烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

地下水系统稳定性判断研究

本文从地下水系统的角度出发,分析了矿井涌水量预测难以得到理想结果的原因,指出地下水系统的稳定性判断是其关键,并从系统理论和统计理论两方面探讨了进行地下水稳定性判断的依据,提出了从系统状态估计入手进行地下水系统稳定性判断的方法。参7。     

导出相对速度分布和质心速度分布的另一方法

从混合气体系统中任意两个组分的速度的几率分布出发，在证明了从速度坐标集合到速度坐标集合之间的速度坐标变换为正则变换的情况下，本文作为柯尼希定理的应用之一，较为详细地给出了推导相对速度分布、质心速度分布的另一种方法。     

关于多元函数极限与连续性定义的探讨

多元函数的极限、连续以及间断,是数学分析中最基本的概念。然而,到目前为止国内流行的教材中对这些概念还没有统一的定义。为此,本文探讨了以上几个概念,并提出了合理的定义,特别是给出了二元函数间断点的合理定义。     

岩石的五个弹性常数的测定方法

为了模拟和预测定向井的井眼轨迹,需要确定岩石的弹性常数。本文把岩石视为横观各向同性材料,给出了岩石的本构方程,根据电阻应变片的基本原理,研究了岩石五个弹性常数的实验测定方法,并给出了几种岩石的五个弹性常数的测量结果。     

自定中心振动筛的自定中心原理研究

筛箱各点运动轨迹为圆的振动筛工作时,激振轴上存在唯一的瞬时速度中心线,而且瞬心线的位置不变。瞬心线位于激振轴中心线与偏心块质心之间,该线到激振轴中心线的距线等于振动筛的振幅。只要胶带轮的几何中心安装于瞬心线上,胶带轮就只作定轴转动,不随筛箱振动。     

《设施工程技术》CAI课件的研制与应用

介绍了《设施工程技术》CAI课件的制作方法 ,阐释了该课件在使用过程中出现的一些新问题 ,并提出了解决的方法     

杨树溃疡病菌致病力分化及杨树抗病性评价

用来源于不同地区、不同寄主上杨树溃疡病原Botryosphaeria dothidea的17个菌株在杨树上进行接种试验,结果表明,病原在杨树上存在致病力分化的现象,但不同来源地的菌株之间和不同寄主来源的菌株之间致病力没有明显的差异,说明病原致病力分化与地区分布和寄主来源无关。文章试用一种数值方法,对11种杨树感病性分别作了评价。     

关于可测函数列积分的收敛性

积分号下取极限或逐项积分在理论和实际应用中都有十分重要的意义。本文在勒贝 格积分极限理论基础上，研究在弱条件下极限与积分交换顺序问题。     

粘附理论发展述评

对粘附理论的发展加以述评，主要包括机械连结理论、吸附理论、静电理论和扩散理论。     

几种木兰属植物花粉粒的超微结构

<正>木兰属(Magnolia L.)植物全世界约有80余种,主要产于亚洲及北美;我国有30余种,大部分是著名的观赏树种和药用植物。而且其中某些树种对大气中的二氧化碳、氯气等有较强的抗性,所以又是城市绿化、净化空气的优良树种。 哈钦松的真花学说认为,木兰科植物是现存被子植物中最原始的类群,得到了许多植物系统学家的赞同。美国马萨诸塞大学植物系的James W. walker曾研究了毛茛类(包括木兰科)植物1000种以上,和若干属的醋酸酐分解的花粉,并用扫描电子显微镜考察了其中的100多个属的代表种花粉。可是他们所研究的只限于美国的特有种,如福莱氏木兰(Magnolia fraseri)、达老玉兰(Talauma sp.)等。至于我国的特有种类,前人曾做过部分光学显微镜下的形态研究,但应用电子显微镜方面的研究还仅开始。我们对南京林学院校园内栽培的木兰属六个种,用扫描电子显微镜的方法对花粉纹饰结构进行比较观察,并拍摄了照片,以增补植物分类学的基础内容,并为良种繁育工作提供信息。