treg的数量及其抑制功能而削弱DNA疫苗的细胞免疫效果.     

新型嵌合补体抑制分子HCI-3的设计构建及真核细胞表达的研究

目的：基于抑制补体活化的两个关键环节，即C3／C5转化酶及MAC的形成，设计、构建及制备一种新型、高效的补体抑制剂．方法：首先设计引物，通过PCR技术扩增重组可溶性CD46／CD55／CD59嵌合分子cDNA片段，重组于pcDNA3．1( )真核表达载体上，构建兼有三分子功能的CD46／CD55／CD59嵌合补体抑制分子，命名为HCI-3(Human Chimeric Complement Inhibitor,HCI-3)．分别利用COS-7细胞和CHO细胞进行表达，并用抗人CDl6多抗及抗人CD55，CD59单抗对表达产物进行Western Blotting鉴定．结果：DNA测序结果证实，前端带有CD59信号肽序列，后端融合有编码6个组氨酸碱基的HCl-3 cDNA片段的阅读框完整．免疫印迹结果显示，表达的重组蛋白分别能与抗人CD46多克隆抗体和抗人CD55，CD59单抗结合．结论：成功构建并在真核细胞内表达了重组可溶性HCl-3分子，为进一步研制和开发新一代多功能、多靶点补体抑制剂奠定了基础．     

LAGE-1DNA肿瘤疫苗的抗肿瘤治疗效果研究

以LAGE-1转染EMT6构建小鼠乳腺癌肿瘤模型;将BalB/c小鼠随机分为4组,以pcDNA3.1/LAGE-1及对照pcDNA3.1分别接种实验组和对照组各三次.于末次免疫后10 d在小鼠左背部、右背部皮下分别种植EMT6肿瘤细胞和EMT6/LAGE1肿瘤细胞．荷瘤后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小,并对小鼠脾细胞进行CTL细胞杀伤活性实验来观察DNA疫苗引起的免疫反应.结果显示LAGE-1DNA疫苗在体内能诱导有效的特异性肿瘤免疫应答,该疫苗简便有效.     

结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗对结核杆菌感染小鼠的免疫保护效果研究

为研究结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗的免疫原性及对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果，将雌性C57BL／6N小鼠32只，随机分为4组，即结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗组、BCG组、pcDNA3．1（＋）组和PBS组。取小鼠脾细胞培养上清检测细胞因子水平；并按效靶比例分别为100：1、50：1、10：1进行CIL杀伤活性检测。用结核杆菌H37Rv国际标准强毒株静脉注射攻击小鼠，计数肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数，对小鼠部分肺和脾组织作病理切片，HE染色观察组织病变程度，Z—N染色检查抗酸杆菌，观察陔疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果。结果表明，结核杆菌ESAT-6基因疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染有一定的免疫保护效果，可诱导较强的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答，细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-1分泌增加，IL-4分泌减少，CTL特异件活性增加；使小鼠肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数较空载体组显著减少，组织病变明显减轻。     

5种甘肃道地中药对衰老小鼠免疫功能影响的比较研究

目的:研究5种甘肃道地中药对衰老小鼠免疫功能影响的差异.方法:将70只健康小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、纹党组、红芪组、当归组、大黄组和半夏组,采用D-半乳糖建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型,检测每组小鼠的脾脏和胸腺指数,血IL-1、IL-2、IL-4含量及T淋巴细胞亚群,T淋巴细胞增殖能力,脾胸腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:与正常组相比,模型组小鼠脾脏和胸腺指数,血IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、CD4+T细胞和CD4+/CD8 +T细胞比值,脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力,脾和胸腺SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著降低,MDA含量显著升高(p＜0.05,p＜0.01).与模型组比较,各中药组小鼠脾脏和胸腺指数,血IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、CD4+T细胞和CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值,脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力,脾和胸腺SOD、GSH-Px活性均呈增高趋势,MDA含量均呈降低趋势,纹党组和红芪组上述指标改变更为明显.结论:纹党和红芪水提物对衰老小鼠某些免疫功能的调节作用优于当归、大黄和半夏.     

