塔中隆起奥陶系3个构造带中古岩溶发育模式

目的 探讨塔中隆起中央潜山带、斜坡带、台缘坡折带3个构造带中古岩溶发育特征及控制因素.方法 以钻井、岩心和地球物理资料为基础,系统总结了3个构造带古岩溶储层发育特征,从构造演化、沉积作用和岩溶成因等方面分析了3个构造带中岩溶储层发育的控制因素.结果 中央潜山带构造活动强烈,岩溶作用强度大,奥陶系叠加了加里东、海西多期岩溶作用;斜坡带构造活动相对较弱,地层层序保存较全,岩溶作用总体较弱;台缘坡折带上奥陶统为礁滩复合体沉积,具有形成优质岩溶储层的沉积基础,发育风化壳岩溶和同生岩溶两种类型,形成了沿礁滩相地层广泛发育的岩溶储层,构造和沉积共同控制该领域的岩溶发育.结论 台缘坡折带礁滩相岩溶储层储集性能最优,中央潜山带是较有利的岩溶储层发育区,斜坡带岩溶作用较弱,储集性能较差.     

岩溶型碳酸盐岩储层中缝洞复合体及其油气地质意义

大中型溶洞和溶蚀裂缝是塔河油田岩溶型碳酸盐岩储层的主要储集空间,但是沿碳酸盐岩裂缝还发育一系列溶蚀孔洞,形成了良好的油气渗流通道和储集空间,本文中称其为缝洞复合体。根据露头、岩心和测井等资料,对碳酸盐岩缝洞复合体的分布与成因进行分析。结果表明,它们在岩溶型碳酸盐岩中广泛分布,且成因类型不同:在表层岩溶带沿着节理或裂缝发育,在渗流岩溶带沿着构造裂缝发育,在径流岩溶带沿着溶洞周围环状和放射状裂缝发育,在断层周围沿着诱导裂缝发育;节理和裂缝是岩溶水流的通道,在节理或裂缝交叉处、以及穿越岩溶带的可溶性较高的岩层处形成溶蚀孔洞,以致缝洞复合体形成。缝洞复合体在岩溶储层内是连接不同储集空间的桥梁,也被认为是大中型岩溶缝洞的雏形,对它的识别和评价有助于岩溶型储层的深入认识。     

鄂尔多斯盆地天环北段奥陶系白云岩储层特征及分布规律

岩心及薄片观察显示,鄂尔多斯盆地天环北段奥陶系桌子山组和克里摩里组广泛发育白云岩储层,储层岩性主要为晶粒白云岩和颗粒白云岩,且属于埋藏白云岩化成因,储层储集空间类型主要包括晶间孔、晶间溶孔以及非组构选择性溶蚀孔洞和溶缝。成岩-孔隙演化分析表明,研究区白云岩储层主要由埋藏云化作用、表生岩溶作用和埋藏岩溶作用形成,且优质储层分布受岩相、白云岩厚度、岩溶古地貌及断裂等控制。克里摩里组白云岩储层主要分布于克里摩里组剥蚀线与铁克苏庙—马家滩一线地区,桌子山组白云岩储层主要发育在中央古隆起至乌拉力克组剥蚀线之间地区。研究区生储盖层配置关系良好,具备形成大型天然气藏的有利条件,局部构造如断层遮挡和褶皱是寻找有利勘探目标的重要方向。     

川东黄龙组古岩溶储层微量和稀土元素地球化学特征

通过对川东黄龙组古岩溶储层的微量和稀土元素研究，表明不同岩石结构、成分和不同溶蚀强度的岩溶岩及其胶结物的地球化学特征有显著差异，尤其是微量和稀土元素的迁移、富集和分馏效应不仅可用以判别岩溶过程中的流体性质和古水文条件，同时也可作为评价和预测古岩溶储层的重要标志之一。     

