不同语境下交流学习双方语言选择性注意水平的比较

研究创设不同交流情境,通过交流范式探查不同语境下交流学习双方语言选择性注意水平的差异,结果发现:①语言交流情境的语言选择性注意水平和指向性水平显著高于表情和对象可视的情境,这源于其高分组的更高水平,但是其高低分组间具有不平衡性; 3种语境下的变化特征不同;②语言选择性注意集中性水平在各情境下均随着交流进程而逐渐提高,但表情和对象可视的情境效率最高.研究证实,语言交流情境下语言加工程度更深,但交流双方的协调水平相对更低,对象共同可视并不促进交流语言的选择性注意,表情能够辅助语言交流.     

参照性交流与个人学习者学习过程和选择性注意的比较

以72名大学生为被试,设计虚拟学习材料,创设参照性交流和个人学习方式,通过功能预测学习任务和维度选择任务,比较参照性交流与个人学习者学习过程、选择性注意的差异特点.结果显示:功能预测中学习阶段1至学习阶段2学习者间成绩差异无统计学意义,学习阶段3至学习阶段10参照高分组成绩显著高于低分组和个人组,差异具有统计学意义;维度选择中参照高分组、低分组被试揭开的维度平均数均显著高于个人组,差异具有统计学意义.表明与个人学习者比较,参照性交流学习优势仅表现于高分学习者;参照性交流学习者选择性注意水平高于个人学习者.     

心算任务下脑电信息传输

通过计算多导脑电的互信息传输时间序列的复杂度,研究了心算任务和安静状态下不同认知水平的对象脑电特异表现.结果表明,不同的实验状态、不同认知能力的被试者以及大脑的不同部位均可对互信息复杂度产生显著影响.抑郁症在心算任务下的互信息传输复杂度显著低于（P<0.001）安静闭目状态下的复杂度,而正常对照组虽然在心算任务下的脑电互信息传输复杂度也较安静闭目状态时有所下降,但不具有统计意义.据此推测,完成认知作业时的脑电互信息复杂度在一定程度上反映了认知水平的不同.     

更年期抑郁症患者性激素水平与认知功能的关系

为了探讨更年期抑郁症患者性激素水平与认知功能的关系,以更年期抑郁症女性患者作为病例组、正常更年期女性作为对照组,进行性激素水平测试、CogState量表认知水平评定、汉密尔顿抑郁量表等资料统计.通过比较两组激素水平发现,雌二醇无统计学差异,病例组的促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成激素水平显著低于对照组.对于两组CogState量表认知功能测定,病例组工作记忆和听觉性语言记忆明显低于对照组.对照组的认知功能视觉记忆、听觉性语言记忆与促黄体生成素水平均具有正相关性,听觉性语言记忆与促卵泡生成激素存在正相关性.但病例组各项认知指标与促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成激素水平均未发现显著相关性.结果 表明:更年期女性认知功能和激素水平存在相关性,但并未能证明更年期抑郁症患者认知功能和性激素水平的明确关联.     

非语言因素的大学英语泛读任务设计

阅读说到底是读者和作品之间的交流,双方的沟通体现在读者能否正确理解作品。对作品的反应包括了语言和非语言因素两方面.非语言因素指与文字信息相关的图片,表格以及通过图片所展现的人物特征,行为,动作表情等,语言和非语言因素在泛读任务设中的大量应用使阅读材料反映了现实生活中阅读的目的,因此就更为实用,自然。     

不同工作载荷下的警示性图标认知机理

采用工作载荷范式研究警示性图标在不同工作载荷下的认知机理,以及视觉突显性与图形语义信息对警示性图标认知的作用.首先进行了有语义图标实验,以检验具有语义信息的警示性图标在高低知觉负载下的注意捕获效应,结果表明,在高、低工作载荷下警示性图标都比普通图标具有加工优先性,但与任务无关的警示性图标在高、低工作载荷下的注意捕获能力没有显著差异,说明警示性图标能够自动获取注意系统的加工.为分离突显性视觉特征与语义信息2个因素对实验结果的影响,进行了无语义图标实验,将警示性图标转换为具有突显性但无语义信息的转置图标,发现警示性图标在高工作载荷下的注意捕获效应显著小于低工作载荷,即工作载荷能够显著调节其注意捕获能力,说明警示性图标在有语义图标实验中的注意捕获效应应归因于其本身携带的语义信息.本研究证实语义明确的警示性图标能够被注意系统自动捕获,图形语义信息在其中起到关键性作用,突显性的视觉特征也会增加警示性图标的注意捕获效应.     

PASS视角下书写困难儿童认知特点研究 ——来自北京4城区学校的调查

以CAS认知评估系统对北京市4所普通小学的60名书写困难儿童和60名普通儿童进行测试,探讨其认知过程的特点.结果发现,书写困难儿童的认知总分及计划、注意、继时性加工得分均非常显著地低于普通儿童;书写困难女生的同时性加工得分低于男生,认知总分和其他3个过程得分皆高于男生,但不存在显著差异;书写困难儿童在完成任务时使用的认知策略与普通儿童不同.教育者可先行诊断,根据书写困难儿童的认知薄弱点,制定补救计划,改善其书写状况.     

英语合作学习之我见

新课程改革指出：“外语教学要从学生学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径，发展学生的综合语言运用能力，使语言学习的过程成为学生形成积极的情感态度、主动思维和大胆实践、提高跨化意识和形成自主学习能力的过程。”新课程标准进一步明确了学生学习的主体性，即人在认识和实践过程中表现出来的自主性、主动性和创造性，同时也强调了学生在学习过程中交流合作的重要性。因此，在新教材实施过程中，教师要注意充分利用集体合作的力量，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，使他们能够更加主动地参与学习生活，培养创新思维和创新能力。     

表情的非对称搜索:有关局部特征及情绪性的探索

考察了表情的非对称搜索现象是否基于表情的整体特征(群组特征).实验一中16名被试(男女各半)在分别包含1、6和12幅表情照片的画面中搜索一个指定的靶子.画面有4类:A类的靶子是正性表情,干扰项是中性表情;B类的靶子是中性表情,干扰项是正性表情;C类的靶子是倒立正性表情,干扰项是倒立中性表情;D类的靶子是倒立中性表情,干扰项是倒立正性表情.结果显示,对正性表情的反应时快于对中性表情的反应时(F(1,23)=221.19, P<0.000),且与正立或倒立无关并表现出"倒脸效应".实验二中另16名被试做了类似的搜索任务,但是将正性表情换为负性表情.结果显示,对负性表情的反应时较快(F(1,23)=34.29, P<0.000),且与正立或倒立无关同样表现出"倒脸效应".两个结果表明,对表情的搜索基于表情面孔的局部特征而非群组特征且受环境的影响.此外,还分析讨论了非对称现象是否具有"情绪性"特点,认为表情面孔的局部特征激活的情绪性反应可能是导致搜索非对称现象的一个主要原因.     

图书馆中的语言交流:手机对于图书馆制度的挑战

手机涉及的语言交流和图书馆的安静氛围产生了矛盾,图书馆限制手机使用的制度给用户合作交流学习带来困扰,文中调研分析了中外大学图书馆现有制度与手机使用产生矛盾的原因,提出图书馆应该鼓励合作交流学习、修改部分现有制度、为用户提供适合手机使用的场所等措施,改善图书馆合作交流的环境。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.