GM-CSF体外促进多倍体巨核细胞的生成

在TPO IL-3的细胞因子组合中添加不同浓度GM-CSF，从脐血CD34^ 细胞定向诱导巨核细胞的形成，以此考察GM-CSF对巨核细胞体外扩增和成熟的作用。比较了TPO IL-3、TPO IL-3 GM-CSF(5、20、100μg／L)的4种细胞因子组合对巨核细胞扩增及形成多倍体的作用。结果发现：在TPO IL-3的细胞因子组合中添加GM-CSF有利于总细胞的扩增，对巨核细胞的纯度没有显著的影响。体外培养14d后，培养物巨核细胞中多倍体(≥8N)巨核细胞比例明显提高，从中可以看出GM-CSF能促进巨核细胞多倍体的形成。     

牡蛎寡肽对免疫低下小鼠模免疫功能的影响

研究牡蛎寡肽对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺（CTX）建立免疫低下小鼠模型,研究不同剂量牡蛎寡肽对小鼠免疫器官脏器指数、脾淋巴细胞转化增殖情况、NK细胞活性、小鼠体液免疫、巨噬细胞吞噬能力、血清TNF-、IL-6和溶血素水平的影响。结果显示,与免疫抑制模型组小鼠相比,牡蛎寡肽能够显著提高脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、NK细胞活性、廓清指数K、吞噬指数a、吞噬中性红能力、TNF-、IL-6、溶血素水平和脾淋巴细胞CD3+4T淋巴细胞亚群及CD3+8T淋巴细胞亚群分布（P0.05）,而对小鼠的肝、脾脏指数影响不显著。结果表明牡蛎寡肽能够提高由CTX引起的免疫低下模型小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫及非特异性免疫功能,对小鼠的免疫功能具有正面调控的作用。     

一种中药复方对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞PD-1/PD-L1表达的影响

为了探讨中药复方对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞PD-1/PD-L1的表达情况,以及CD3~+CD4~+和CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞比例的影响,采用传统熬制中药的方法得到中药复方提取液,按低、中、高3个浓度对小鼠灌胃给药(1次/d),2周后,采用脑脊髓脱臼法处死小鼠,利用Real-time PCR和流式细胞仪检测脾脏PD-1/PD-L1的表达情况以及淋巴细胞亚型的变化。结果表明,随着中药提取液浓度的增加,脾脏淋巴细胞PD-1的表达显著降低,而PD-L1的表达无显著变化;CD3~+CD4~+型和CD3~+CD8~+型T淋巴细胞的比例均显著增加。所研制的中药复方能抑制淋巴细胞PD-1的表达,激活免疫辅助细胞和效应细胞,有望应用于抗肿瘤的免疫治疗。     

Enhancing cellular immune response to HBV M DNA vaccine in mice by codelivery of interleukin-18 recombinant

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on immune response induced by plasmid encoding hepatitis B virus middle protein antigen and to explore new strategies for prophylactic and therapeutic HBV DNA vaccines. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with pCMV-M alone or co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M and then their sera were collected for analysing anti-HBsAg antibody by ELISA; splenocytes were isolated for detecting specific CTL response and cytokine assay in vitro. RESULTS: The anti-HBs antibody level of mice co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was slightly higher than that of mice immunized with pCMV-M alone, but there was not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with mice injected with pCMV-M, the specific CTL cytotoxity activity of mice immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and the level of IFN-Gamma in supernatant of splenocytes cul-tured with HBsAg in vitro was significantly elevated (P<0.05) while the level of IL-4 had no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The plasmid encoding IL-18 together with HBV M gene DNA vaccines may enhance specific TH1 cells and CTL cellular immune response induced in mice, so that IL-18 is a promising immune adjuvant.     