大牛地奥陶系马五段岩溶白云岩储层主控因素

针对鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田马五段储层成因的多样性,开展对岩溶白云岩储层主控因素的研究。通过岩芯、薄片观察及物性分析,明确了白云岩储层岩石学、储集空间及物性特征,并在此基础上利用测井,建立储层的识别标准。通过测井解释,运用风化壳残余厚度图和连井剖面,解释白云岩储层的主控因素,最后认为：（1）岩溶微古地貌沟槽溶蚀作用极为强烈,多发育溶蚀垮塌角砾岩,储层发育极差;岩溶高地储层相对较好;（2）岩性的差异导致白云岩储层溶蚀程度的强弱,膏质白云岩边溶蚀边垮塌,横向上延伸范围较广,垂向上可形成较深的垮塌,加剧了岩溶发育程度,含极少膏质白云岩容易发育溶孔及裂缝,有利储层发育;（3）不同白云石化作用造成储层的非均质性,准同生期发育的泥晶白云岩较为致密,粉细晶白云岩孔隙较为发育,且两者互层分布使得储层纵向上变化较大,但横向上较为连续。     

湘鄂西地区下寒武统石龙洞组古岩溶发育及储层特征

 四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组天然气勘探近期取得的重大发现,引起了对同期沉积的石龙洞组的广泛关注。通过对鄂西渝东-湘鄂西地区石龙洞组多个野外露头的研究,观察到在平面上石龙洞组顶部存在典型的风化岩溶现象,推测在该区内存在与早寒武世末兴凯运动有关的区域性岩溶不整合面。以湖北恩施咸丰背斜庙梁子-丁寨剖面为例,石龙洞顶部的表层岩溶带厚度为3 m,主要为风化壳层和垮塌角砾岩层。同时,受大气淡水和裂缝影响,表层岩溶带下部地层在较深范围内都受到大气淡水淋滤作用影响,属于岩溶改造带。根据胶结物类型及溶蚀特征可分为大气淡水垂向渗滤溶蚀区及潜流溶蚀区。此外,初步探讨了表生岩溶与储层发育的关系。研究区整体岩性较致密,但局部存在优质储层,尤其是表层岩溶带孔洞发育十分丰富,连通性良好。而岩溶改造带由于后期埋藏阶段成岩作用的影响,尤其是晚期硅化作用的破坏,现存孔洞相对较少。研究区优质储层的形成主要受表生及埋藏期溶蚀作用和白云化作用控制。     

碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层预测的难点与对策

在分析碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层成因特点与预测难点的基础上,确定针对该类储层进行地震预测的思路与对策,即首先建立古岩溶储层的地质概念模型,然后通过实验室地震物理模拟,确定敏感性地震参数,最后在井旁地震道属性统计分析的基础上,对塔里木盆地轮西区块奥陶系风化壳古岩溶储层进行预测.结果表明:该区早海西期存在2个岩溶旋回,相应地发育3套与岩溶作用有关的储层;平均反射强、均方根振幅、平均能量是反映缝洞型储层的主要敏感性地震参数,而能量半衰时斜率对于检测裂缝发育带最为敏感;研究区古岩溶储层的发育主要受岩溶地貌和断裂系统的控制,具有明显的分带性及叠置性特征.     

塔里木盆地轮古地区奥陶系古岩溶作用及储层特征

 通过古岩溶作用标志识别和成因分析,综合利用残余地层厚度法、地貌法和印模法等技术手段,对轮古地区奥陶系古岩溶地貌进行恢复,划分3 个岩溶地貌单元和8 类微地貌单元,并细分古岩溶地貌分区,对分区岩溶地貌及储层发育特征进行剖析。研究认为,不同岩溶带普遍发育裂缝和孔洞,但在不同地貌分区内储集类型具有明显的差异性。其中表层岩溶带的岩溶高地和斜坡主d:\PDF\.pdf要发育裂缝孔洞型和裂缝型储层;垂直岩溶带裂缝、孔洞均发育;而径流岩溶带中的孔洞和洞穴较发育。     