DNA疫苗经基因枪介导的免疫研究

将基因枪介导的DNA疫苗用于小鼠腹部免疫，并用免疫组化法检测gD抗原在接种部位的表达，利用ELISA检测血清中的抗gD抗体，并采用病毒攻击检测DNA疫苗对动物的保护效果。结果表明，基因枪可有效地将DNA质粒运送至小鼠皮肤组织，DNA疫苗携带的抗原保护基因gD2糖蛋白能在真皮和肌肉组织中高效表达。同时，免疫小鼠体内产生高滴度的中和抗体，能有效抵抗HSV2病毒的攻击。     

Specific anti-tumor effect induced by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing extracellular region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

The purposes of this research were to study the stable expression of exogenous gene encoding therapeutic protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, observe the metabolism of oral gene vaccine carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in BALB/c mouse, and investigate the feasibility of prevention and treatment of tumors by the recombinant bacteria. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7) was transformed into competent attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 to develop oral DNA vaccine SL3261-pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7). To observe whether the exogenous gene can be expressed in the recombinant bacteria, PCR was performed to amplify the CMV promoter of the eukaryotic expression vector as the proof of stable expression of exogenous protein; transmission elec- tron microscopy (TEM) was applied to observe the morphology of the recombinant bacteria to confirm that the exogenous gene has no impact on the growth of the bacteria, and then BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene vaccine. After inoculation of the gene vaccine, the recombinant bacteria SL3261 could be detected in the tissues such as small intestine, colon, liver and spleen. And then, mice in each group were challenged with tumor cells. The results of animal experiment showed that tumor growth of the mice in experimental group was inhibited and survival time of immunized mice was prolonged compared with control groups. A higher lymphocyte infiltration in tumors from animals treated with DNA vaccine was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed an en- hanced accumulation of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD4 cells in the tumors of animals treated with the oral gene vaccine compared to tumors from control group mice. Ultrastructure of the tumor tissue showed that tumor cells in the samples of the immunized mice were well-differentiated. Our research confirmed that the exogenous gene can be stably expressed in the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and has no impact on the growth of the recombinant bacteria; the exogenous gene can de delivered to the host by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to produce anti-tumor effect with no obvious cytotoxity to the host. In this study, it is established that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium could be used as a vector for oral gene vaccine, and our study provided a theoretical basis for the body distribution and the metabolism of the recombinant bacteria. This strategy may provide a simple, safe and effective way for the prevention and treatment of tumors.     

Specific anti-tumor effect induced by attenuated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella typhimurium</Emphasis> vaccine expressing extracellular region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

The purposes of this research were to study the stable expression of exogenous gene encoding therapeutic protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, observe the metabolism of oral gene vaccine carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in BALB/c mouse, and investigate the feasibility of prevention and treatment of tumors by the recombinant bacteria. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1＋ VEGFR2（n1-7） was transformed into competent attenuated Salmonella typhimuriurn SL3261 to develop oral DNA vaccine SL3261-pcDNA3.1＋VEGFR2（n1-7）. To observe whether the exogenous gene can be expressed in the recombinant bacteria, PCR was performed to amplify the CMV promoter of the eukaryotic expression vector as the proof of stable expression of exogenous protein; transmission elec- tron microscopy （TEM） was applied to observe the morphology of the recombinant bacteria to confirm that the exogenous gene has no impact on the growth of the bacteria, and then BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene vaccine. After inoculation of the gene vaccine, the recombinant bacteria SL3261 could be detected in the tissues such as small intestine, colon, liver and spleen. And then, mice in each group were challenged with tumor cells. The results of animal experiment showed that tumor growth of the mice in experimental group was inhibited and survival time of immunized mice was prolonged compared with control groups. A higher lymphocyte infiltration in tumors from animals treated with DNA vaccine was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed an enhanced accumulation of CD8^＋ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD4^＋ cells in the tumore of animals treated with the oral gene vaccine compared to tumors from control group mice. UI- trestructure of the tumor tissue showed that tumor cells in the samples of the immunized mice were well-differentiated. Our research confirmed that the exogenous gene can be stably expressed in the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and has no impact on the growth of the r     

Immune responses of a designed HIV-1 DNA vaccine on rhesus monkeys

According to the UNAIDS/WHO report (http:// www.unaids.org/Epi2005/doc/report.html), there are about 40.3 million HIV/AIDS survivors, and the new HIV infection number amounts to about 4.9 million, while the death number is some 3.1 million in the world in…     

靶向基因疫苗pcDNA3/MDC-VP1的构建及免疫效果

用RT-PCR扩增小鼠巨噬细胞源趋化因子(macrophage-derived chemokine,MDC)基因,与柯萨奇病毒B组3型(CVB3)VP1基因通过一个编码10个氨基酸残基的接头序列(Gly4Ser)2相连,形成融合基因MDC-VP1,构建真核表达质粒pcDNA3/MDC-VP1,作为疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠.3次免疫后,pcDNA3/MDC-VP1组小鼠血清中和抗体滴度明显高于pcDNA3/VP1组;而病毒滴度低于pcDNA3/VP1组.用10 LD50CVB3攻击,pcDNA3/MDC-VP1组小鼠生存率为50%,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,生存率高于其他各组.     

Protection against malaria by immunization with plasmid DNA encoding cholera toxin B subunit andPlasmodium falciparum epitopes

Cholera toxin B subunit is a good carrier protein and an effective adjuvant which can boost both cellular and humoral immunity. DNA fragments encoding B cell, Th cell and CTL epitopes of P. falciparum CS, MSA-1, MSA-2 and RESA antigens were cloned down-stream of cholera toxin B subunit gene in the same reading frame. Another modification using IL2 as adjuvant was also made. High titer of anti-malaria epitopes antibodies and strong cellular immunogenicity were elicited after Balb/c mice were immunized three times with 100 μg recombinant plasmid DNA dissolved in 100 μL PBS. 200 vaccinees were challenged with mouse Plasmodium yoelli to investigate if cross protection existed. The protective efficacy was about 50%. And it is found that the protective efficacy is correlated with CTL activity which was considered to be the primary effects of anti-sporozoite protective immunity. Better results might be expected when the DNA vaccine candidates were applied to primates.     

GAGE-1 DNA肿瘤疫苗的构建及其抗肿瘤治疗效果的试验研究

目的 观察G antigen 1 (GAGE-1)核酸疫苗pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1免疫小鼠后,对表达GAGE-1抗原的B-16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞的保护作用.方法 将C57 BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,与0、2、4周分别接种pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1（实验组1）、pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1/白介素2（实验组2）、pcDNA3.1＋（对照组1）,pcDNA3.1＋/白介素2（对照组2）各三次.末次免疫后10d小鼠用于肿瘤细胞攻击试验：分别于左背部、右背部皮下种植B16肿瘤细胞、B16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞.种植肿瘤细胞（荷瘤）后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小和荷瘤后小鼠的生存时间及生存率. 结果： pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2质粒免疫的小鼠在种植B16/GAGE-1、B16/pcDNA3.1+后,发现小鼠成瘤时间明显延迟,成瘤减小,生存期明显延长.结论:pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2 DNA 疫苗在体内能诱导出显著的GAGE-1特异性肿瘤免疫应答,且能抑制体内已经存在的少量肿瘤细胞的成瘤     

水动力转染技术建造慢性乙型肝炎动物模型特效研究

摘要: 目的比较不同质粒建立的水动力转染乙型肝炎小鼠模型的特性。方法将pcDNA 3. 1-1. 3-HBV-C 与PAAV-1. 2-HBV-A 两种质粒通过水动力转染法建立两种乙型肝炎小鼠模型,通过对建模成功率和小鼠外周血HBsAg 滴度及稳定性,T 细胞指数流式等检测分析,比较不同模型差异和特效。结果转染pcDNA3. 1-1. 3-HBV-C质粒建模成功率为78. 6%,转染后体内HBsAg 滴度最高达到220IU/mL; 转染PAAV-1. 2-HBV-A 质粒建模成功率为56%,转染后体内HBsAg 滴度最高达到2 300IU/mL。建模小鼠的肝脏进行切片,做免疫组化后,观察实验结果,转染pcDNA 3. 1-1. 3-HBV-C 质粒的小鼠肝脏切片的HBsAg 免疫组化较PAAV-1. 2-HBV-A 质粒小鼠颜色面积更大。实验小鼠转染质粒后6 周的外周血进行流式细胞术检测,结果显示特异性T 细胞CD4 +、CD8 + 和正常小鼠比较,两种质粒的造模小鼠未有差别。结论利用水动力转染法用不同质粒建造乙型肝炎小鼠模型在乙肝病毒指标水平和稳定性方面有着显著差异。