四川盆地雷口坡组三段颗粒滩储层特征及成因分析

通过对钻井、录井、测井及岩心等地质资料的综合分析,对四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组三段颗粒碳酸盐岩储层特征及成因进行研究。结果表明:残余粒间孔保存型储层和同生期岩溶型储层是研究区雷三段颗粒碳酸盐岩储层的两种主要成因类型;残余粒间孔保存型储层以残余粒间孔和粒间溶孔为主要的储集空间,管状喉道和缩颈喉道发育,较好的孔喉配置关系使储层多表现为中孔中渗、储渗能力较好的特征;同生期岩溶型储层以孤立的粒内溶孔和铸模孔为主要储集空间,喉道欠发育,中孔微喉的配置关系导致储层多表现为中孔低渗、渗透性偏低的特征;分别形成于台地边缘和台地内部的颗粒碳酸盐岩为两种颗粒滩储层的形成提供了早期物质基础;单滩体的厚度直接控制着两种颗粒滩储层的储渗形式;成岩演化是两种颗粒滩储层定型的关键。     

塔里木盆地轮古西地区奥陶系古岩溶储层特征

为了进一步挖掘轮古西区古溶岩探区潜力 ,利用常规薄片、扫描电镜、图像分析、同位素等测试手段 ,对该区古岩溶储层特征进行了研究 .结果表明 :轮古西地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩基质具有低孔低渗特点 ,多属非有效储层 ;古岩溶储层的有效储集空间主要是溶蚀孔、洞和裂缝 .洞穴规模变化大 ,主要分布于距古风化壳面深度为 0～ 2 0 0m范围内 ,中、大型洞穴多分布于古岩溶剖面中下部 .各岩溶相带中 ,表层岩溶带的洞穴最发育 ,其次为水平潜流带和季节变动带 ,垂直渗流带洞穴较不发育 .裂缝类型以构造缝为主 ,以发育立缝和低角度缝为主 ,高角度缝和水平缝发育次之 .纵向上 ,季节变动带和水平潜流带的裂缝最为发育 ,表层岩溶带和垂直渗流带的裂缝发育程度较低 .储层类型主要包括孔洞型、裂缝型、裂缝—孔洞型及洞穴型 4种 .其中 ,洞穴型、裂缝—孔洞型储层的产能好 ,是该区的重要储层类型     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman     

Progress in Linear Scaling Non-Orthogonal Localized Molecular Orbitals Method

The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-     

An Accurate and Universal HEOM Approach to Strongly Correlated Quantum Impurity Systems

A hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)approach is developed for general open quantum systems coupled to fermionic environment.The HEOM method is in principle formally exact,as it resolves nonperturbatively the combined effects of many-body interaction,system-bath dissipation,and non-Markovian memory.In practice,the HEOM approach is highly accurate and efficient for the characterization of strongly correlated quantum impurity sys-     

关于有理混合吸引子的Ciric型非唯一不动点定理

本文我们应用有理混合吸引子条件去证明具非唯一不动点的映射Ciric型的若干不动点定理.结果推广并改进已知的一些结果.     

次线性算子交换子在变指数Herz-Morrey空间上的有界性

本文主要利用给出的次线性算子分别与BMO函数及Lipschitz函数生成的交换子在变指数L~(p(·))(R~n)空间上的有界性,证明了其在变指数Herz-Morrey空间MK_(q,p(·))~α~((·)),λ(R~n)上的有界性.     

利用GPS双频观测值实现PPP电离层延迟高阶项改正

给出了利用双频观测值计算L3组合电离层延迟高阶项改正的方法,并与全球电离层延迟文件的改正效果进行对比.利用赤道附近的15个国际全球卫星导航定位系统服务组织(IGS)站的数据进行比较,结果表明:2种方法计算的电离层二阶项延迟互差最大不超过1 cm,三阶项延迟互差最大不超过5 mm;电离层高阶项改正后的观测值精密单点定位(PPP)解算结果N、E、U方向互差平均值分别为0.4、0.5、1.0mm,因此2种改正方法效果在同一水平.